Consumo de álcool entre estudantes de uma escola pública da cidade de Cajazeiras, PB

El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar el uso de bebidas alcohólicas por parte de estudiantes de la mayor escuela pública de la ciudad de Cajazeiras-PB. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con abordaje cuantitativo, sobre muestra de 300 alumnos de una escuela pública de la ciudad. Se verificó que 71% ya había consumido alcohol; 66,4% experimentó con drogas entre los 13-17 años; 21,3% tuvieron experiencias en bares/discotecas; 39,4% bebieron con mayor frecuencia en bares/discobares/discotecas. Se constató que hay alto consumo de alcohol entre adolescentes, haciéndose necesaria la implementación de acciones educativas, apuntando a la disminución del consumo.O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o uso de bebidas alcoólicas pelos estudantes da maior escola pública da cidade de Cajazeiras, PB. Realizou-se estudo descritivo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, e a amostra ficou composta por 300 alunos de uma escola pública da cidade. Verificou-se que 71% já tinham usado álcool, 66,4% fizeram experimentação da droga entre 13-17 anos, 69,4% usaram por diversão, 59,5% já se embriagaram ao consumir álcool, 21,3% experimentam em bares/boates e 39,4% beberam com maior frequência em bares/danceterias/boates. Constatou-se que há alto consumo de álcool entre adolescentes, sendo necessária a implementação de ações educativas, visando a diminuição do consumo.The objective of this study was to identify the use of alcohol among students of the largest public school in Cajazeiras, Pernambuco. This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed with a sample of 300 students. It was found that 71% had drunk alcohol before; 66.4% had their first drink when they were between 13-17 years old; 69.4% drank for fun; 59.5% have already gotten drink from consuming alcohol; 21.3% had their first drink at bars/night clubs; 39.4% usually drank at bars/dance clubs/night clubs. It was found that alcohol use is high among adolescents, thus there is a need to implement educational actions, aiming at reducing alcohol use

Effects of hecogenin and its possible mechanism of action on experimental models of gastric ulcer in mice

This study investigates the gastroprotective effects of hecogenin, a steroid saponin isolated from Agave sisalana, on experimental models of gastric ulcer. Male Swiss mice were used in the models of ethanol-and indometacin-induced gastric ulcer. To clarify the hecogenin mechanism of action, the roles of nitric oxide (NO), sulfhydryls (GSH), K-ATP(+) channels and prostaglandins were also investigated, and measurements of lipid peroxidation (TBARS assay) and nitrite levels in the stomach of hecogenin-treated and untreated animals were performed. Furthermore, the effects of hecogenin on myeloperoxidase (MPO) release from human neutrophils were assessed in vitro. Our results showed that hecogenin (3.1, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg, p.o.) acutely administered, before ethanol or indomethacin, exhibited a potent gastroprotective effect. Although the pretreatments with L-NAME, an iNOS inhibitor, and capsazepine, a TRPV1 receptor agonist, were not able to reverse the hecogenin effect, this was reversed by glibenclamide, a K-ATP(+) blocker, and indomethacin in the model of ethanol-induced gastric lesions. the hecogenin pretreatment normalized GSH levels and significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels in the stomach, as evaluated by the ethanol-induced gastric lesion model. the drug alone increased COX-2 expression and this effect was further enhanced in the presence of ethanol. It also decreased MPO release and significantly protected the gastric mucosa. in conclusion, we showed that hecogenin presents a significant gastroprotective effect that seems to be mediated by K-ATP(+) channels opening and the COX-2/PG pathway. in addition, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may play a role in the gastroprotective drug effect. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, BR-60431270 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Dept Pharm, BR-60431270 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Paraiba, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, BR-58100000 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Dept Morphol, BR-60431270 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pharmacol, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pharmacol, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Atuação gerencial do enfermeiro na central de regulação das urgências / Management performance of nurses at emergency regulation center

O objetivo deste estudo é discutir a atuação do enfermeiro dentro da Central de Regulação das Urgências e sua interface com o componente móvel no município de Fortaleza. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e descritivo, realizado na Central de Regulação das Urgências do SAMU 192, no município de Fortaleza. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de um questionário, utilizando entrevista semiestruturada e observação sistematizada. Quanto aos resultados apontam para necessidade de discutir as experiências já existentes, regulamentar o papel do enfermeiro na central, que é primordial neste processo complexo que envolve a central e sua interface com o componente móvel. Sugere-se, portanto a necessidade de regulamentar por meios protocolos, portarias às atividades meio com o objetivo de regularizar as atribuições do enfermeiro na central

FraÃÃo protÃica do lÃtex da Calotropis procera protege contra a mucosite oral induzida por 5-Fluorouracil em hamsters atravÃs da inibiÃÃo de mediadores prÃ-inflamatÃrios

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel SuperiorOral mucositis (OM) induced by antineoplasic drugs is an important, dose-limiting, and costly side effect of cancer therapy. Calotropis procera is a plant plant constitutively produces abundant latex that is reported to possess anti-inflammatory, bacteriolytic, insecticidal, analgesic properties. The present work aimed to describe the effect of laticifer proteins of Calotropis procera (LP) in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible enzymes, such as, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the model of OM in Hamsters. OM was induced by two intraperitoneal (i.p.) administrations of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) on the 1st and 2nd days (60 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) in hamsters (n=5). LP (0,25; 1; 5 E 25 mg / kg) was injected i.p. 24h before and 24h after mechanical trauma of the cheek pouches. Control group received only saline. On the 10th day, the animals were sacrificed and tissues from the cheek pouches were harvested. Macroscopical and histopathological (inflammatory cell infiltration, edema, hemorrhage and the formation of ulcerations and abscess) analysis as well as immunohistochemistry for TNF-&#61537;, IL-1&#946;, iNOS and COX-2 was performed in the cheek pouch tissue. Kruskal Wallis/Dunn was used as statistical tests. P<0.05 was accepted. Ethics Committee 036/10. The LP significantly inhibited macroscopical and histopathological parameters when compared to control group with maximum effect in macroscopic scores reaching 75% and 66% of maximum effect at the histopathological evaluation. The MPO activity was also significantly inhibited by LP in 91% at the same dose (p<0,001) and also inhibited the lost weight of 5- FU induced-oral mucositis. The cheek pouches of hamsters submitted to OM showed marked immunostaining for TNF-&#61537;, IL-1&#946;, iNOS and COX-2 on inflamed conjunctive (Cj) and epithelial (Ep) tissue compared with the cheek pouches of the normal control group. LP caused considerable reduction in the immunostaining for TNF-&#61537; (62%,Cj; 70%,Ep), IL-1&#946; (87%,Cj; 80%,Ep), iNOS (82%Cj; 52%Ep) and COX-2 (70%,Cj; 100%,Ep) in the check pouches tissue when compared with the group of animals subjected to experimental mucositis that received saline instead of LP. These findings show anti-inflammatory effects of LP in 5-FU-induced OM. The protective effect could be supported by the reduction of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-&#61537; and IL-1&#946; and the enzymes iNOS and COX-2. The protective mechanism appears to involve inhibition of the expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-&#61537;, and IL- 1&#946;.Mucosite oral (MO) induzida por drogas antineoplÃsicas à um importante fator limitante da dose e efeitos colaterais da terapia do cÃncer. Calotropis procera à uma planta que produz lÃtex constitutivamente abundante que à relatado possuir propriedades antiinflamatÃrias, bactericidas, inseticidas, analgÃsicas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever o efeito das proteÃnas do lÃtex da Calotropis procera (LP) na expressÃo de citocinas prÃ-inflamatÃrias (TNF-&#945; e IL-1&#61538;) e enzimas induzÃveis, como, ciclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) e Ãxido nÃtrico sintase induzÃvel (NOSi) no modelo de MO em hamsters. A mucosite oral foi induzida por duas administraÃÃes intraperitoneal (i.p) de 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) no 1  e 2 dias nas doses de 60 e 40 mg/kg, respectivamente nos animais (n = 5). As LP (0,25; 1; 5 E 25 mg/kg) foi injetado via i.p. 24h antes e 24h apÃs o trauma mecÃnico da mucosa jugal. O grupo controle recebeu apenas soluÃÃo salina. No 10 dia, os animais foram sacrificados e os tecidos da mucosa jugal foram colhidos. Foram realizadas no tecido mucosa jugal as anÃlises macroscÃpicas e histopatolÃgicas (infiltraÃÃo de cÃlulas inflamatÃrias, edema, hemorragia e à formaÃÃo de ulceraÃÃes e abscessos), bem como a imunohistoquÃmica para TNF-&#945;, IL-1&#946;, NOSi e COX-2. Foram utilizados Kruskal Wallis / Dunn como testes estatÃsticos, onde P <0,05 foi aceito. O estudo foi submetido ao Comità de Ãtica sob o protocolo 036/10. Observou-se que a LP inibiu significativamente parÃmetros macroscÃpicos e histopatolÃgicos, quando comparado ao grupo controle, com efeito mÃximo nos escores macroscÃpicos atingindo 75% e 66% do efeito mÃximo na avaliaÃÃo histopatolÃgica. A atividade de Mieloperoxidase (MPO) tambÃm foi significativamente inibida por LP em 91% com a mesma dose (p <0,001) quando comparado ao grupo controle e tambÃm inibiu a perda de peso em animais submetidos a mucosite oral e tratados com LP. A mucosa jugal dos animais submetidos a MO mostrou imunomarcaÃÃo para TNF-&#945;, IL-1&#946;, NOSi e COX-2 na conjuntiva inflamada (Cj) e tecido epitelial (Ep) em comparaÃÃo com o tecido jugal do grupo normal. LP causou reduÃÃo considerÃvel na imunomarcaÃÃo para TNF-&#945; (62%, Cj, 70%, Ep), IL-1&#946; (87%, Cj, 80%, Ep), NOSi (82% Cj; Ep 52%) e COX -2 (70%, Cj, 100%, Ep) no tecido jugal quando comparado com o grupo de animais submetidos à mucosite experimental que receberam salina, em vez de LP. Esses achados demonstram efeitos anti-inflamatÃrios de LP em MO induzida por 5-FU. O efeito protetor poderia ser suportado pela reduÃÃo da expressÃo das citocinas prÃ-inflamatÃrias, como TNF-&#945; e IL-1&#946; e na expressÃo de enzimas COX-2 e NOSi. O mecanismo de proteÃÃo parece envolver a expressÃo inibitÃria da NOSi, COX-2, TNF-&#945; e IL-1&#946;

Exposição ocupacional em trabalhadores de um banco de sangue: um estudo transversal

Occupational hazards can cause health effects in the short, medium and long term, as in the case of accidents and work­related diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify occupational risks to workers of a Blood Bank who are exposed. We conducted quantitative, descriptive, and observational study conducted in Hemotherapy and Hematology Center in Fortaleza­Ce. We analyzed 26 employees with 54% of them being female, 62% of them have a high school our technical diploma, and 65% of them have been working for the company up to 7 years. All of the participants have a weekly workload of 44 hours a week. We observed 12% workplace accidents, and 8% with blood as biological material and needle like device cut and puncture wounds. It was identified that the risks with higher occupational exposures are biological (77%), followed by ergonomic (73%) and chemicals (65%). There was the need for constant review of these risks, so that they can develop control plans and preventive actions to protect and promote the health of these workers.Os riscos ocupacionais podem gerar efeitos a saúde de curto, médio e longo prazo, como no caso dos acidentes e das doenças relacionadas ao trabalho. O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar os riscos ocupacionais a que os trabalhadores de um Banco de Sangue estão expostos. Realizou­se estudo quantitativo, descritivo observacional, realizado num Centro de Hemoterapia e Hematologia em Fortaleza­Ce. Foram analisados 26 trabalhadores, 54% do sexo feminino, 62% possuíam ensino médio/técnico, 65% com até 7 anos de trabalho na empresa. Carga horária semanal de 44 horas. Constatado 12% de acidentes de trabalho, 8% com sangue como material biológico e agulha como dispositivo perfurocortante. Identificou que os riscos com maiores exposições ocupacionais são os biológicos (77%), logo em seguida, ergonômicos (73%) e químicos (65%). Verificou­se a necessidade da avaliação constante desses riscos, para que se possam elaborar planos de controle e ações preventivas para proteção e promoção da saúde desses trabalhadores

Protective Effect of Cashew Gum (<i>Anacardium occidentale</i> L.) on 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis

Intestinal mucositis is a common complication associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment. Cashew gum (CG) has been reported as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of CG extracted from the exudate of Anacardium occidentale L. on experimental intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, CG 30, CG 60, CG 90, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + CG 90 groups. The weight of mice was measured daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and glutathione (GSH), and immunohistochemical analysis of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1&#946;) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). 5-FU induced intense weight loss and reduction in villus height compared to the saline group. CG 90 prevented 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and decreased oxidative stress through decrease of MDA levels and increase of GSH concentration. CG attenuated inflammatory process by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. Our findings suggest that CG at a concentration of 90 mg/kg reverses the effects of 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis

Sterol O-acyl transferase 1 as a prognostic marker of adrenocortical carcinoma

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy with an unfavorable prognosis. Despite the poor prognosis in the majority of patients, no improvements in treatment strategies have been achieved. Therefore, the discovery of new prognostic biomarkers is of enormous interest. Sterol-O-acyl transferase 1 (SOAT1) is involved in cholesterol esterification and lipid droplet formation. Recently, it was demonstrated that SOAT1 inhibition leads to impaired steroidogenesis and cell viability in ACC. To date, no studies have addressed the impact of SOAT1 expression on ACC prognosis and clinical outcomes. We evaluated SOAT1 expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray of 112 ACCs (Weiss score ≥ 3) from adults treated in a single tertiary center in Brazil. Two independent pathologists evaluated the immunohistochemistry results through a semiquantitative approach (0–4). We aimed to evaluate the correlation between SOAT1 expression and clinical, biochemical and anatomopathological parameters, recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). SOAT1 protein expression was heterogeneous in this cohort, 37.5% of the ACCs demonstrated a strong SOAT1 protein expression (score > 2), while 62.5% demonstrated a weak or absent protein expression (score ≤ 2). Strong SOAT1 protein expression correlated with features of high aggressiveness in ACC, such as excessive tumor cortisol secretion (p = 0.01), an advanced disease stage [European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENSAT) staging system 3 and 4 (p = 0.011)] and a high Ki67 index (p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, strong SOAT1 protein expression was an independent predictor of a reduced OS (hazard ratio (HR) 2.15, confidence interval (CI) 95% 1.26–3.66; p = 0.005) in all patients (n = 112), and a reduced RFS (HR 2.1, CI 95% 1.09–4.06; p = 0.027) in patients with localized disease at diagnosis (n = 83). Our findings demonstrated that SOAT1 protein expression has prognostic value in ACC and reinforced the importance of investigating SOAT1 as a possible therapeutic target for patients with ACC