25 research outputs found
Family learning and the socio-spatial practice of 'supportive' power
Family learning has been an important mode of education deployed by governments in the United Kingdom over the past 20 years, and is positioned at the nexus of various social policy areas whose focus stretch beyond education. Drawing on qualitative research exploring mothers' participation in seven different family learning programmes across West London, this paper looks at how this type of education is mobilised; that is, how mothers are 'encouraged' to participate and benefit from this type of programme. Framed by a neo-liberal policy climate and Foucauldian writings on governmentality and surveillance, we explore how participating mothers are carefully 'targeted' for this type of learning through their children and through school/ nursery spaces, and how programmes themselves then operate as a supportive social space aimed at facilitating social networks, friendship and personal development linked to positions of gender, ethnicity, class and migrant status. It is the socio-spatial workings of 'supportive' power and power relations that enable family learning to be mobilised that ensures its popularity as a social policy initiative.The British Academy (small research grant SG42092)
Discourses of integration and exclusion: Equal opportunities for university students with dependent children?
Despite the growth and diversification of the student population, many British universities are still organised to cater for young students without caring responsibilities. Drawing on feminist frameworks of gender equality, this paper explores the ways in which governmental discourse of equal opportunities is articulated, sustained and resisted by staff and studying parents in a 1960s university. While many respondents attempt to comply with the prevailing learner norms entrenched in government policy, some also articulate an alternative discourse justifying the 'special treatment' of non-traditional students. However, this paper extends a third narrative that attempts to re-imagine university as an inclusive space
'Body training': Investigating the embodied training choices of/for mothers in West London
Framed by the UK Government's efforts to combat social exclusion by encouraging a shift from welfare to work through (re)training, this paper explores the types of training courses being offered to and taken by women with young children in West London. Drawing upon qualitative research, the paper explores the actual and desired uptake of 'body training' courses among mothers, linked, in part, to the current 'body work' skills gap in the local economy. The encouragement given to women and the interest they have in engaging in 'body training' is, we suggest, linked to the discursive construction and performance of a highly feminised and, often, maternal identity, which emphasises women's caring role and the caring self. By probing the body/training nexus through the motivations and choices of mothers in West London the paper raises questions about gender identity and stereotyping in relation to training-for-work policies and the role of training in (re)inforcing the woman-body coupling within Western dualistic thought
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.
RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 â„60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
OBSLAG - Volet Pesticides : Suivi 2017-2019 des lagunes méditerranéennes. Rapport intermédiaire
Ce rapport a pour objet de faire le bilan de l'état de réalisation de l'étude : Suivi des lagunes du Bassin RMC - programme 2017-2019, Volet pesticide, ci aprÚs nommée "OBSLAG pesticides", et encadrée par les contrats Ifremer n°17/3212552/F et 18/1312605 et par les conventions d'aide financiÚre avec l'AERMC n°2017 1182 et n°2017 1185 et dont le terme est prévu en février 2020
OBSLAG - Volet Pesticides : Suivi 2017-2019 des lagunes méditerranéennes
Ce rapport a pour objet de faire le bilan de l'état de réalisation de l'étude : Suivi des lagunes du Bassin RMC - programme 2017-2019, Volet pesticide, nommée "OBSLAG pesticides", et encadrée par les contrats Ifremer n°17/3212552/F et 18/1312605 et par les conventions d'aide financiÚre avec l'AERMC n°2017 1182 et n°2017 1185 et dont le terme est prévu en février 2020
OBSLAG - Volet Pesticides. Bilan 2017-2019 du suivi des lagunes méditerranéennes. Rapport final
L'objectif du projet OBSLAG Pesticides est de dresser un Ă©tat des lieux de la problĂ©matique des pesticides dans les lagunes MĂ©diterranĂ©ennes au regard du risque (individuel et/ou conjoint) qu'ils occasionnent pour ces Ă©cosystĂšmes. L'exposition des lagunes aux pesticides a Ă©tĂ© caractĂ©risĂ©e sur la base d'un suivi de 12 points (10 MET), Ă©chantillonnĂ©s au cours de 6 campagnes entre sept. 2017 et juil. 2019. 72 matiĂšres actives et mĂ©tabolites d'intĂ©rĂȘt pour les lagunes ont Ă©tĂ© recherchĂ©s Ă l'aide d'Ă©chantillonneurs intĂ©gratifs passifs (POCIS) et d'Ă©chantillons d'eau ponctuels. En parallĂšle de l'acquisition des donnĂ©es de terrain, un travail de synthĂšse bibliographique des donnĂ©es Ă©cotoxicologiques les plus rĂ©centes concernant les pesticides a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© de maniĂšre Ă pouvoir mettre en oeuvre le Quotient de Risque (QR) : un indicateur de risque chronique basĂ© sur les effets cumulĂ©s des substances et dĂ©rivĂ© du concept toxicologique de l'Addition des Concentrations (AC). Toutes les lagunes suivies prĂ©sentent un risque chronique fort pour a minima 50% des pĂ©riodes suivies. Et 8 lagunes/10 prĂ©sentent un risque chronique fort pour 100% des pĂ©riodes suivies au cours de l'Ă©tude. Seuls les Ă©tangs de La Palme et de Biguglia ont prĂ©sentĂ© des pĂ©riodes de risque chronique peu prĂ©occupant. Les Ă©tangs de l'Or, Ayrolle et MĂ©jean sont les lagunes qui prĂ©sentent les risques mĂ©dians les plus forts. Ce risque est autant liĂ© Ă l'effet d'une dizaine de substances dĂ©passant individuellement leur valeur seuil (mĂ©tolachlor et ses mĂ©tabolites, chlorotoluron, imidacloprid, azoxystrobin, propiconazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, ametryn) qu'Ă l'effet cumulĂ© du mĂ©lange de substances prĂ©sentes simultanĂ©ment dans les eaux (15 au minimum et jusqu'Ă 39 sur l'Ă©tang de Canet). Pour autant, mĂȘme si on supprimait les effets individuels, l'effet des mĂ©langes de substances entraĂźnerait encore un risque chronique pour 84% des prĂ©lĂšvements. Cet Ă©tat des lieux permet aujourd'hui d'apporter une vision plus rĂ©aliste de la problĂ©matique des pesticides polaires dans les lagunes, complĂ©mentaire Ă celle rĂ©glementaire de la DCE
Liza ramada Juveniles after Exposure to the Toxic Dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum: Effects on Fish Viability, Tissue Contamination and Microalgae Survival after Gut Passage
Pinnatoxins (PnTX) and Portimines (Prtn), two toxins produced by the benthic dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum, are known to be lethal to mice after intraperitoneal or oral administration. They are also known to accumulate in shellfish such as mussels and clams, but their effect on fish and the upper food chain remains unknown. In this work, juveniles of the fish Liza ramada (Mullet) were exposed to a strain of V. rugosum producing PnTX G and Prtn A. The fishesâ viability and contamination were recorded at times interval. Results showed that L. ramada juveniles were able to feed on V. rugosum and that their tissues could be contaminated by PnTX G and Prtn A without impact on fish viability. Furthermore, the microalgae temporary cysts survived and germinated after fish gut passage. This study showed the potential of L. ramada to transfer PnTX and Prtn toxins to the upper food chain and to disseminate V. rugosum in environment
OBSLAG 2022 - volet eutrophisation. Etat de la colonne dâeau et du phytoplancton des lagunes mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes (2017-2022). Indicateurs de tendance et de confiance.
Cette Ă©tude est rĂ©alisĂ©e dans le cadre du projet OBSLAG (OBServatoire des LAGunes) et porte sur les 10 masses dâeau lagunaires mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes situĂ©es Ă lâaval des cours dâeau suivis depuis 2015 par le ârĂ©seau fluxâ de l'Agence de lâEau RhĂŽne MĂ©diterranĂ©e Corse. Le rapport correspond aux actions rĂ©alisĂ©es dans le cadre du volet âeutrophisationâ dâOBSLAG, rĂ©pondant aux objectifs suivants :
1)     rĂ©aliser un suivi estival en 2022 du phytoplancton et de la physico-chimie de lâeau et Ă©valuer lâĂ©tat DCE de ces compartiments pour la pĂ©riode 2017-2022 sur les 10 masses dâeau lagunaires OBSLAG, regroupant 13 lagunes poly-euhalines. Ce suivi permet de renforcer la frĂ©quence des suivis DCE sur la colonne dâeau et le phytoplancton, qui ne sont rĂ©alisĂ©s quâun Ă©tĂ© sur deux depuis 2015 ; 2)     appliquer des indicateurs plus sensibles que les indicateurs DCE, mettant en Ă©vidence, sur les pĂ©riodes dâĂ©valuation, les tendances dâĂ©volution et la confiance associĂ©e aux indicateurs de lâĂ©tat du phytoplancton et de la colonne dâeau, compartiments les plus rĂ©actifs des Ă©cosystĂšmes lagunaires.
Les suivis rĂ©alisĂ©s au cours de lâĂ©tĂ© 2022 sur les 10 masses dâeau lagunaires ont montrĂ© que le bon Ă©tat DCE est atteint pour la pĂ©riode 2017-2022 pour 6 masses dâeau en ce qui concerne lâĂ©lĂ©ment de qualitĂ© âphysico-chimie de lâeauâ et pour 5 masses dâeau en ce qui concerne lâĂ©lĂ©ment de qualitĂ© âphytoplanctonâ. Quatre masses dâeau atteignent le bon Ă©tat pour les deux compartiments colonne dâeau et phytoplancton (Bages-Sigean, Ayrolle, Thau et Berre). Une masse dâeau est concernĂ©e par des pertes de classes de qualitĂ© (La Palme en Ă©tat âmauvaisâ pour lâeau et en Ă©tat âbonâ pour le phytoplancton) pour la pĂ©riode 2017-2022 par rapport Ă la pĂ©riode 2015-2020. Deux masses dâeau affichent des gains de classe de qualitĂ© (les Palavasiens-Est en Ă©tat âmoyenâ pour lâeau et en Ă©tat âmediocreâ pour le phytoplancton et Biguglia en Ă©tat âmediocreâ pour le phytoplancton).
Lâapplication de mĂ©thodes statistiques adaptĂ©es (bootstrap, tests de Mann Kendall et de Kruskal-Wallis) sur les donnĂ©es acquises de 2017 Ă 2022 ont permis :
âąÂ     dâĂ©valuer la confiance accompagnant les indicateurs dâĂ©tat des masses dâeau, âąÂ     de mettre en Ă©vidence une tendance Ă lâaugmentation au cours de la pĂ©riode 2017-2022 des concentrations en nutriments sur une masse dâeau (La Palme) et une tendance Ă la diminution sur deux masses dâeau (Canet et Or), âąÂ     de mettre en Ă©vidence une tendance Ă lâaugmentation au cours de la pĂ©riode 2017-2022 de la biomasse de phytoplancton sur une masse dâeau (Or) et de lâabondance du phytoplankton sur trois masses dâeau (La Palme, Bages-Sigean et Palavasiens-Ouest).
Les indicateurs fournis permettent ainsi de dĂ©tecter des changements de façon plus fine que les classes de qualitĂ© DCE et dâattirer lâattention sur des nouveaux signes de dĂ©gradation ou de restauration de lâĂ©tat des lagunes
A Pool of Postnatally Generated Interneurons Persists in an Immature Stage in the Olfactory Bulb.
Calretinin (CR)-expressing periglomerular (PG) cells are the most abundant interneurons in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. They are predominately generated postnatally from the septal and dorsal subventricular zones that continue producing them well into adulthood. Yet, little is known about their properties and functions. Using transgenic approaches and patch-clamp recording in mice of both sexes we show that CR(+) PG cells of both septal and dorsal origin have homogeneous morphological and electrophysiological properties. However, unlike other PG cells, these axonless neurons express a surprisingly small repertoire of voltage-activated channels and do not fire or fire at most a single and often small action potential. Moreover, they are not innervated by olfactory sensory neurons and receive little synaptic inputs from mitral or tufted cells at excitatory synapses where NMDA receptors predominate. These membrane and synaptic properties, that resemble those of newborn immature neurons not yet integrated in the network, persist over time and limit the recruitment of CR(+) PG cells by afferent inputs that strongly drive local network activity. Together, our results show that postnatally generated CR(+) PG cells continuously supply a large pool of neurons with unconventional properties. These data also question the contribution of CR(+) PG cells in olfactory bulb computation