Alternativas ao XML: YAML e JSON

O XML tem sido eleito como a linguagem de anotação por excelência, possuindo ao mesmo tempo boas capacidades para serialização de estruturas computacionais e transporte de dados independente da plataforma. Recentemente porém, novos formatos de dados têm surgido. Alguns deles têm tido uma boa aceitação porque resolvem alguns problemas ou limitações do XML, sendo em algumas situações um bom complemento ou substituto do mesmo. Neste artigo iremos apresentar dois desses formatos de dados - o YAML e o JSON - fazendo uma abordagem geral dos mesmos e analisando algumas métricas que nos poderão ajudar a decidir se e quando usar estas alternativas

Makefile : parallel dependency specification language

Some processes are not easy to be programmed from scratch for parallel machines (clusters), but can be easily split on simple steps. Makefile::Parallel is a tool which lets users to specify how processes depend on each other. The language syntax resembles the well known Makefile makefiles format, but instead of specifying files or targets dependencies, Makefile::Parallel specifies processes (or jobs) dependencies. The scheduler submits jobs to the cluster scheduler (in our case, Rocks PBS) waiting them to end. When each process finishes, dependencies are calculated and direct dependent jobs are submitted. Makefile::Parallel language includes features to specify parametric rules, used to split and join processes dependencies. Some tasks can be split into n smaller jobs working on different portions of files. At the end, another process can be used to join the results.Partially supported by grant POSI/PLP/43931/2001 from Fundacao para a Cienciae Tecnologia (Portugal), co-financed by POSI

Webpaper: más perguntas e boas respostas : a arte de interrogar

Neste documento apresentamos o conceito de WebPaper, a resposta a um conjunto de questões de vários graus de dificuldade usando como recurso base a Internet. Em primeiro lugar é discutido o conceito de WebPaper e o tipo de questões que são colocadas. Em seguida são descritas as experiências já realizadas e em que contextos. Finalmente, apresentamos uma framework para a ajuda na realização de WebPapers.In this document we present the concept of WebPaper, a question-answering contest for humans using the Internet as a resource. First, we discuss the concept of WebPaper and the kind of questions used. Second, we describe the experiments permorfed and their contexts. Finally, we present a framework for the creation of WebPapers

Cálculo da pegada carbónica do vinho produzido na Herdade dos Grous

Tese de mestrado integrado, Engenharia da Energia e do Ambiente, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2019A indústria vitivinícola, sendo um player ativo em emissões de gases com efeito de estufa para a atmosfera tem, neste seguimento, vindo a procurar desenvolver ações que minimizem os impactos da produção de vinho no ambiente. Neste seguimento a Comissão Vitivinícola Regional Alentejana desenvolveu uma iniciativa pioneira em Portugal, o Plano de Sustentabilidade dos Vinhos do Alentejo que traçou um plano a ser seguido por todas as entidades associadas, com o intuito de melhorarem o seu desempenho no âmbito da sustentabilidade do setor. Os trabalhos desenvolvidos nesta dissertação estão englobados numa vertente mais ambiental do Plano de Sustentabilidade dos Vinhos do Alentejo. Pretendeu-se estudar, para os anos de 2016, 2017 e 2018, todo o ciclo de vida do vinho produzido na Herdade dos Grous com o objetivo de obter um valor final da pegada carbónica de uma garrafa de vinho. Deste modo, procedeu-se a um estudo pormenorizado das possíveis variáveis emissoras de gases com efeito de estufa desde a produção das uvas na vinha, passando pela vinificação, embalamento até à distribuição do produto final. Desenvolveu-se ainda um estudo com vista a verificar quantos painéis fotovoltaicos anulariam a pegada carbónica do vinho. Os resultados deste trabalho mostram que a Herdade dos Grous reduziu a sua pegada carbónica em cerca de 11% desde 2016, tendo esta se situado em 1,71 kg CO2(eq) por garrafa no ano de 2018, não considerando emissões biogénicas. No ano de 2018, o embalamento demonstrou ser a variável que mais peso tem no valor final (88,6%) tendo a viticultura ficado em segundo lugar (15,6%). Em terceiro lugar ficou a vinificação tendo representado 9,4% e por último a distribuição representou 4,3% das emissões. Relativamente ao caso de estudo realizado, chegou-se à conclusão que a instalação de cerca de 6750 módulos fotovoltaicos anularia a pegada carbónica do vinho produzido na Herdade dos Grous.The wine industry, being an active player in greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere has, in this sequence, been seeking to develop actions that minimize the impacts of wine production on the environment. Following this, the Comissão Vitivinícola Regional Alentejana has developed a pioneer initiative in Portugal, the Plano de Sustentabilidade dos Vinhos do Alentejo, which has outlined a plan to be followed by all associated entities, with the aim of improving their performance within the sector's sustainability. The works developed in this dissertation are included in a more environmental aspect of the Plano de Sustentabilidade dos Vinhos do Alentejo. It was intended to study, for 2016, 2017 and 2018, the whole life cycle of the wine produced in Herdade dos Grous with the objective of obtaining a final value of the carbon footprint of a wine bottle. Thus, a detailed study of the possible greenhouse gas emitting variables was carried out from the production of the grapes in the vineyard, through the vinification, packaging and distribution of the final product. A study was also conducted to see how many photovoltaic panels would nullify the carbon footprint of wine. The results of this work show that Herdade dos Grous has reduced its carbon footprint by about 11% since 2016, having been 1.36 kg CO2eq per bottle in 2018, not accounting with biogenic emissions. In 2018, packaging proved to be the variable that more weight has in the final value (88,6%), with viticulture in second place (15,6%). In third place was the winemaking fase representing 9,4% and finally the distribution represented 4,3% of the total emissions. Regarding the case study, it was concluded that the installation of about 6750 photovoltaic modules would nullify the carbon footprint of the wine

Identificação da combinação ótima das fontes de energia renovável de origem hídrica, eólica e fotovoltaica para a integração no sistema elétrico português

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica Ramo de EnergiaA energia dos séculos passados encontrava-se monopolizada pelas energias fósseis, uma opção que conduziu ao desgaste do meio ambiente e do planeta. Atualmente estudam-se alternativas a essas energias com objetivos como a redução dos impactos ambientais – como o efeito estufa – ou a autossuficiência dos países na redução das suas importações de energia, para além dessas energias permitirem a execução das normas e diretivas impostas pela união europeia como a 20-20-20. Esses estudos despertaram interesse e contribuíram para a escolha do tema do trabalho. O tema aborda as potencialidades que advêm da combinação de três energias renováveis – hídrica; eólica e fotovoltaica – que resultam numa combinação energética. A procura da combinação de energia renovável ótima é feito de maneira a ser integrado no sistema de energia elétrica, alcançando as metas propostas pelas diretivas da união europeia numa forma mais eficiente. Uma energia por si só não possibilita o acompanhamento entre o perfil da energia renovável e o perfil do consumo. No entanto a combinação de três energias já o permite, devido à maior complementaridade entre as fontes tornando o diagrama do perfil renovável mais constante. O trabalho foca-se apenas em Portugal – apesar do crescimento de uso destas energias no estrangeiro – para os anos de 2011 e 2012 na tentativa de compreender a situação em que se encontrava e de que forma poderá melhorar com base na identificação do mix ótimo e das energias renováveis. De acordo com esse aspeto o trabalho começa por ter em conta a variância da produção térmica e a análise dos seus custos. O objetivo para ambos os casos é a minimização destes dois fatores de forma a saber quais as capacidades instaladas para cada uma das fontes renováveis em estudo. Para se conseguir alcançar os objetivos traçados neste trabalho foi necessário fazer-se uma análise matemática e estatística. Essa foi seguida de uma investigação dos recursos renováveis estudados e da análise do modelo utilizado para se obter os resultados da otimização e para a criação dos cenários testados.Abstract: In the late centuries the energy was monopolized by the fossil energy, an option that led to the wear out of the environment and the planet. In the present time alternatives are being studied with other purposes, like searching for other energies that will reduce environmental impacts – like greenhouse effect – or it will allow the countries to be self-sufficiency by reducing their energy imports. Those energies also allow the execution of the standards and directives imposed by the European Union, such as the 20-20-20. These studies drew attention and contributed to the choice of the thesis theme. That theme focuses the arising potential from the combination of three renewable energies -hydro; wind and photovoltaic - resulting in an energy combination. The search for the optimal combination of renewable energy is done with the purpose of being integrated in the electricity system and accomplishes the proposals for the European Union directives in order to achieve more efficient goals. A sole energy does not allow tracking between the profile of renewable energy and the demand profile. But the combination of three energies allows that, due to a greater complementarity between the sources that makes more constant the diagram of the profile of renewable energy. This work focuses only on Portugal - in spite of the growing use of these energiesin foreign countries- for the years of 2011 and 2012, in an attempt to understand the situation in these years and how it can be improved, based on the identification of the optimal mix and renewable energy. According to this line of work it begins by taking account of the variance of the thermal production and by analyzing its costs. The aim in both cases is the minimization of these two factors in order to know what is the installed capacity for each renewable source under study. To be able to achieve the aims for this work it was necessary to do a mathematical and statistical analysis. That was followed by an investigation of the renewable resources already studied and by the analysis of the model used in order to obtain the results of the optimization and for the creation of test scenarios

Laboratory biomarkers associated to death in the first three COVID-19 waves in Portugal

Funding Information: This study is inserted in the project Predictive Models of COVID-19 Outcomes for Higher Risk Patients Towards a Precision Medicine (PREMO), supported by Fundação para Publisher Copyright: © 2023 IEEE.Besides the pandemic being over, new SARS-CoV-2 lineages, and sub-lineages, still pose risks to global health. Thus, in this preliminary study, to better understand the characteristics of COVID-19 patients and the effect of certain hematologic biomarkers on their outcome, we analyzed data from 337 patients admitted to the ICU of a single-center hospital in Lisbon, Portugal, in the first three waves of the pandemic. Most patients belonged to the second (40.4%) and third (41.2%) waves. The ones from the first wave were significantly older and relied more on respiratory techniques like invasive mechanic ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. There were no significant differences between waves regarding mortality in the ICU. In general, non-survivors had worse laboratory results. Biomarkers significantly associated with death changed depending on the waves. Increased high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I results, and lower eosinophil counts were associated to death in all waves. In the second and third waves, the international normalized ratio, lymphocyte counts, and neutrophil counts were also associated to mortality. A higher risk of death was linked to increased myoglobin results in the first two waves, as well as increased creatine kinase results, and lower platelet counts in the third wave.publishersversionpublishe

Fire behaviour of protected W-S-W connections with a steel plate as the central member and different dowels diameter

The main objective of this work is to present wood-steel-wood (W-S-W) connections in double-shear, joined by steel dowel fasteners and a steel plate as the central member. For each studied connection, different dowel diameters and external applied tensile loads in fire situation shall be taken in account. Considering the rules presented in Eurocode 5, part 1-1 and 1-2, the calculated number of dowels will be arranged in lines and columns and carry out an imposed spacing between the connectors. This work is intended to study the W-S-W connection exposed to fire using the standard curve ISO834. In the wood plates will be used a glue laminated wood, as yellow birch, with characteristics equals to GL28H. For protected connections three types of gypsum will be used in order to obtain a better insulation. Simplified equations from Eurocode 5, part 1-1 and 1-2, will be used to verify the behaviour of the connections at high temperature. A numerical procedure based on finite element method was also implemented to produce simulations focused on thermal analysis. The comparison of several results between analytical and numerical calculations showed a favourable accordance. The numerical model permits verify the effect of the steel dowels, steel plate and gypsum in the wood charring rate evolution. Even though the connection can resist for thirty minutes, is possible to observe the char layer both on protected and unprotected connection being the last the most affected.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comparison of Analytical Methods Of Serum Untargeted Metabolomics

Funding Information: IV. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), grant DSAIPA/DS/0117/2020 and RNEM-LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022125 (Portuguese Mass Spectrometry Network). Centro de Química Estrutural is a Research Unit funded by FCT through projects UIDB/00100/2020 and UIDP/00100/2020. Institute of Molecular Sciences is an Associate Laboratory funded by FCT through project LA/P/0056/2020. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 IEEE.Metabolomics has emerged as a powerful tool in the discovery of new biomarkers for medical diagnosis and prognosis. However, there are numerous challenges, such as the methods used to characterize the system metabolome. In the present work, the comparison of two analytical platforms to acquire the serum metabolome of critically ill patients was conducted. The untargeted serum metabolome analysis by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) enabled to identify a set of metabolites statistically different between deceased and discharged patients. This set of metabolites also enabled to develop a very good predictive model, based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 100%, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was also applied in a high-throughput, simple and rapid mode to analyze the serum metabolome. Despite this technique not enabling the identification of metabolites, it allowed to identify molecular fingerprints associated to each patient group, while leading to a good predictive model, based on principal component analysis-LDA, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 90%, respectively. Therefore, both analytical techniques presented complementary characteristics, that should be further explored for metabolome characterization and application as for biomarkers discovery for medical diagnosis and prognosis.publishersversionpublishe