Column generation approaches to bus driver scheduling

The bus driver scheduling problem involves assigning bus work to drivers in such a way that all the bus work is covered and the number of drivers and duty costs is minimised. This is complicated by the fact that there are restrictions on the formation of valid duties. A review of computerised scheduling systems is presented, along with a more detailed description of one such system which uses a set covering model to produce a schedule from a set of previously generated valid duties. This method first solves the Linear Programming relaxation, and then uses Branch and Bound techniques to search for a good integer solution. Improvements to this system are detailed. Most systems which use mathematical programming methods to solve the driver scheduling problem need heuristics to reduce the size of the problem since there are potentially many thousands of valid duties, even for small problems. Column generation is a technique which implicitly considers a much larger number of duties, whilst retaining a much smaller working duty subset. A specialised column generation method is implemented within the existing set covering system, and the results of tests on seven problems presented. Each problem instance is solved with two sizes of duty set, and timings compared to those tested on the set covering system. Results show an average reduction in execution time of 41% using column generation, and the larger data sets yield better schedules in terms of the number of duties and the overall cost

Perceptual Modeling and Reproduction of Gloss

The reproduction of gloss on displays is generally not based on perception and as a consequence does not guarantee the best visualization of a real material. The reproduction is composed of four different steps: measurement, modeling, rendering, and display. The minimum number of measurements required to approximate a real material is unknown. The error metrics used to approximate measurements with analytical BRDF models are not based on perception, and the best visual approximation is not always obtained. Finally, the gloss perception difference between real objects and objects seen on displays has not sufficiently been studied and might be influencing the observer judgement. This thesis proposes a systematic, scalable, and perceptually based workflow to represent real materials on displays. First, the gloss perception difference between real objects and objects seen on displays was studied. Second, the perceptual performance of the error metrics currently in use was evaluated. Third, a projection into a perceptual gloss space was defined, enabling the computation of a perceptual gloss distance measure. Fourth, the uniformity of the gloss space was improved by defining a new gloss difference equation. Finally, a systematic, scalable, and perceptually based workflow was defined using cost-effective instruments

Gender Diversity and Inclusive Education Among Women School Stakeholders in Selected Schools of Cavite: A Grounded Theory Study

The study delved into the lived experiences of women in selected schools of the province of Cavite. The paper utilized grounded theory to propose an explanation on how gender diversity and inclusive education are being understood and appreciated by women in education. The study looked into the manner by which women engaged gender issues that continue to modify and shape the system of education and its environment and eventually craft a way of understanding and implementing education that is inclusive, respectful, soberly value-driven and person-centered. The participants of the research are ten (10) women coming from the education sector. Two (2) of them are professional parents who are also officers of the parents and teachers association. Two (2) of them are graduating students in college who are also leaders in their respective departments. Two (2) are administrators who are also engaged in research and extension. And four (4) are teachers and lecturers coming from the secondary and tertiary level. Six (6) of these women are also members of the focus group for gender awareness and promotion of women’s rights in schools. Results show that women in education claimed that the process of gender diversity and inclusive education is all about a dynamic, person-centered and context-sensitive consideration of gender issues and challenges within the system of education. Women believe that education informs the understanding of gender and vice-versa. Women defined, interpreted and communicated the dynamic meaning of diversity and inclusion within their experience of womanhood, the human person, family-based values, the school and its community. Keywords: Women, gender, diversity, inclusion, education

Introducció del Portafoli de la Universitat de Barcelona. Versió docent en quatre passos

Treballs finals del Màster en Ensenyament i Aprenentatge en Entorns Digitals, Facultat de Pedagogia, Universitat de Barcelona, Any: 2013, Tutora: Ruth Vilà Baño

Importancia del control postural para las A.V.D. en personas con secuelas neurológicas

El ser humano tiene la necesidad de adaptarse a la actividad que se propone, a sus propios desajustes por el movimiento y a los cambios internos. Todo en un entorno determinado y para que ocurra, el cuerpo debe estar preparado para anticiparse, mantenerse y reaccionar ante estas situaciones. Las personas con secuelas neurológicas tienen dificultades para mantenerse en una posición estática y más aún en poder pasar de una postura a otra. No solamente tienen problemas para tomar objetos o levantarse de una silla; por ejemplo, sino que presentan serios inconvenientes para mantener el equilibrio y controlar la postura para poder alcanzar cualquiera de las maniobras referidas anteriormente; de lo que se desprende, que el desarrollo de un buen control postural es requisito indispensable para cualquier manejo de las actividades de la vida diaria (A.V.D.). Y la atención, entendida como uno de los procesos cognitivos que hay que activar para que todo esto suceda, juega un papel importante en éste reaprendizaje motriz. Todas estas habilidades motoras necesitan aprenderse y luego llevarlas al plano de la automatización con un mínimo de dirección consciente. La corteza cerebral necesita relajarse y ocuparse de las estrategias y no tanto ya de la postural, al menos que se requiera una corrección. En este trabajo se pretende explicar que es necesario, activar ciertos mecanismos posturales para mejorar las A.V.D. en estas personas, pero además comprender que hay vías aferentes y eferentes que son las que llevan la información necesaria a sitios determinado para que esto suceda.Departamento de Educación Físic

El diseño como disciplina del arte

El diseño gráfico ¿es o no es un arte? Depende del punto de vista que le des a tus diseños. Si cobras por un diseño obviamente no es arte. El arte se hace por amor a este, sin esperar ganar plata a cambio

Ionospheric tomography using GNSS reflections

In this paper, we report a preliminary analysis of the impact of Global Navigation Satellite System Reflections (GNSS-R) data on ionospheric monitoring over the oceans. The focus will be on a single polar Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) mission exploiting GNSS-R as well as Navigation (GNSS-N) and Occultation (GNSS-O) total electron content (TEC) measurements. In order to assess impact of the data, we have simulated GNSS-R/O/N TEC data as would be measured from the LEO and from International Geodesic Service (IGS) ground stations, with an electron density (ED) field generated using a climatic ionospheric model. We have also developed a new tomographic approach inspired by the physics of the hydrogen atom and used it to effectively retrieve the ED field from the simulated TEC data near the orbital plane. The tomographic inversion results demonstrate the significant impact of GNSS-R: three-dimensional ionospheric ED fields are retrieved over the oceans quite accurately, even as, in the spirit of this initial study, the simulation and inversion approaches avoided intensive computation and sophisticated algorithmic elements (such as spatio-temporal smoothing). We conclude that GNSS-R data over the oceans can contribute significantly to a Global/GNSS Ionospheric Observation System (GIOS). Index Terms Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Navigation Satellite System Reflections (GNSS-R), ionosphere, Low Earth Orbiter (LEO), tomography

Trust and Risk Relationship Analysis on a Workflow Basis: A Use Case

Trust and risk are often seen in proportion to each other; as such, high trust may induce low risk and vice versa. However, recent research argues that trust and risk relationship is implicit rather than proportional. Considering that trust and risk are implicit, this paper proposes for the first time a novel approach to view trust and risk on a basis of a W3C PROV provenance data model applied in a healthcare domain. We argue that high trust in healthcare domain can be placed in data despite of its high risk, and low trust data can have low risk depending on data quality attributes and its provenance. This is demonstrated by our trust and risk models applied to the BII case study data. The proposed theoretical approach first calculates risk values at each workflow step considering PROV concepts and second, aggregates the final risk score for the whole provenance chain. Different from risk model, trust of a workflow is derived by applying DS/AHP method. The results prove our assumption that trust and risk relationship is implicit