56 research outputs found
Modeling RR Tel through the Evolution of the Spectra
We investigate the evolution of RR Tel after the outburst by fitting the
emission spectra in two epochs. The first one (1978) is characterized by large
fluctuations in the light curve and the second one (1993) by the slow fading
trend. In the frame of a colliding wind model two shocks are present: the
reverse shock propagates in the direction of the white dwarf and the other one
expands towards or beyond the giant. The results of our modeling show that in
1993 the expanding shock has overcome the system and is propagating in the
nearby ISM. The large fluctuations observed in the 1978 light curve result from
line intensity rather than from continuum variation. These variations are
explained by fragmentation of matter at the time of head-on collision of the
winds from the two stars. A high velocity (500 km/s) wind component is revealed
from the fit of the SED of the continuum in the X-ray range in 1978, but is
quite unobservable in the line profiles. The geometrical thickness of the
emitting clumps is the critical parameter which can explain the short time
scale variabilities of the spectrum and the trend of slow line intensity
decrease.Comment: 26 pages, LaTeX (including 5 Tables) + 6 PostScript figures. To
appear in "The Astrophysical Journal
Is supercomplex organization of the respiratory chain required for optimal electron transfer activity?
AbstractThe supra-molecular assembly of the main respiratory chain enzymatic complexes in the form of “supercomplexes” has been proved by structural and functional experimental evidence. This evidence strongly contrasts the previously accepted Random Diffusion Model stating that the complexes are functionally connected by lateral diffusion of small redox molecules (i.e. Coenzyme Q and cytochrome c).This review critically examines the available evidence and provides an analysis of the functional consequences of the intermolecular association of the respiratory complexes pointing out the role of Coenzyme Q and of cytochrome c as channeled or as freely diffusing intermediates in the electron transfer activity of their partner enzymes
Silicates in D-type symbiotic stars: an ISO overview
We investigate the IR spectral features of a sample of D-type symbiotic
stars. Analyzing unexploited ISO-SWS data, deriving the basic observational
parameters of dust bands and comparing them with respect to those observed in
other astronomical sources, we try to highlight the effect of environment on
grain chemistry and physic. We find strong amorphous silicate emission bands at
10 micron and 18 micron in a large fraction of the sample. The analysis of the
10 micron band, along with a direct comparison with several astronomical
sources, reveals that silicate dust in symbiotic stars shows features between
the characteristic circumstellar environments and the interstellar medium. This
indicates an increasing reprocessing of grains in relation to specific
symbiotic behavior of the objects. A correlation between the central wavelength
of the 10 and 18 micron dust bands is found. By the modeling of IR spectral
lines we investigate also dust grains conditions within the shocked nebulae.
Both the unusual depletion values and the high sputtering efficiency might be
explained by the formation of SiO moleculae, which are known to be a very
reliable shock tracer. We conclude that the signature of dust chemical
disturbance due to symbiotic activity should be looked for in the outer,
circumbinary, expanding shells where the environmental conditions for grain
processing might be achieved. Symbiotic stars are thus attractive targets for
new mid-infrared and mm observations.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables - to be published in A
The remarkable properties of the symbiotic star AE Circinus
We present new optical spectroscopy and photometry, 2MASS infrared
observations and 24 years of combined AAVSO and AFOEV photometry of the
symbiotic star candidate \ae. The long-term light curve is characterized by
outbursts lasting several years and having a slow decline of mag/day. The whole range of variability of the star in the band is
about 4 magnitudes. The periodogram of the photometric data reveals strong
signals at 342 and 171 days. The presence of the emission feature at
6830 \AA at minimum and the detection of absorption lines of a
K5 type star confirm the symbiotic classification and suggest that AE Cir is a
new member of the small group of s-type yellow symbiotic stars. We estimate a
distance of 9.4 kpc. Our spectrum taken at the high state shows a much flatter
spectral energy distribution, the disappearance of the 6830 \AA
emission feature and the weakness of the He II 4686 emission relative to the
Balmer emission lines. Our observations indicate the presence of emission line
flickering in time scales of minutes in 2001. The peculiar character of \ae is
revealed in the visibility of the secondary star at the high and low state, the
light curve resembling a dwarf nova superoutburst and the relatively short low
states. The data are hard to reconciliate with standard models for symbiotic
star outbursts.Comment: accepted for publication in MNRAS, 7 figure
Inhibitor sensitivity of respiratory complex I in human platelets: A possible biomarker of ageing
AbstractNADH-Coenzyme Q reductase was assayed in platelet mitochondrial membranes obtained from 19 pools of two venous blood samples from female young (19–30 years) individuals and 18 pools from aged ones (66–107 years). The enzyme activities were not significantly changed in the two groups, but a decrease of sensitivity to the specific inhibitor, rotenone, occurred in a substantial number of aged individuals. The results are in agreement with the predictions of the mitochondrial theory of ageing and may be used to develop a sensitive biomarker of the ageing process
Formation of a disk-structure and jets in the symbiotic prototype Z And during its 2006-2010 active phase
We present an analysis of spectrophotometric observations of the latest cycle
of activity of the symbiotic binary Z And from 2006 to 2010. We estimate the
temperature of the hot component of Z And to be \approx 150000 - 170000 K at
minimum brightness, decreasing to \approx 90000 K at the brightness maximum.
Our estimate of the electron density in the gaseous nebula is
N_{e}=10^{10}-10^{12} cm^{-3} in the region of formation of lines of neutral
helium and 10^6-10^7 cm^{-3} in the region of formation of the [OIII] and
[NeIII] nebular lines. A trend for the gas density derived from helium lines to
increase and the gas density derived from [OIII] and [NeIII] lines to
simultaneously decrease with increasing brightness of the system was observed.
Our estimates show that the ratios of the theoretical and observed fluxes in
the [OIII] and [NeIII] lines agree best when the O/Ne ratio is similar to its
value for planetary nebulae. The model spectral energy distribution showed
that, in addition to a cool component and gaseous nebula, a relatively cool
pseudophotosphere (5250-11 500 K) is present in the system. The simultaneous
presence of a relatively cool pseudophotosphere and high-ionization spectral
lines is probably related to a disk-like structure of the pseudophotosphere.
The pseudophotosphere formed very rapidly, over several weeks, during a period
of increasing brightness of Z And. We infer that in 2009, as in 2006, the
activity of the system was accompanied by a collimated bipolar ejection of
matter. In contrast to the situation in 2006, the jets were detected even
before the system reached its maximum brightness. Moreover, components with
velocities close to 1200 km/s disappeared at the maximum, while those with
velocities close to 1800 km/s appeared.Comment: 18 pages, 19 figures, Accepted for publication in Astronomy Report
Major changes in complex I activity in mitochondria from aged rats may not be detected by direct assay of NADH:coenzyme Q reductase
FAUST observations of UV sources toward the Virgo cluster
We analyze three UV images covering a 100 square degree field toward the
Virgo cluster,obtained by the FAUST space experiment. We detect 191 sources to
a signal-to-noise ratio of 4.4 and identify 94% of them. Most sources have
optical counterparts in existing catalogs and about half are identified as
galaxies. Some sources with no listed counterpart were observed at the Wise
Observatory. We present the results of low resolution visible spectrophotometry
and discuss the foreground 101 stellar sources and the 76 detected galaxies,
both in the cluster and in the fore- or background. We derive conclusions on
star-formation properties of galaxies and on the total UV flux from discrete
and diffuse sources in the cluster. We test for the presence of intra-cluster
dust, determine the clustering properties of UV emitting galaxies, and derive
the UV luminosity function of Virgo galaxies.Comment: 60 pages, LaTeX (including 5 Tables) + 8 PostScript figures. To
appear in "The Astrophysical Journal
The Continuing Slow Decline of AG Pegasi
We analyze optical and ultraviolet observations of the symbiotic binary AG
Pegasi acquired during 1992-97. The bolometric luminosity of the hot component
declined by a factor of 2-3 from 1980-1985 to 1997. Since 1992, the effective
temperature of the hot component may have declined by 10%-20%, but this decline
is comparable to the measurement errors. Optical observations of H-beta and He
I emission show a clear illumination effect, where high energy photons from the
hot component ionize the outer atmosphere of the red giant. Simple illumination
models generally account for the magnitude of the optical and ultraviolet
emission line fluxes. High ionization emission lines - [Ne V], [Mg V], and [Fe
VII] - suggest mechanical heating in the outer portions of the photoionized red
giant wind. This emission probably originates in a low density region
30-300 AU from the central binary.Comment: 17 pages, 7 pages, 5 tables; to be published in the Astronomical
Journal, July 200
A "Combination Nova" Outburst in Z Andromedae: Nuclear Shell Burning Triggered by a Disk Instability
We describe observational evidence for a new kind of interacting-binary-star
outburst that involves both an accretion instability and an increase in
thermonuclear shell burning on the surface of an accreting white dwarf. We
refer to this new type of eruption as a combination nova. In late 2000, the
prototypical symbiotic star Z Andromedae brightened by roughly two magnitudes
in the optical. We observed the outburst in the radio with the VLA and MERLIN,
in the optical both photometrically and spectroscopically, in the far
ultraviolet with FUSE, and in the X-rays with both Chandra and XMM. The
two-year-long event had three distinct stages. During the first stage, the
optical rise closely resembled an earlier, small outburst that was caused by an
accretion-disk instability. In the second stage, the hot component ejected an
optically thick shell of material. In the third stage, the shell cleared to
reveal a white dwarf whose luminosity remained on the order of 10^4 Lsun for
approximately one year. The eruption was thus too energetic to have been
powered by accretion alone. We propose that the initial burst of accretion was
large enough to trigger enhanced nuclear burning on the surface of the white
dwarf and the ejection of an optically thick shell of material. This outburst
therefore combined elements of both a dwarf nova and a classical nova. Our
results have implications for the long-standing problem of producing shell
flashes with short recurrence times on low-mass white dwarfs in symbiotic
stars.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 24 pages, 10 figure
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