1,280 research outputs found
Forgiveness and interpersonal skills in same-sexed friendships
Although forgiveness is a largely interpersonal process, little research has examined the relationship between forgiveness and the interpersonal skills that may be important in forgiving another for an offence. The current study addressed this issue by investigating the relationship between forgiveness and interpersonal skills in same-sexed friendships among a community sample of 210 people (mean age 38.32 years). Each participant completed the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (Thompson et al., 2005), which assesses forgiveness of self, others, and situations; and the same-sex friend version of the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (Buhrmester, Furman, Wittenberg, & Reis, 1988) which assesses skills in initiation, negative assertion, self-disclosure, emotional support, and conflict management. Positive correlations were found between all five interpersonal skills and the three types of forgiveness, with only the relationship between forgiveness of others and negative assertion failing to reach significance. Separate hierarchical regressions were conducted to predict each type of forgiveness, with age and gender entered at Step 1 and the interpersonal skills variables entered at Step 2. Age, initiation skills, and conflict management skills each contributed uniquely to the prediction of all three types of forgiveness. Discussion centres around the relationship between forgiveness and interpersonal skills
Graded-index optical fiber emulator of an interacting three-atom system: illumination control of particle statistics and classical non-separability
We show that a system of three trapped ultracold and strongly interacting
atoms in one-dimension can be emulated using an optical fiber with a
graded-index profile and thin metallic slabs. While the wave-nature of single
quantum particles leads to direct and well known analogies with classical
optics, for interacting many-particle systems with unrestricted statistics such
analoga are not straightforward. Here we study the symmetries present in the
fiber eigenstates by using discrete group theory and show that, by spatially
modulating the incident field, one can select the atomic statistics, i.e.,
emulate a system of three bosons, fermions or two bosons or fermions plus an
additional distinguishable particle. We also show that the optical system is
able to produce classical non-separability resembling that found in the
analogous atomic system.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Spot-fire distance increases disproportionately for wildfires compared to prescribed fires as grasslands transition to \u3ci\u3eJuniperus\u3c/i\u3e woodlands
Woody encroachment is one of the greatest threats to grasslands globally, depleting a suite of ecosystem services, including forage production and grassland biodiversity. Recent evidence also suggests that woody encroachment increases wildfire danger, particularly in the Great Plains of North America, where highly volatile Juniperus spp. convert grasslands to an alternative woodland state. Spot-fire distances are a critical component of wildfire danger, describing the distance over which embers from one fire can cause a new fire ignition, potentially far away from fire suppression personnel. We assess changes in spot-fire distances as grasslands experience Juniperus encroachment to an alternative woodland state and how spot-fire distances differ under typical prescribed fire conditions compared to conditions observed during wildfire. We use BehavePlus to calculate spot-fire distances for these scenarios within the Loess Canyons Experimental Landscape, Nebraska, U.S.A., a 73,000-ha ecoregion where private-lands fire management is used to reduce woody encroachment and prevent further expansion of Juniperus fuels. We found prescribed fire used to control woody encroachment had lower maximum spot-fire distances compared to wildfires and, correspondingly, a lower amount of land area at risk to spot-fire occurrence. Under more extreme wildfire scenarios, spot-fire distances were 2 times higher in grasslands, and over 3 times higher in encroached grasslands and Juniperus woodlands compared to fires burned under prescribed fire conditions. Maximum spot-fire distance was 450% greater in Juniperus woodlands compared to grasslands and exposed an additional 14,000 ha of receptive fuels, on average, to spot-fire occurrence within the Loess Canyons Experimental Landscape. This study demonstrates that woody encroachment drastically increases risks associated with wildfire, and that spot fire distances associated with woody encroachment are much lower in prescribed fires used to control woody encroachment compared to wildfires
Fast and Slow Rotators in the Densest Environments: a SWIFT IFS study of the Coma Cluster
We present integral-field spectroscopy of 27 galaxies in the Coma cluster
observed with the Oxford SWIFT spectrograph, exploring the kinematic
morphology-density relationship in a cluster environment richer and denser than
any in the ATLAS3D survey. Our new data enables comparison of the kinematic
morphology relation in three very different clusters (Virgo, Coma and Abell
1689) as well as to the field/group environment. The Coma sample was selected
to match the parent luminosity and ellipticity distributions of the early-type
population within a radius 15' (0.43 Mpc) of the cluster centre, and is limited
to r' = 16 mag (equivalent to M_K = -21.5 mag), sampling one third of that
population. From analysis of the lambda-ellipticity diagram, we find 15+-6% of
early-type galaxies are slow rotators; this is identical to the fraction found
in the field and the average fraction in the Virgo cluster, based on the
ATLAS3D data. It is also identical to the average fraction found recently in
Abell 1689 by D'Eugenio et al.. Thus it appears that the average slow rotator
fraction of early type galaxies remains remarkably constant across many
different environments, spanning five orders of magnitude in galaxy number
density. However, within each cluster the slow rotators are generally found in
regions of higher projected density, possibly as a result of mass segregation
by dynamical friction. These results provide firm constraints on the mechanisms
that produce early-type galaxies: they must maintain a fixed ratio between the
number of fast rotators and slow rotators while also allowing the total
early-type fraction to increase in clusters relative to the field. A complete
survey of Coma, sampling hundreds rather than tens of galaxies, could probe a
more representative volume of Coma and provide significantly stronger
constraints, particularly on how the slow rotator fraction varies at larger
radii.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Unveiling the nature of kinematically offset active galactic nuclei
We have observed two kinematically offset active galactic nuclei (AGN), whose
ionised gas is at a different line-of-sight velocity to their host galaxies,
with the SAMI integral field spectrograph (IFS). One of the galaxies shows gas
kinematics very different to the stellar kinematics, indicating a recent merger
or accretion event. We demonstrate that the star formation associated with this
event was triggered within the last 100 Myr. The other galaxy shows simple disc
rotation in both gas and stellar kinematics, aligned with each other, but in
the central region has signatures of an outflow driven by the AGN. Other than
the outflow, neither galaxy shows any discontinuity in the ionised gas
kinematics at the galaxy's centre. We conclude that in these two cases there is
no direct evidence of the AGN being in a supermassive black hole binary system.
Our study demonstrates that selecting kinematically offset AGN from
single-fibre spectroscopy provides, by definition, samples of kinematically
peculiar objects, but IFS or other data are required to determine their true
nature.Comment: MNRAS accepted. 14 pages, 11 figure
The Effect of Fertilization on Biomass and Metabolism in North Carolina Salt Marshes: Modulated by Location-Specific Factors
The resilience of salt marshes to sea level rise depends on vertical accretion through belowground biomass production and sediment deposition to maintain elevation above sea level. Increased nitrogen (N) availability from anthropogenic sources may stimulate aboveground biomass production and sediment deposition and, thus, accretion; however, increased N may also negatively impact marsh accretion by decreasing belowground biomass and increasing net CO2 emissions. A study was conducted in Spartina alterniflora‐dominated salt marshes in North Carolina, USA, to determine how responses to fertilization vary across locations with different physical and chemical characteristics. Pore water residence time, inundation time, and proximity to tidal creeks drove spatial differences in pore water sulfide, ammonium, and dissolved carbon concentrations. Although annual respiration and gross primary production were greater at the creek edge than interior marsh sites, net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) was nearly balanced at all the sites. Fertilization decreased belowground biomass in the interior sites but not on the creek edge. Aboveground biomass, respiration, gross primary production, and net CO2 emissions increased in response to fertilization, but responses were diminished in interior marsh locations with high pore water sulfide. Hourly NEE measured by chambers were similar to hourly NEE observed by a nearby eddy covariance tower, but correcting for inundation depth relative to plant height was critical for accurate extrapolation to annual fluxes. The impact of fertilization on biomass and NEE, and thus marsh resilience, varied across marsh locations depending upon location‐specific pore water sulfide concentrations
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Gas Streaming and Dynamical M/L in Rotationally Supported Systems
Line-of-sight velocities of gas and stars can constrain dark matter (DM)
within rotationally supported galaxies if they trace circular orbits
extensively. Photometric asymmetries may signify non-circular motions,
requiring spectra with dense spatial coverage. Our integral-field spectroscopy
of 178 galaxies spanned the mass range of the SAMI Galaxy Survey. We derived
circular speed curves (CSCs) of gas and stars from non-parametric Diskfit fits
out to . For 12/14 with measured H I profiles, ionized gas and H I
maximum velocities agreed. We fitted mass-follows-light models to 163 galaxies
by approximating the radial starlight profile as nested, very flattened mass
homeoids viewed as a S\'ersic form. Fitting broad-band SEDs to SDSS images gave
median stellar mass/light 1.7 assuming a Kroupa IMF vs. 2.6 dynamically.
Two-thirds of the dynamical mass/light measures were consistent with
star+remnant IMFs. One-fifth required upscaled starlight to fit, hence
comparable mass of unobserved baryons and/or DM distributed similarly across
the SAMI aperture that came to dominate motions as the starlight CSC declined
rapidly. The rest had mass distributed differently from starlight. Subtracting
fits of S\'ersic profiles to 13 VIKING Z-band images revealed residual weak
bars. Near the bar PA, we assessed m = 2 streaming velocities, and found
deviations usually <30 km/s from the CSC; three showed no deviation. Thus,
asymmetries rarely influenced our CSCs despite co-located shock-indicating,
emission-line flux ratios in more than 2/3.Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures. Accepted to MNRA
Advancing a global pharmacy support workforce through a global strategic platform
The pharmacy support workforce (PSW) is the mid-level cadre of the global pharmacy profession, referring to pharmacy technicians, assistants and other cadres that assist in the delivery of pharmaceutical services in a variety of practice contexts. The PSW undertake technical tasks delegated under the supervision of a pharmacist or performed collaboratively. The PSW are not intended to replace pharmacists, but rather work side-by-side with the pharmacist to achieve a shared goal. However, extensive variation in the PSW exists globally, ranging from an educated, regulated, and highly effective workforce in some countries to unrecognized or non-existent in others. Vast differences in education requirements, specific roles, regulatory oversight, and need for pharmacist supervision, inhibit the development and advancement of a global PSW. As clinical care providers, pharmacists worldwide need for a competent support workforce. Without the confidence to delegate technical responsibilities to a well-trained and capable PSW, pharmacists will be unable to fully deliver advanced clinical roles. A clear vision for the role of the PSW in the expanding scope of pharmacy practice is needed. One organization working to unite global efforts in this area is the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). The FIP Workforce Development Hub Pharmacy Technicians & Support Workforce Strategic Platform was established to address the pharmacy workforce shortage in low and middle-income countries. Further developments were made in 2019, with the creation of a representative global PSW advisory panel, to provide guidance towards the development of the global PSW. Provision of frameworks and strategic input to support quality in education, development of legislative frameworks, guidelines for registration and licensure, and advice on appropriate role advancement are critical to move the PSW forward. In order to produce substantial advancement of roles and recognition of the PSW and advancement of pharmacists as patient care providers, global collaborative work is needed
Rapid, diffusional shuttling of poly(A) RNA between nuclear speckles and the nucleoplasm
Speckles are nuclear bodies that contain pre-mRNA splicing factors and polyadenylated RNA. Because nuclear poly(A) RNA consists of both mRNA transcripts and nucleus-restricted RNAs, we tested whether poly(A) RNA in speckles is dynamic or rather an immobile, perhaps structural, component. Fluorescein-labeled oligo(dT) was introduced into HeLa cells stably expressing a red fluorescent protein chimera of the splicing factor SC35 and allowed to hybridize. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) showed that the mobility of the tagged poly(A) RNA was virtually identical in both speckles and at random nucleoplasmic sites. This same result was observed in photoactivation-tracking studies in which caged fluorescein-labeled oligo(dT) was used as hybridization probe, and the rate of movement away from either a speckle or nucleoplasmic site was monitored using digital imaging microscopy after photoactivation. Furthermore, the tagged poly(A) RNA was observed to rapidly distribute throughout the entire nucleoplasm and other speckles, regardless of whether the tracking observations were initiated in a speckle or the nucleoplasm. Finally, in both FCS and photoactivation-tracking studies, a temperature reduction from 37 to 22°C had no discernible effect on the behavior of poly(A) RNA in either speckles or the nucleoplasm, strongly suggesting that its movement in and out of speckles does not require metabolic energy. © 2006 by The American Society for Cell Biology
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