199 research outputs found

    La supervision clinique pour le maintien et le développement de la compétence des conseillÚres et des conseillers d'orientation en début de carriÚre.

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    Cet essai se veut une description du soutien que peut apporter la supervision clinique aux conseillÚres et des conseillers d'orientation en lien avec les étapes développementales du développement de la compétence en début de carriÚre. Les modÚles susceptibles de bien documenter le sujet ont émergés à partir de la recherche documentaire et de son analyse

    Étude de la P-glycoprotĂ©ine : effet des coumarins et du niveau d'interaction entre la P-gp et la cavĂ©oline-1 sur les activitĂ©s associĂ©es Ă  la P-gp

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    La P-glycoprotĂ©ine est une protĂ©ine transmembranaire qui agit comme une pompe Ă  efflux et expulse activement hors de la cellule une grande variĂ©tĂ© de molĂ©cules hydrophobes, c'est Ă  dire la majoritĂ© des mĂ©dicaments. De par sa fonction de transport des mĂ©dicaments et de ses localisations anatomiques stratĂ©giques, la \ud P-glycoprotĂ©ine est en partie responsable des Ă©checs aux traitements chimiothĂ©rapeutiques, limite la biodisponibilitĂ© des mĂ©dicaments tout en favorisant une rĂ©sistance multiple Ă  diffĂ©rents types de mĂ©dicaments. Le premier volet de cette Ă©tude fĂ»t d'Ă©valuer les capacitĂ©s inhibitrices des activitĂ©s de la P-glycoprotĂ©ine par six composĂ©s vĂ©gĂ©taux de la famille des coumarins. Seul le cnidiadin inhibe l'activitĂ© de transport de la P-glycoprotĂ©ine en augmentant l'accumulation intracellulaire des substrats de la P-glycoprotĂ©ine et en diminuant synergiquement la survie cellulaire en prĂ©sence de vinblastine. De plus, le cnidiadin, semble pouvoir modifier la biodisponibilitĂ© des substrats de la \ud P-glycoprotĂ©ine en inhibant compĂ©titivement la liaison du substrat diazirine-cyclosporine A. Ces rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent qu'une diĂšte contenant du cnidiadin pourrait soit renverser le phĂ©notype de rĂ©sistance multiple aux mĂ©dicaments, soit moduler la biodisponibilitĂ© des substrats de la \ud P-glycoprotĂ©ine, en tant qu'agent chimiosensibilisant. Autres que les agents chimiosensibilisants, nous avons aussi explorĂ© l'impact du niveau d'interaction entre la \ud P-glycoprotĂ©ine et la protĂ©ine structurale des cavĂ©oles, la cavĂ©oline-l, sur les activitĂ©s associĂ©es Ă  la P-glycoprotĂ©ine. Pour ce faire, des mutants de la P-glycoprotĂ©ine humaine Ă  son motif de liaison Ă  la cavĂ©oline-l furent utilisĂ©s. Nous avons montrĂ© antĂ©rieurement que l'interaction entre la cavĂ©oline-l et les P-glycoprotĂ©ines mutantes Ă  leur motif de liaison Ă  la cavĂ©oline-l est rĂ©duite d'environ 40%. Nous avons donc approfondi l'Ă©tude et lors d'essais d'activitĂ©s de liaison et de transport de substrat des P-glycoprotĂ©ines mutantes, nous avons mesurĂ© une augmentation de ces activitĂ©s ainsi qu'une rĂ©sistance cellulaire significativement supĂ©rieure. En consĂ©quence, la cavĂ©oline-l semble contrĂŽler nĂ©gativement les activitĂ©s de liaison et de transport de la P-glycoprotĂ©ine. Une variation de l'interaction entre la P-glycoprotĂ©ine et la \ud cavĂ©oline-l pourrait ĂȘtre un mĂ©canisme utilisĂ© par la cellule pour contrĂŽler ce transporteur cellulaire et lors d'exposition Ă  diffĂ©rents agents cytotoxiques, ce mĂȘme mĂ©canisme pourrait ĂȘtre impliquĂ© dans le dĂ©veloppement de la rĂ©sistance multiple aux mĂ©dicaments. En rĂ©sumĂ©, les principales contributions de cette Ă©tude sur la P-glycoprotĂ©ine sont 1) inhibition des activitĂ©s de la \ud P-glycoprotĂ©ine par le cnidiadin, particuliĂšrement son activitĂ© de liaison au substrat 2) rĂ©gulation nĂ©gative des activitĂ©s de liaison et de transport de la P-glycoprotĂ©ine par la cavĂ©oline-l et 3) augmentation de la rĂ©sistance cellulaire suite Ă  une diminution du niveau d'interaction entre la \ud P-glycoprotĂ©ine et la cavĂ©oline-l. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : P-glycoprotĂ©ine, RĂ©sistance multiple aux mĂ©dicaments, Agents rĂ©versants naturels, Interaction P-glycoprotĂ©ine/cavĂ©oline-1, Liaison et transport des substrats

    Les conditions d'efficacité des classes d'apprentissage actif

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    PA-2013-012La prĂ©sente recherche a Ă©tĂ© subventionnĂ©e par le ministĂšre de l’Éducation et de l’Enseignement supĂ©rieur dans le cadre du Programme d’aide Ă  la recherche sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage (PAREA).Comprend des rĂ©fĂ©rences bibliographiques

    Les aménagements gagnants d'une CLAAC : ce qu'en disent les étudiants

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    Comprend des références bibliographiques

    Mimivirus and the emerging concept of "giant" virus

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    The recently discovered Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus is the largest known DNA virus. Its particle size (>400 nm), genome length (1.2 million bp) and large gene repertoire (911 protein coding genes) blur the established boundaries between viruses and parasitic cellular organisms. In addition, the analysis of its genome sequence identified new types of genes not expected to be seen in a virus, such as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and other central components of the translation machinery. In this article, we examine how the finding of a giant virus for the first time overlapping with the world of cellular organisms in terms of size and genome complexity might durably influence the way we look at microbial biodiversity, and force us to fundamentally revise our classification of life forms. We propose to introduce the word "girus" to recognize the intermediate status of these giant DNA viruses, the genome complexity of which make them closer to small parasitic prokaryotes than to regular viruses.Comment: Submitted to Virus Researc

    Diagnosis of Methionine/Valine Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease by Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification

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    A patient with a heterozygous variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) with a methionine/valine genotype at codon 129 of the prion protein gene was recently reported. Using an ultrasensitive and specific protein misfolding cyclic amplification–based assay for detecting variant CJD prions in cerebrospinal fluid, we discriminated this heterozygous case of variant CJD from cases of sporadic CJD

    Comparative Genomics of Multidrug Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii

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    Acinetobacter baumannii is a species of nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria commonly found in water and soil. This organism was susceptible to most antibiotics in the 1970s. It has now become a major cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide due to its remarkable propensity to rapidly acquire resistance determinants to a wide range of antibacterial agents. Here we use a comparative genomic approach to identify the complete repertoire of resistance genes exhibited by the multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strain AYE, which is epidemic in France, as well as to investigate the mechanisms of their acquisition by comparison with the fully susceptible A. baumannii strain SDF, which is associated with human body lice. The assembly of the whole shotgun genome sequences of the strains AYE and SDF gave an estimated size of 3.9 and 3.2 Mb, respectively. A. baumannii strain AYE exhibits an 86-kb genomic region termed a resistance island—the largest identified to date—in which 45 resistance genes are clustered. At the homologous location, the SDF strain exhibits a 20 kb-genomic island flanked by transposases but devoid of resistance markers. Such a switching genomic structure might be a hotspot that could explain the rapid acquisition of resistance markers under antimicrobial pressure. Sequence similarity and phylogenetic analyses confirm that most of the resistance genes found in the A. baumannii strain AYE have been recently acquired from bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas, Salmonella, or Escherichia. This study also resulted in the discovery of 19 new putative resistance genes. Whole-genome sequencing appears to be a fast and efficient approach to the exhaustive identification of resistance genes in epidemic infectious agents of clinical significance

    Detection of prions in the plasma of presymptomatic and symptomatic patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

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    Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is a human prion disease resulting from the consumption of meat products contaminated by the agent causing bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Evidence supporting the presence of a population of silent carriers that can potentially transmit the disease through blood transfusion is increasing. The development of a blood-screening assay for both symptomatic vCJD patients and asymptomatic carriers is urgently required. We show that a diagnostic assay combining plasminogen-bead capture and protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) technologies consistently detected minute amounts of abnormal prion protein from French and British vCJD cases in the required femtomolar range. This assay allowed the blinded identification of 18 patients with clinical vCJD among 256 plasma samples from the two most affected countries, with 100% sensitivity [95% confidence interval (CI), 81.5 to 100%], 99.2% analytical specificity (95% CI, 95.9 to 100%), and 100% diagnostic specificity (95% CI, 96.5 to 100%). This assay also allowed the detection of silent carriage of prions 1.3 and 2.6 years before the clinical onset in two blood donors who later developed vCJD. These data provide a key step toward the validation of this PMCA technology as a blood-based diagnostic test for vCJD and support its potential for detecting presymptomatic patients, a prerequisite for limiting the risk of vCJD transmission through blood transfusion

    Single-cell multi-omics reveals dyssynchrony of the innate and adaptive immune system in progressive COVID-19.

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    Dysregulated immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 virus are instrumental in severe COVID-19. However, the immune signatures associated with immunopathology are poorly understood. Here we use multi-omics single-cell analysis to probe the dynamic immune responses in hospitalized patients with stable or progressive course of COVID-19, explore V(D)J repertoires, and assess the cellular effects of tocilizumab. Coordinated profiling of gene expression and cell lineage protein markers shows that S100
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