Early Adolescent through Young Adult alcohol and marijuana use trajectories: Early predictors, young adult outcomes, and predictive utility

The present study takes a developmental approach to subgrouping and examines the trajectories of substance use from early adolescence through young adulthood among a community sample of 481 individuals. The patterns of use were examined, subgroups were identified separately for men and women and for alcohol and marijuana, and psychosocial predictors and psychopathology outcomes that differentiated the groups were identified. The results revealed three substantially overlapping subgroups for both alcohol and marijuana: early onset, late onset, and nonuser. Although the general patterns of which dependent variables were related to group were similar for alcohol and marijuana, a closer examination revealed important subgroup differences. For alcohol use, the early-onset group was more dysfunctional in terms of predictors and outcomes whereas the late-onset and nonuser groups were better adjusted. In contrast, for marijuana, the early- and late-onset groups were both more dysfunctional than the nonuser group. In a final analysis, we examined the predictive utility of our developmental approach to subgrouping compared to a traditional, static approach

Early Adolescent through Young Adult alcohol and marijuana use trajectories: Early predictors, young adult outcomes, and predictive utility

The present study takes a developmental approach to subgrouping and examines the trajectories of substance use from early adolescence through young adulthood among a community sample of 481 individuals. The patterns of use were examined, subgroups were identified separately for men and women and for alcohol and marijuana, and psychosocial predictors and psychopathology outcomes that differentiated the groups were identified. The results revealed three substantially overlapping subgroups for both alcohol and marijuana: early onset, late onset, and nonuser. Although the general patterns of which dependent variables were related to group were similar for alcohol and marijuana, a closer examination revealed important subgroup differences. For alcohol use, the early-onset group was more dysfunctional in terms of predictors and outcomes whereas the late-onset and nonuser groups were better adjusted. In contrast, for marijuana, the early- and late-onset groups were both more dysfunctional than the nonuser group. In a final analysis, we examined the predictive utility of our developmental approach to subgrouping compared to a traditional, static approach

Online Story Comprehension among Children with ADHD: Which Core Deficits are Involved?

Children with ADHD have difficulty understanding causal connections and goal plans within stories. This study examined mediators of group differences in story narrations between children ages 7-9 with and without ADHD, including as potential mediators both the core deficits of ADHD (i.e., inattention, disinhibition, planning/working memory) as well measures of phonological processing and verbal skills. Forty-nine children with ADHD and 67 non-referred children narrated a wordless book and completed tasks assessing the core deficits of ADHD, phonological processing, and verbal skills. Results revealed that, although no shorter than those of non-referred children, the narratives of children with ADHD contained fewer elements relating to the story’s causal structure and goal plan. Deficits in sustained attention accounted for the most variance in these differences. Results have implications for understanding and ameliorating the academic problems experienced by children with ADHD

Alcohol and cigarette use and misuse among hurricane Katrina survivors: Psychosocial risk and protective factors

The present study examined survivors’ use and misuse of cigarettes and alcohol following Hurricane Katrina. We also examined several psychosocial factors that we expected would be associated with higher or lower rates of substance use following the Hurricane. Participants were 209 adult survivors of Hurricane Katrina interviewed in Columbia, SC or New Orleans, LA between October 31, 2005 and May 13, 2006. Results revealed that survivors were smoking cigarettes, consuming alcohol, and experiencing alcohol-related problems at a substantially higher rate than expected based on pre- Hurricane prevalence data. Results also suggested that certain psychosocial factors were associated with participants’ substance use and misuse following the Hurricane

Portfolio Vol. II N 4

Browne, Phil. Alumni . Picture. 2. Martindale, Virginia. A Statue By Jude . Prose. 3. Maxwell, Robert. Reflections . Poem. 6. Lewis, Lucy. Quiet Zone . Prose. 7. Varney, Chester. Tinder Box . Prose. 9. Beckham, Adela. Spring Harvest . Poem. 10. Beckham, Adela. Morning . Poem. 10. Black, James. The Drama at Denison . Prose. 11. Mackie, Reino. Landscape . Picture. 6. Flory, Doris. April Showers . Poem. 14. Flory, Doris. Aspiration . Poem. 14. Wager, Dick. Solitude . Poem. 14. Wager, Dick. Regret . Poem. 14. Bastida, Sorella y. Children on the Beach . Picture. 14. Saunders, Paul. Review of New Books . Prose. 15. Smith, Bob. Review of New Recordings . Prose. 15. Mitchell, Dave. A Farmyard . Picture. 16. Bonnet, Elsie. Hidden Village . Picture. 16. Taylor, Dave. Concerning Art . Prose. 17. Browne, Phil. Master Craftsman . Picture. 18. Deeds, Ed. Brothers, Sing On . Prose. 19. Boyd, Kate Olive. Spring at Denison . Poem. 20. Barss, William. Landscape . Picture. 20. Deane, Dorothy. The Taming of the Shrew . Prose. 21

Portfolio Vol. II N 1

Browne, Phil. The Approach to Fraternity Row . Picture. 2. Simmons, Fate. The Sand House . Prose. 3. The College Catbird, Groucho. Ode to my Fellow Students . Poem. 6. Varney, Chester. The Tramp . Prose. 7. Browne, Phil. Shell Shock . Prose. 9. West, Bill C. Mr. Freud... . Poem. 10. West, Bill C. Bacchanal . Poem. 10. De Chavannes, Pierre Puvis de. Summer . Poem. 10. Pierce, Ames. A Student Looks at Europe . Prose. 11. Timrud, David. Though you Knew it Not . Poem. 13. Timrud, David. Le Joi De Vivre . Poem. 13. Timrud, David. The Ghostly Loom . Poem. 13. Dohanos, Stephen. West Quoddy Light, Maine . Picture. 13. Millet, Jean Francois. Peasants Going to Work . Picture. 14. Kent, Rockwell. Maine Coast . Picture. 14. Beier, Dean. Review of New Recordings . Prose. 15. Beier, Dean. Advice on Band Booking . Prose. 15. Millay, Edna St. Vincent. From \u27Conversation at Midnight\u27 . Prose. 16. Black, James. Playing Around . Prose. 17. Saunders, Paul. Review of New Books .Prose. 17. Salietti, Alberto. A country Woman . Picture. 18. Eschman, Barbara. Color Scheme . Poem. 18. Whitehead, Richard. A Tribute . Picture. 19. Beckham, Adela. Gethsemane . Poem. 20. Beckham, Adela. Blues Singer . Poem. 20. Flory, Doris. Revelation . Poem. 20. Flory, Doris. Fervor . Poem. 20. Hanna, Stanley. Men of Fortune . Poem. 20. Sweitzer, Harry J. Denison and Education . Prose. 21. Hopkins, Kate. Twillight . Prose. 23. Hopkins, Kate. Afterward . Prose. 23

The ethics of ‘Trials within Cohorts’ (TwiCs): 2nd international symposium - London, UK. 7-8 November 2016

On 7-8 th November 2016, 60 people with an interest in the ‘ Trials within Cohorts ’ (TwiCs) approach for randomised controlled trial design met in London. The purpose of this 2 nd TwiCs international symposium was to share perspectives and experiences on ethical aspects of the TwiCs design, discuss how TwiCs relate to the current ethical frame- work, provide a forum in which to discuss and debate ethical issues and identify future directions for conceptual and empirical research. The symposium was supported by the Wellcome Trust and the NIHR CLAHRC Yorkshire and Humber and organised by members of the TwiCs network led by Clare Relton and attended by people from the UK, the Netherlands, Norway, Canada and USA. The two-day sympo- sium enabled an international group to meet and share experiences of the TwiCs design (also known as the ‘ cohort multiple RCT design ’ ), and to discuss plans for future research. Over the two days, invited plenary talks were interspersed by discussions, posters and mini pre- sentations from bioethicists, triallists and health research regulators. Key findings of the symposium were: (1) It is possible to make a compelling case to ethics committees that TwiCs designs are ap- propriate and ethical; (2) The importance of wider considerations around the ethics of inefficient trial designs; and (3) some questions about the ethical requirements for content and timing of informed consent for a study using the TwiCs design need to be decided on a case-by-case basis

Disruptive Behavior Disorders and Marijuana Use: The Role of Depressive Symptoms

Objective The present study sought to examine the relations among disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs; ie, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], conduct disorder [CD], oppositional defiant disorder [ODD]), depressive symptoms, and marijuana use among a sample of late adolescents and emerging adults. Method A total of 900 students (75.8% female, 80.3% Caucasian, M age = 20) from a large public university completed an online survey. Results Findings indicated that depressive symptoms mediated the relation between the marijuana use and past symptoms of ADHD, past diagnosis of ADHD, CD symptoms, CD diagnosis, and ODD diagnosis. Conclusion Depressive symptoms represent a link between DBDs and marijuana use that is suggested, but not well documented in the existing literature. The current findings add to this evidence and suggest a need to assess individuals presenting with symptoms of DBDs for depressive symptoms, as this symptom pattern may result in a greater likelihood of marijuana use

Motives underlying smoking in college students with ADHD

<p><i>Background</i>. The positive association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and smoking in youth has been well documented. Less research has examined <i>why</i> individuals with ADHD, particularly college students, are at increased risk for smoking. <i>Objectives</i>. This longitudinal study examined whether smoking motives [cognitive enhancement, tolerance, negative reinforcement (smoking to reduce negative affect or stress), craving, social influences, and weight control] helped to explain the relation between ADHD symptoms (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) and cigarette smoking among college students. <i>Methods</i>. Participants were 889 undergraduates (21% men) and their parents who completed online surveys at the beginning and end of the Fall semester regarding their smoking behaviors, ADHD symptoms, and smoking motives. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data and answer research questions. <i>Results</i>. Nineteen percent of students reported smoking, while 20% reported one or more inattentive symptoms, 35% reported one or more hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, and 3.3% met criteria for ADHD. All smoking motives significantly moderated the relation between inattentive symptoms and smoking, while most smoking motives (negative reinforcement, tolerance, craving, cognitive enhancement, and weight control) moderated the link between hyperactive/impulsive symptoms and smoking. Results remained significant after controlling for stimulant medication use and conduct disorder symptoms. <i>Conclusions/Importance</i>. Addressing negative reinforcement, craving, social influences, and tolerance in prevention and intervention efforts on college campuses may reduce smoking. Results also highlight the importance of assessing a range of ADHD symptoms in college students as ADHD symptoms, even at subthreshold levels, were associated with increased smoking rates among college students.</p