The human secretome

The proteins secreted by human cells (collectively referred to as the secretome) are important not only for the basic understanding of human biology but also for the identification of potential targets for future diagnostics and therapies. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of proteins predicted to be secreted in human cells, which provides information about their final localization in the human body, including the proteins actively secreted to peripheral blood. The analysis suggests that a large number of the proteins of the secretome are not secreted out of the cell, but instead are retained intracellularly, whereas another large group of proteins were identified that are predicted to be retained locally at the tissue of expression and not secreted into the blood. Proteins detected in the human blood by mass spectrometry-based proteomics and antibody-based immuno-assays are also presented with estimates of their concentrations in the blood. The results are presented in an updated version 19 of the Human Protein Atlas in which each gene encoding a secretome protein is annotated to provide an open-access knowledge resource of the human secretome, including body-wide expression data, spatial localization data down to the single-cell and subcellular levels, and data about the presence of proteins that are detectable in the blood

Affinity Proteomic Profiling of Plasma, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Brain Tissue within Multiple Sclerosis

Cet article est basé sur une correspondance inédite (1844-1846) entre une femme suisse de la haute société et son médecin, Antoine Despine. La patiente fut soignée à Aix-les-Bains, en Savoie, par les eaux, l’électrothérapie et le magnétisme animal. Cette correspondance est située dans le contexte historique des controverses de l’époque sur le magnétisme animal et, plus précisément, des théories, des pratiques et du style thérapeutique de Despine. L’article s’attache au personnage féminin et il montre comment la relation patient-thérapeute est en interrelation avec un groupe plus large d’adeptes du magnétisme.This article is based on an unpublished correspondence (1844-1846) between an upper-class Swiss woman and her physician, Antoine Despine. The patient was treated in Aix-les-Bains in Savoy by spa water, electrotherapy and mesmerism. This correspondence is situated within an historical context including controversies of that time on animal magnetism and, more precisely, Despine’s theories, practices and therapeutic style. The article focuses on the female character and analyses how the patient-therapist relationship interplays with a larger group of followers of animal magnetism

The relation between Arctic sea ice surface elevation and draft: A case study using coincident AUV sonar and airborne scanning laser

Final published versionData are presented from a survey by airborne scanning laser profilometer and an AUV-mounted, upward looking swath sonar in the spring Beaufort Sea. The air-snow (surface elevation) and water-ice (draft) surfaces were mapped at 1 x 1 m resolution over a 300 x 300 m area. Data were separated into level and deformed ice fractions using the surface roughness of the sonar data. The relation (R = d/f) between draft, d, and surface elevation, f, was then examined. Correlation between top and bottom surfaces was essentially zero at full resolution, requiring averaging over patches of at least 11 m diameter to constrain the relation largely because of the significant error (similar to 15 cm) of the laser instrument. Level ice points were concentrated in two core regions, corresponding to level FY ice and refrozen leads, with variations in R attributed primarily to positive snow thickness variability. Deformed ice displayed a more diffuse "cloud," with draft having a more important role in determining R because of wider deformed features underwater. Averaging over footprints similar to satellite altimeters showed the mean surface elevation (typical of ICESat) to be stable with averaging scale, with R = 3.4 (level) and R = 4.2 (deformed). The "minimum elevation within a footprint" characteristic reported for CryoSat was less stable, significantly overestimating R for level ice (R > 5) and deformed ice (R > 6). The mean draft difference between measurements and isostasy suggests 70 m as an isostatic length scale for level ice. The isostatic scale for deformed ice appears to be longer than accessible with these data (>300 m).University of Delaware. Department of Geography