A formação de educadores de adultos implicados no reconhecimento e validação de adquiridos experienciais

O texto trata do processo de formação de educadores de adultos responsáveis pela implementação do reconhecimento e validação de adquiridos experienciais em Portugal. As investigações realizadas neste domínio revelam que, de forma geral, esses educadores não têm uma formação de base específica, no âmbito da educação formal, que os prepare para o desempenho profissional do processo de reconhecimento e validação de adquiridos experienciais, contudo assumem funções que exigem o domínio de metodologias inovadoras e complexas. Deste modo, o texto, ao centrar-se no processo de formação dos educadores de adultos que trabalham no reconhecimento e validação de adquiridos experienciais de adultos pouco escolarizados, visa analisar o modo como eles aprenderam a desempenhar essa atividade profissional. A problematização e a reflexão, apresentadas no texto, são orientadas pelo pressuposto de que a formação é um processo amplo e difuso, que ocorre ao longo da vida, nos múltiplos espaços e tempos. A análise é resultado de uma investigação qualitativa, cujos dados empíricos são oriundos de entrevistas biográficas com educadores de adultos, responsáveis pela implementação do processo de reconhecimento e validação de adquiridos experienciais. Os dados empíricos recolhidos evidenciam que a formação dos educadores de adultos decorreu, essencialmente, da sua experiência profissional no âmbito deste processo. Os educadores de adultos aprenderam com os pares, no contexto de trabalho, através das dinâmicas dos próprios centros de educação de adultos, resultantes da missão, das metodologias utilizadas e da especificidade do processo de reconhecimento e validação de adquiridos experienciais. Deste modo, sua formação resultou do contato direto com a ação, da reflexão e da apropriação das experiências vividas no trabalho.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Insucesso escolar numa perspectiva de género – A Perceção dos alunos

O texto problematiza o insucesso escolar numa perspectiva de género, a partir da perceção de alunos dos ensinos básico e secundário em Portugal. A análise resulta de uma investigação cujos dados empíricos foram recolhidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e de grupos focais. As estatísticas oficiais revelam uma taxa de insucesso escolar maior entre os rapazes, por comparação às raparigas. Todavia, os alunos não refletem, no seu quotidiano, sobre esse fenómeno e naturalizam-no com base em estereótipos de género. A construção de género ocorre em todos os tempos e espaços, incluindo a escola, porém, para os alunos envolvidos nesta pesquisa, o género é construído, sobretudo, no contexto familiar.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Évaluations et apprentissages

Colóquio realizado no Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Lisboa, em Janeiro de 2016info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educadores de adultos no processo de reconhecimento e validação de adquiridos experienciais : percursos profissionais, formação e identidades

A presente investigação, enquadrada no campo das Ciências da Educação, tem por objetivo compreender o percurso profissional, os processos de formação e a identidade profissional de educadores de adultos que trabalharam no reconhecimento, validação e certificação de adquiridos experienciais. O estudo estrutura-se em torno de quatro eixos: 1) percursos escolar e profissional dos educadores de adultos; 2) atividades realizadas pelos educadores de adultos no processo de reconhecimento, validação e certificação de adquiridos experienciais; 3) processos de formação vividos pelos educadores de adultos relacionados com o desempenho da atividade de profissional de RVC; 4) identidade profissional construída pelos educadores de adultos envolvidos no processo de reconhecimento, validação e certificação de adquiridos experienciais. A problemática em estudo enquadra-se em contributos teóricos dos campos da educação e formação de adultos, da sociologia da educação e da sociologia das profissões. A investigação filia-se na metodologia qualitativa e os dados empíricos resultaram de entrevistas biográficas a trinta e dois educadores de adultos envolvidos no processo de reconhecimento, validação e certificação de adquiridos experienciais, a desempenharem a atividade de profissional de RVC. A maioria dos educadores de adultos entrevistados possui como formação de base licenciaturas no domínio das ciências sociais e humanas. Estes profissionais apresentam percursos profissionais diversificados, ligados à área da sua formação de base, no período que antecede a experiência profissional no processo de reconhecimento, validação e certificação de adquiridos experienciais. No exercício da atividade de profissional de RVC estes educadores de adultos asseguram o acompanhamento dos adultos na elaboração e organização do seu portefólio, e promovem o processo de reconhecimento e de validação através da articulação dos adquiridos experienciais do adulto com os elementos dos referenciais. Além disso, asseguram um conjunto de atividades administrativas necessárias ao desenvolvimento do próprio processo. O processo de formação destes profissionais ocorreu, essencialmente, em contexto de trabalho, no confronto com problemas no exercício das suas funções, através de processos de tentativa-erro, de observação e de partilha de informação com colegas que exercem a mesma atividade, e da reflexão sobre a experiência de trabalho. Os dados empíricos revelam que, fruto da diversidade de socializações escolares e profissionais que tiveram lugar ao longo do percurso biográfico e da precariedade que caraterizou as relações de trabalho, a identidade profissional destes educadores de adultos encontra-se fragmentada.This investigation, in the field of Educational Sciences, has as main aim to understand the professional pathway, training processes and professional identity of adult educators who worked in recognition of prior learning. The study is focused on four axes: 1) academic and professional pathways; 2) activities done by adult educators in recognition of prior learning; 3) training processes of adult educators, with the purpose to understand how they have learned to do their job; 4) professional identity and identitary configurations built by adult educators who worked in recognition of prior learning. The issue under study is framed in theoretical contributions from Adult Education and Training, Sociology of Education and Sociology of Professions. The research is based on qualitative methodology, and empirical data are derived from biographical interviews done to thirty two adult educators involved in recognition of prior learning with the job of RPL (recognition of prior learning) Professional. The majority of adult educators interviewed hold higher education degrees in human and social sciences. These professionals had diverse professional pathways linked to their initial training before they became adult educators. While working as RPL Professionals, these adult educators ensure their adults follow up through the elaboration and organization of their portfolio, they also promote the process of recognition and validation through the articulation of prior learning with the referential elements. Additionally, they ensure a set of administrative activities essential for the development of the process itself. The training process of these professionals occurred, essentially, in work context, through problem solving while exercising their functions, trial and error, reflection about their work experience, observation and information sharing with colleagues who carry out the same activity. The empirical data show that, as a result of the diversity of academic and professional socializations that have taken place along the biographical pathways and the precariousness that characterized labor relations, the professional identity of these adult educators is fragmented

Teachers’ perceptions of school failure and dropout from a gender perspective: (re)production of stereotypes in school

This article aims to analyse teachers’ perceptions of school failure and dropout through a gender perspective in the Portuguese context. The statistical data show that, in most OECD countries, the rates of school failure and dropout are higher for boys than for girls. In Portugal, the difference in the school failure and dropout rates for boys and girls is quite significant, and there is a considerable lack of research. This study used a mixed methods design with both quantitative and qualitative data collection. We used a questionnaire and interviews to explore the teachers’ perceptions of school failure and dropout through a gender perspective. The study was based on a performative model, which considers the construction of gender as a continuous and changing process as a result of social interaction in all spaces and at all times of life. We consider that school is a space where gender construction takes place, particularly in the relationships between pupils, and between pupils and teachers, which can have an impact on the pupils’ educational achievement. The data collected show that most teachers are not aware of gender differences in school failure and dropout. When confronted with the national statistics, the teachers do not recognise that the phenomenon is taking place in their schools. The teachers consider that gender differences in school failure and dropout result from personal and family factors, external to school and reveal gender stereotypes based on hegemonic masculinity.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Respiratory support in patients with severe COVID-19 in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection (ISARIC) COVID-19 study: a prospective, multinational, observational study

Background: Up to 30% of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 require advanced respiratory support, including high-flow nasal cannulas (HFNC), non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes and risk factors for failing non-invasive respiratory support in patients treated with severe COVID-19 during the first two years of the pandemic in high-income countries (HICs) and low middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: This is a multinational, multicentre, prospective cohort study embedded in the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Clinical Characterisation Protocol. Patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who required hospital admission were recruited prospectively. Patients treated with HFNC, NIV, or IMV within the first 24 h of hospital admission were included in this study. Descriptive statistics, random forest, and logistic regression analyses were used to describe clinical characteristics and compare clinical outcomes among patients treated with the different types of advanced respiratory support. Results: A total of 66,565 patients were included in this study. Overall, 82.6% of patients were treated in HIC, and 40.6% were admitted to the hospital during the first pandemic wave. During the first 24 h after hospital admission, patients in HICs were more frequently treated with HFNC (48.0%), followed by NIV (38.6%) and IMV (13.4%). In contrast, patients admitted in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) were less frequently treated with HFNC (16.1%) and the majority received IMV (59.1%). The failure rate of non-invasive respiratory support (i.e. HFNC or NIV) was 15.5%, of which 71.2% were from HIC and 28.8% from LMIC. The variables most strongly associated with non-invasive ventilation failure, defined as progression to IMV, were high leukocyte counts at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 5.86 [4.83-7.10]), treatment in an LMIC (OR [95%CI]; 2.04 [1.97-2.11]), and tachypnoea at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 1.16 [1.14-1.18]). Patients who failed HFNC/NIV had a higher 28-day fatality ratio (OR [95%CI]; 1.27 [1.25-1.30]). Conclusions: In the present international cohort, the most frequently used advanced respiratory support was the HFNC. However, IMV was used more often in LMIC. Higher leucocyte count, tachypnoea, and treatment in LMIC were risk factors for HFNC/NIV failure. HFNC/NIV failure was related to worse clinical outcomes, such as 28-day mortality. Trial registration This is a prospective observational study; therefore, no health care interventions were applied to participants, and trial registration is not applicable

Respiratory support in patients with severe COVID-19 in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection (ISARIC) COVID-19 study: a prospective, multinational, observational study

Background: Up to 30% of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 require advanced respiratory support, including high-flow nasal cannulas (HFNC), non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes and risk factors for failing non-invasive respiratory support in patients treated with severe COVID-19 during the first two years of the pandemic in high-income countries (HICs) and low middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: This is a multinational, multicentre, prospective cohort study embedded in the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Clinical Characterisation Protocol. Patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who required hospital admission were recruited prospectively. Patients treated with HFNC, NIV, or IMV within the first 24 h of hospital admission were included in this study. Descriptive statistics, random forest, and logistic regression analyses were used to describe clinical characteristics and compare clinical outcomes among patients treated with the different types of advanced respiratory support. Results: A total of 66,565 patients were included in this study. Overall, 82.6% of patients were treated in HIC, and 40.6% were admitted to the hospital during the first pandemic wave. During the first 24 h after hospital admission, patients in HICs were more frequently treated with HFNC (48.0%), followed by NIV (38.6%) and IMV (13.4%). In contrast, patients admitted in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) were less frequently treated with HFNC (16.1%) and the majority received IMV (59.1%). The failure rate of non-invasive respiratory support (i.e. HFNC or NIV) was 15.5%, of which 71.2% were from HIC and 28.8% from LMIC. The variables most strongly associated with non-invasive ventilation failure, defined as progression to IMV, were high leukocyte counts at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 5.86 [4.83–7.10]), treatment in an LMIC (OR [95%CI]; 2.04 [1.97–2.11]), and tachypnoea at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 1.16 [1.14–1.18]). Patients who failed HFNC/NIV had a higher 28-day fatality ratio (OR [95%CI]; 1.27 [1.25–1.30]). Conclusions: In the present international cohort, the most frequently used advanced respiratory support was the HFNC. However, IMV was used more often in LMIC. Higher leucocyte count, tachypnoea, and treatment in LMIC were risk factors for HFNC/NIV failure. HFNC/NIV failure was related to worse clinical outcomes, such as 28-day mortality. Trial registration This is a prospective observational study; therefore, no health care interventions were applied to participants, and trial registration is not applicable

Thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications of COVID-19 in adults hospitalized in high-income countries compared with those in adults hospitalized in low- and middle-income countries in an international registry

Background: COVID-19 has been associated with a broad range of thromboembolic, ischemic, and hemorrhagic complications (coagulopathy complications). Most studies have focused on patients with severe disease from high-income countries (HICs). Objectives: The main aims were to compare the frequency of coagulopathy complications in developing countries (low- and middle-income countries [LMICs]) with those in HICs, delineate the frequency across a range of treatment levels, and determine associations with in-hospital mortality. Methods: Adult patients enrolled in an observational, multinational registry, the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections COVID-19 study, between January 1, 2020, and September 15, 2021, met inclusion criteria, including admission to a hospital for laboratory-confirmed, acute COVID-19 and data on complications and survival. The advanced-treatment cohort received care, such as admission to the intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, or inotropes or vasopressors; the basic-treatment cohort did not receive any of these interventions. Results: The study population included 495,682 patients from 52 countries, with 63% from LMICs and 85% in the basic treatment cohort. The frequency of coagulopathy complications was higher in HICs (0.76%-3.4%) than in LMICs (0.09%-1.22%). Complications were more frequent in the advanced-treatment cohort than in the basic-treatment cohort. Coagulopathy complications were associated with increased in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.52-1.64). The increased mortality associated with these complications was higher in LMICs (58.5%) than in HICs (35.4%). After controlling for coagulopathy complications, treatment intensity, and multiple other factors, the mortality was higher among patients in LMICs than among patients in HICs (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.39-1.51). Conclusion: In a large, international registry of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, coagulopathy complications were more frequent in HICs than in LMICs (developing countries). Increased mortality associated with coagulopathy complications was of a greater magnitude among patients in LMICs. Additional research is needed regarding timely diagnosis of and intervention for coagulation derangements associated with COVID-19, particularly for limited-resource settings

Characteristics and outcomes of an international cohort of 600 000 hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Background: We describe demographic features, treatments and clinical outcomes in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 cohort, one of the world's largest international, standardized data sets concerning hospitalized patients. Methods: The data set analysed includes COVID-19 patients hospitalized between January 2020 and January 2022 in 52 countries. We investigated how symptoms on admission, co-morbidities, risk factors and treatments varied by age, sex and other characteristics. We used Cox regression models to investigate associations between demographics, symptoms, co-morbidities and other factors with risk of death, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Results: Data were available for 689 572 patients with laboratory-confirmed (91.1%) or clinically diagnosed (8.9%) SARS-CoV-2 infection from 52 countries. Age [adjusted hazard ratio per 10 years 1.49 (95% CI 1.48, 1.49)] and male sex [1.23 (1.21, 1.24)] were associated with a higher risk of death. Rates of admission to an ICU and use of IMV increased with age up to age 60 years then dropped. Symptoms, co-morbidities and treatments varied by age and had varied associations with clinical outcomes. The case-fatality ratio varied by country partly due to differences in the clinical characteristics of recruited patients and was on average 21.5%. Conclusions: Age was the strongest determinant of risk of death, with a ∼30-fold difference between the oldest and youngest groups; each of the co-morbidities included was associated with up to an almost 2-fold increase in risk. Smoking and obesity were also associated with a higher risk of death. The size of our international database and the standardized data collection method make this study a comprehensive international description of COVID-19 clinical features. Our findings may inform strategies that involve prioritization of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who have a higher risk of death

ISARIC-COVID-19 dataset: A Prospective, Standardized, Global Dataset of Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19

The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 dataset is one of the largest international databases of prospectively collected clinical data on people hospitalized with COVID-19. This dataset was compiled during the COVID-19 pandemic by a network of hospitals that collect data using the ISARIC-World Health Organization Clinical Characterization Protocol and data tools. The database includes data from more than 705,000 patients, collected in more than 60 countries and 1,500 centres worldwide. Patient data are available from acute hospital admissions with COVID-19 and outpatient follow-ups. The data include signs and symptoms, pre-existing comorbidities, vital signs, chronic and acute treatments, complications, dates of hospitalization and discharge, mortality, viral strains, vaccination status, and other data. Here, we present the dataset characteristics, explain its architecture and how to gain access, and provide tools to facilitate its use