Competitive Balance: Time Series Lessons from the E nglish P remier L eague

Structural break points in the F irst D ivision/ E nglish P remier L eague time series of competitive balance identify an E arly P eriod, a Pre‐ W orld W ar II P eriod, a Post‐ W ar P eriod, and a M odern P eriod. The E arly P eriod corresponds to technology diffusion (defense and tactics) along with important economic structural imposition by leagues. The war periods are common to many time series. The M odern P eriod's sharp decline in balance corresponds to the newest version of the C hampions L eague in 1994/1995 and the B osman R uling of 1995. R ottenberg's invariance principle suggests that it would be the former, rather than the latter, responsible for the historical rate of decline that follows this structural break.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91362/1/sjpe580.pd

Pro Sports League Antitrust ‘Beliefs’: Applied Theory and the Rule of Reason

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137367/1/mde2791.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137367/2/mde2791_am.pd

Winning In Professional Team Sports: Historical Moments

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146921/1/ecin12702_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146921/2/ecin12702.pd

Conditional Quantum Walk and Iterated Quantum Games

Iterated bipartite quantum games are implemented in terms of the discrete-time quantum walk on the line. Our proposal allows for conditional strategies, as two rational agents make a choice from a restricted set of two-qubit unitary operations. Several frequently used classical strategies give rise to families of corresponding quantum strategies. A quantum version of the Prisoner's Dilemma in which both players use mixed strategies is presented as a specific example. Since there are now quantum walk physical implementations at a proof-of principle stage, this connection may represent a step towards the experimental realization of quantum games.Comment: Revtex 4, 6 pages, 3 figures. Expanded version with one more figure and updated references. Abstract was rewritte

Routes towards Anderson-Like localization of Bose-Einstein condensates in disordered optical lattices

We investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, possible routes towards Anderson-like localization of Bose-Einstein condensates in disordered potentials. The dependence of this quantum interference effect on the nonlinear interactions and the shape of the disorder potential is investigated. Experiments with an optical lattice and a superimposed disordered potential reveal the lack of Anderson localization. A theoretical analysis shows that this absence is due to the large length scale of the disorder potential as well as its screening by the nonlinear interactions. Further analysis shows that incommensurable superlattices should allow for the observation of the cross-over from the nonlinear screening regime to the Anderson localized case within realistic experimental parameters.Comment: 4 pages to appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Feshbach resonances in a quasi-2D atomic gas

Strongly confining an ultracold atomic gas in one direction to create a quasi-2D system alters the scattering properties of this gas. We investigate the effects of confinement on Feshbach scattering resonances and show that strong confinement results in a shift in the position of the Feshbach resonance as a function of the magnetic field. This shift, as well as the change of the width of the resonance, are computed. We find that the resonance is strongly damped in the thermal gas, but in the condensate the resonance remains sharp due to many-body effects. We introduce a 2D model system, suited for the study of resonant superfluidity, and having the same scattering properties as the tightly confined real system near a Feshbach resonance. Exact relations are derived between measurable quantities and the model parameters.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

Finite Size Analysis of the U(1) Phase Transition using the World-sheet Formulation

We present a high statistics analysis of the pure gauge compact U(1) lattice theory using the the world-sheet or Lagrangian loop representation. We have applied a simulation method that deals directly with (gauge invariant) integer variables on plaquettes. As a result we get a significant amelioration of the simulation that allows to work with large lattices avoiding the metaestability problems that appear using the standard Wilson formulation.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures. REVTEX and eps

What a difference a term makes:the effect of educational attainment on marital outcomes in the UK

Abstract In the past, students in England and Wales born within the first 5 monthsof the academic year could leave school one term earlier than those born later inthe year. Focusing on women, those who were required to stay on an extra termmore frequently hold some academic qualification. Using having been required tostay on as an exogenous factor affecting academic attainment, we find that holding alow-level academic qualification has no effect on the probability of being currentlymarried for women aged 25 or above, but increases the probability of the husbandholding some academic qualification and being economically active.33 Halama

Spiral-Induced Star Formation in the Outer Disks of Galaxies

The outer regions of galactic disks have received increased attention since ultraviolet observations with GALEX demonstrated that nearly 30% of galaxies have UV emission beyond their optical extents, indicating star formation activity. These galaxies have been termed extended UV (XUV) disks. Here, we address whether these observations contradict the gas surface density threshold for star formation inferred from Halpha radial profiles of galaxies. We run smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of isolated disk galaxies with fiducial star formation prescriptions and show that over-densities owing to the presence of spiral structure can induce star formation in extended gas disks. For direct comparison with observations, we use the 3-D radiative transfer code Sunrise to create simulated FUV and K_s band images. We find that galaxies classified as Type I XUV disks are a natural consequence of spiral patterns, but we are unable to reproduce Type II XUV disks. We also compare our results to studies of the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation in outer disks.Comment: Published in Ap