Towards a Multi-Objective Optimization of Subgroups for the Discovery of Materials with Exceptional Performance

Artificial intelligence (AI) can accelerate the design of materials by identifying correlations and complex patterns in data. However, AI methods commonly attempt to describe the entire, immense materials space with a single model, while it is typical that different mechanisms govern the materials behaviors across the materials space. The subgroup-discovery (SGD) approach identifies local rules describing exceptional subsets of data with respect to a given target. Thus, SGD can focus on mechanisms leading to exceptional performance. However, the identification of appropriate SG rules requires a careful consideration of the generality-exceptionality tradeoff. Here, we discuss challenges to advance the SGD approach in materials science and analyse the tradeoff between exceptionality and generality based on a Pareto front of SGD solutions

Identifying outstanding transition-metal-alloy heterogeneous catalysts for the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions via subgroup discovery

In order to estimate the reactivity of a large number of potentially complex heterogeneous catalysts while searching for novel and more efficient materials, physical as well as data-centric models have been developed for a faster evaluation of adsorption energies compared to first-principles calculations. However, global models designed to describe as many materials as possible might overlook the very few compounds that have the appropriate adsorption properties to be suitable for a given catalytic process. Here, the subgroup-discovery (SGD) local artificial-intelligence approach is used to identify the key descriptive parameters and constrains on their values, the so-called SG rules, which particularly describe transition-metal surfaces with outstanding adsorption properties for the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. We start from a data set of 95 oxygen adsorption energy values evaluated by density-functional-theory calculations for several monometallic surfaces along with 16 atomic, bulk and surface properties as candidate descriptive parameters. From this data set, SGD identifies constraints on the most relevant parameters describing materials and adsorption sites that (i) result in O adsorption energies within the Sabatier-optimal range required for the oxygen reduction reaction and (ii) present the largest deviations from the linear scaling relations between O and OH adsorption energies, which limit the performance in the oxygen evolution reaction. The SG rules not only reflect the local underlying physicochemical phenomena that result in the desired adsorption properties but also guide the challenging design of alloy catalysts

Direito à educação brasileiro e as capacitações para um ideal de democracia deliberativa

O presente trabalho apresenta o direito à educação brasileiro como um modo de se alcançar um ideal de democracia deliberativa. O ideal propõe decisões mais legítimas, em termos de razão pública, e um senso de responsividade por parte dos representantes. Isso garante que todos cidadãos sejam tratados com igual respeito e consideração. A partir da Abordagem das Capacitações, define-se que, para atingir aquele ideal, são necessários o desenvolvimento de capacitações relacionadas à argumentação, ao pensamento crítico, à retórica e à compaixão. Essas capacitações permitem uma argumentação em termos endossáveis por todos e também uma disposição de ouvir e de se importar com as reivindicações de outras pessoas. O direito à educação brasileiro, como um funcionamento fértil, possui diversas ferramentas para desenvolver essas capacitações – por exemplo: os debates críticos em sala de aula e o ensino de Literatura e outras artes. Consequentemente, a efetivação do direito à educação brasileiro é essencial para tornar o ordenamento jurídico do país mais legítimo.This work presents Brazilian right to education as a way to reach an ideal of deliberative democracy. The ideal proposes more legitm decisions, in terms of public reason, and a sense of accountability by the representatives. This grants that all citizens be treated with equal respect and consideration. Based on Capabilities Approach, it is defined that, in order to achieve that ideal, the development of capabilitiesrelated to argumentation, to critical thinking, to rethoric and to compassion is necessary. Those capabilities enables an argumentation in terms endossable for all and also a willingness to listen and to care about the claims of other people. The Brazilian right to education, as a fertile functioning, has a lot of tools to develop this capabilities – for exemple: the classroom critical debates and the teaching of Literature and other arts. Therefore, the effecting of Brazilian right to education is essential to make the country’s legal order more legitim

Lógica, Direito e Educação: uma análise da estrutura lógico-jurídica do RE 888.815

Resumo SIC - [ógica, Direito e Educação: uma análise da estrutura lógico-jurídica do RE 888.815

Alopecia androgenética feminina: diagnóstico ao tratamento, um relato de caso

Introdução: A alopecia androgenética (AAG) é caracterizada pela queda capilar atrelada a androgênios, associada a diminuição do diâmetro, comprimento e pigmento do fio de cabelo, que se manifesta com o decorrer da idade, em maior proporção após a terceira década de vida na maioria das pacientes do sexo feminino. Neste relato de caso, apresentamos paciente que obteve o diagnóstico de AAG em sua segunda década de vida, sendo submetida a dois tipos de tratamento, obtendo melhora do quadro com o uso de minoxidil e finasterida. Objetivo: descrever e compreender a alopecia androgenética feminina e a importância do diagnóstico e tratamento adequado para a evolução clínica da patologia. Metodologia: este estudo propõe-se desenvolver pesquisa de natureza básica descritiva qualitativa, classificada como estudo de caso, a partir das informações registradas no prontuário da paciente, no laudo do estudo anatomopatológico e demais exames utilizados para o diagnóstico da patologia. Resultados e Discussões: os resultados convergiram para a melhora da patologia apresentada a partir da associação de um vasodilatador (minoxidil) juntamente com um bloqueador da 5-alfa-redutase (finasterida), ambos utilizados via oral. Conclusão: houve efetividade terapêutica no caso relatado, porém há escassez de diferentes tratamentos para a AAG feminina, necessitando de novos estudos a fim de elucidar diferentes vertentes eficazes para o controle da doença

Incidence and factors associated with pericardial effusion after cardiac valve surgery

Introduction: Pericardial effusion (PE) is a postoperative complication of cardiac valve surgery, related to early hospital readmissions and death. We aimed to describe its incidence and to identify predictive factors of moderate-to-severe PE in a contemporary cohort. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all consecutive patients submitted to cardiac valve surgery in a tertiary teaching hospital from January 2012 to July 2014, where echocardiography was routinely performed before patient discharge. Moderate-to-severe PE was defined as ≥ 10 mm of thickness, or signs of cardiac tamponade on echocardiography. Additional clinical and perioperative data were extracted from medical records using a standardized protocol. Results: Of 353 patients, 335 underwent a predischarge echocardiography. From these, 27 patients (8%; mean age: 62 years; standard deviation 12 years; 70% male) had moderate-to-severe PE. These patients had a higher prevalence of previous stroke (22% vs. 8%; p = 0.009) and oral anticoagulation (international normalized ratio > 2) prior to the surgery (11 vs. 2%; P = 0.002). In patients with moderate-to-severe PE, surgeries had longer ischemia (p < 0.001) and cardiopulmonary bypass (p < 0.001) times, and the prevalence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was higher (56% vs. 32%; p = 0.011) than in patients with absent or small PE. Hospital mortality was also higher (15% vs. 3%; p = 0.002) in patients with moderate-to-severe PE. Conclusions: Eight percent of patients submitted to cardiac valve surgery developed moderate-to-severe PE. Moreover, PE was associated with pre- and post-surgery conditions likely related to the coagulation state, though a cause-effect relationship could not be inferred. Noteworthy, this condition was associated with higher in-hospital morbidity and mortality.Keywords: Adult; pericardium; postoperative car