Replacement of alfalfa hay for tropical legumes in goats diets / Substituição do feno de alfafa pelo de leguminosas tropicais em dietas de caprinos

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alfalfa hay replacement by tropical legume hay on goat diets. Four diets were formulated using: 1) perennial soybean hay; 2) tropical kudzu; 3) macrotiloma and 4) alfalfa, in a roughage/concentrate ratio of 25/75. Eight castrated crossbred (Boer x Saanen) animals, with a mean weight of 17.8 kg (4 months of age), were arranged in a 4 x 4 double Latin Square Design. Intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), total carbohydrates (TC), ether extract (EE), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were not affected by the legume species. On the other hand, the intake of acid detergent fiber (ADF) was lower in the diet formulated with alfalfa, compared to the other legumes (P<0.05), since this presented lower levels in this diet. The digestibility of DM, OM, CP, ADF, TC and NFC did not differ among the four treatments (P>0.05). However, EE digestibility was lower in the diet with alfalfa compared to ration with tropical kudzu and perennial soybeans. The digestibility of this constituent between the diet formulated with tropical kudzu and those formulated with macrotiloma and perennial soybean (P < 0.05), and the digestibility of the NDF of the ration prepared with perennial soybean was higher than the other legumes. There was no difference for the nitrogen balance between the different diets, indicating that these legumes are options for replacement of alfalfa hay in goat diets

Relação entre sintomas de depressão, índice de massa corporal e prática de atividade física dos alunos do Centro Universitário Una, Belo Horizonte / Relationship between depression symptoms, body mass index and physical activity of students at Centro Universitário Una, Belo Horizonte

Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde havia 11 milhões de pessoas com depressão no Brasil em 2015, correspondendo a 5,8% da população total, um dado bastante preocupante. Alguns estudos associam o índice de massa corporal e a prática de atividade física, com os sintomas depressivos. Assim este estudo, busca avaliar a relação entre sintomas de depressão, índice de massa corporal e prática de atividade física nos alunos do Centro Universitário Una. Estudo transversal realizado por meio de um formulário online disponibilizado através de link divulgado em redes sociais para os estudantes do Centro Universitário Una, no período de março de 2020 a abril de 2020. Coletaram-se dados sociodemográficos: gênero, idade, curso e período, estado civil, trabalham ou não; dados antropométricos: peso, altura para cálculo do índice de massa corporal, prática de atividade física; dados dos sintomas de depressão: aplicação da escala de Depressão de Beck. Os resultados mostraram que os alunos avaliados com excesso de peso apresentaram sintomas leves a moderados (44,8%) e 10,34% apresentavam sintomas graves. Nos alunos não praticantes de atividade física, 34% apresentaram sintomas ausentes ou mínimos, 32% sintomas leves a moderados e 28% sintomas moderados a graves. Houve uma prevalência de alguns sintomas depressivos em todos os estudantes com o índice de massa corporal caracterizado como excesso de peso e a atividade física pode ter um impacto positivo amenizando sintomas depressivos

O papel da semaglutida no tratamento e progressão da doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica

The integrative review aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of semaglutide treatment in managing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), addressing its impact on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis across different patient populations. Initially, 187 studies were retrieved, of which 145 were excluded for not meeting specific inclusion criteria. Following a more detailed evaluation, 5 studies were selected and included in the review. Results highlight the pleiotropic effects of semaglutide, demonstrating improvements in NASLD markers and significant reduction in cardiovascular risks. Studies in human patients showed glycemic control and weight reduction, while animal model studies revealed improvements in liver function and lipid composition. Research by Soto-Catalán et al. suggested that the effects of semaglutide may directly affect the liver, irrespective of food intake, providing a complementary perspective to human studies. The importance of these findings in clinical management of NAFLD is underscored, pointing to the need for further research to further elucidate the therapeutic effects of semaglutide in this condition.A revisão integrativa buscou avaliar a eficácia e segurança do tratamento com semaglutida na gestão da Doenças hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA), abordando seu impacto na esteato-hepatite não alcoólica em diferentes populações de pacientes. Inicialmente, 187 estudos foram recuperados, dos quais 145 foram excluídos por não atenderem aos critérios de inclusão específicos. Após uma avaliação mais detalhada, 5 estudos foram selecionados e incluídos na revisão. Resultados destacam os efeitos pleiotrópicos do semaglutida, evidenciando melhorias nos marcadores de DHGNA e redução significativa dos riscos cardiovasculares. Estudos em pacientes humanos mostraram controle glicêmico e redução de peso, enquanto estudos em modelo animal revelaram melhorias na função hepática e composição lipídica. A pesquisa de Soto-Catalán et al. sugeriu que os efeitos do semaglutida podem ser diretos sobre o fígado, independentemente da ingestão de alimentos, fornecendo uma perspectiva complementar aos estudos em humanos. A importância desses achados na gestão clínica da DHGNA e apontam para a necessidade de mais pesquisas para elucidar ainda mais os efeitos terapêuticos do semaglutida nesta condição

Fratura periprotética de quadril - Vancouver tipo A: Periprosthetic hip fracture - Vancouver type A

Introdução: As  fraturas  periprotéticas  de  quadril  são uma  complicação  grave e com elevado índice de morbimortalidade observadas  após abordagens   cirúrgicas,   como   artroplastia   de   quadril   e  cirurgias   de   revisão. Ocorrem mais frequentemente ao redor do componente femoral em relação ao acetabular. Essa complicação  está  relacionada  a  fatores  que  são  avaliados  por  meio  do  sistema  de Vancouver,   possibilitando   definir   a   melhor   forma   de   abordagem   e   cuidados   da complicação. Apresentação do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 60 anos de idade, admitida no Hospital Universitário Risoleta Tolentino Neves (UFMG), com uma fratura tipo A, que tem localização trocantérica e pode se manifestar no trocanter femoral maior ou menor. Discussão: Com o aumento da longevidade, a idade média da população vem aumentando, e com isso o número de intervenções cirúrgicas também aumentam, principalmente as artroplastias de quadril. O que leva a um maior número de situações que envolvem complicações pós-cirúrgicas. Com mais episódios de fraturas periprotéticas, torna-se importante uma melhor avaliação dos quadros para melhor conduta e elucidação de eventuais complicações. Conclusão: Ao se constatar uma fratura periprotética de quadril, deve-se classificar a mesma seguindo o sistema de Vancouver que é dividido em três tipos A, B e C. Essa classificação vai ditar como será a abordagem mais assertiva para  resolução do quadro do pacient

Updated cardiovascular prevention guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology: 2019

Sem informação113478788

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (USMR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings Global U5MR decreased from 71.2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval WI] 68.3-74-0) in 2000 to 37.1 (33.2-41.7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28.0 deaths per 1000 live births (26.8-29-5) in 2000 to 17.9 (16.3-19-8) in 2019. In 2019,136 (67%) of 204 countries had a USMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030,154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9.65 million (95% UI 9.05-10.30) in 2000 and 5.05 million (4.27-6.02) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3.76 million 95% UI 3.53-4.021) in 2000 to 48% (2.42 million; 2.06-2.86) in 2019. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0.80 (95% UI 0.71-0.86) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1.44 (95% UI 1-27-1.58) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1.87 million (95% UI 1-35-2.58; 37% 95% UI 32-43]) of 5.05 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. Interpretation Global child mortality declined by almost half between 2000 and 2019, but progress remains slower in neonates and 65 (32%) of 204 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, are not on track to meet either SDG 3.2 target by 2030. Focused improvements in perinatal and newborn care, continued and expanded delivery of essential interventions such as vaccination and infection prevention, an enhanced focus on equity, continued focus on poverty reduction and education, and investment in strengthening health systems across the development spectrum have the potential to substantially improve USMR. Given the widespread effects of COVID-19, considerable effort will be required to maintain and accelerate progress. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd

Verbal fluency tests reliability in a Brazilian multicentric study, ELSA-Brasil

Verbal Fluency Tests (VFT) are commonly used to assess executive functions and language in clinical and epidemiological studies. These tests were included to access cognitive function and predictors to its decline in ELSA-Brasil (Longitudinal Study of Adults' Health), a cohort that investigates incidence and predictors of chronic diseases among 15,000 civil servants from six public educational institutions. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability of VFT scoring by supervisors of. ELSA research centers, who independently judged 120 category (animals) and 120 phonemic (F letter) tests. METHOD: Their scores were compared to a reference standard score obtained by independent judgment of two experts. Intraclass correlation coefficient ratings reliability and Bland-Altman plot examined patterns of ratings disagreement. RESULTS: Scores were very similar among ELSA centers and a high level of agreement was observed between each center and the reference standard. CONCLUSION: The high consistency of VFT scores confirms reliability and validity of the test and assures quality for its use in multicenter studies