Organização e aplicação de um caso simulado cts em aulas de química no ensino médio

Atualmente muito se discute sobre como a Química é geralmente trabalhada no Ensino Médio: descontextualizada, sem relações com a sociedade e o cotidiano dos estudantes. Muitas vezes, o ensino se dá como se estivesse resumido à memorização de nomes complexos e aplicação de fórmulas na resolução de problemas sem relação com aspectos sociais da ciência. Para promover mudanças nesse cenário, é necessário um posicionamento crítico por parte de professores e estudantes e compreendemos que a utilização de abordagens CTS (Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade) no ensino de Química pode contribuir nesse sentido. A fim de colaborar com as reflexões sobre mudanças no foco da Educação Química, buscando formas de romper a barreira do ensino tradicional, apresentamos esse estudo no qual são mostrados a organização e aplicação de um Caso Simulado CTS em aulas de Química no Ensino Médio

Geochemial patterns and firing technology research on ceramic glazed tiles from the 17th-20th centuries (Lisbon region, Portugal)

A set of 17th – 20th century glazed tiles supplied by the Department of Cultural Heritage tile collection, Lisbon City Hall, is studied in this work. The tiles were described and classified in a chronological point of view and analytical work includes chemical and mineralogical characterization of the ceramic bodies and mortars by instrumental neutron activation analysis and X-ray diffraction. Most tile bodies consist mainly of quartz, gehlenite and calcite in variable proportions; commonly these main phases are accompanied by high temperatures phases, namely wollastonite or diopside, pointing to a Ca- or Mg-rich raw material, and mullite (in one sample) indicating the use of non-carbonated raw materials. Small amounts of K-feldspar and hematite are present in most tiles, whereas analcime, plagioclase, vaterite and cristobalite are found in just a few samples. Chemical composition points to a certain homogeneity within 18th century tile bodies; the 20th century samples analysed are heterogeneous and have a different rare earth elements (REE) pattern, two are enriched in the first transition row elements, pointing to higher amounts of ferromagnesian minerals, and the other has lower amounts of Na, Fe, Cr and Co, and higher of Cs, light rare earth elements (LREE), Th and U suggesting high aluminium silicates content. The 17th century samples have a more heterogeneous chemical composition and higher contents of As and Na, which is explained by the presence of analcime. The ancient tiles have a general depletion of chemical elements, probably due to a dilution effect of the higher calcite content. The mortars are all lime rich, but the 20th century ones have a general enrichment in all elements, and more k-feldspar and mica.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Developing an e-infrastructure for social science

We outline the aims and progress to date of the National Centre for e-Social Science e-Infrastructure project. We examine the challenges faced by the project, namely in ensuring outputs are appropriate to social scientists, managing the transition from research projects to service and embedding software and data within a wider infrastructural framework. We also provide pointers to related work where issues which have ramifications for this and similar initiatives are being addressed

Transformative innovation and translocal diffusion

This paper develops a conceptual understanding of transformative innovations as shared activities, ideas and objects across locally rooted sustainability initiatives that explore and develop alternatives to incumbent and (perceived) unsustainable regimes that they seek to challenge, alter or replace. We synthesize empirical work from two European research projects (TRANSIT and ARTS), in which initiatives and networks were empirically studied, to develop a broader conceptual understanding of the emergence of transformative innovation. The development of initiatives can occur through growing, replicating, partnering, instrumentalising and embedding. This is supported through translocal networks that connect initiatives by sharing ideas, objects and activities across local contexts. This translocal characteristic of transformative innovations harnesses an enormous potential for sustainability transitions, but requires further understanding a

Chronic non-specific low back pain - sub-groups or a single mechanism?

Copyright 2008 Wand and O'Connell; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Background: Low back pain is a substantial health problem and has subsequently attracted a considerable amount of research. Clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of a variety of interventions for chronic non-specific low back pain indicate limited effectiveness for most commonly applied interventions and approaches. Discussion: Many clinicians challenge the results of clinical trials as they feel that this lack of effectiveness is at odds with their clinical experience of managing patients with back pain. A common explanation for this discrepancy is the perceived heterogeneity of patients with chronic non-specific low back pain. It is felt that the effects of treatment may be diluted by the application of a single intervention to a complex, heterogeneous group with diverse treatment needs. This argument presupposes that current treatment is effective when applied to the correct patient. An alternative perspective is that the clinical trials are correct and current treatments have limited efficacy. Preoccupation with sub-grouping may stifle engagement with this view and it is important that the sub-grouping paradigm is closely examined. This paper argues that there are numerous problems with the sub-grouping approach and that it may not be an important reason for the disappointing results of clinical trials. We propose instead that current treatment may be ineffective because it has been misdirected. Recent evidence that demonstrates changes within the brain in chronic low back pain sufferers raises the possibility that persistent back pain may be a problem of cortical reorganisation and degeneration. This perspective offers interesting insights into the chronic low back pain experience and suggests alternative models of intervention. Summary: The disappointing results of clinical research are commonly explained by the failure of researchers to adequately attend to sub-grouping of the chronic non-specific low back pain population. Alternatively, current approaches may be ineffective and clinicians and researchers may need to radically rethink the nature of the problem and how it should best be managed

Neural Mechanism of a Sex-Specific Risk Variant for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Type I Receptor of the Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide

AbstractBackgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a frequent anxiety disorder with higher prevalence rates in female patients than in male patients (2.5:1). Association with a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2267735) in the gene ADCYAP1R1 encoding the type I receptor (PAC1-R) of the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide has been reported with PTSD in female patients. We sought to identify the neural correlates of the described PAC1-R effects on associative learning.MethodsIn a reverse genetic approach, we examined two independent healthy samples (N1 = 112, N2 = 73) using functional magnetic resonance imaging during cued and contextual fear conditioning. Skin conductance responses and verbal self-reports of arousal, valence, and contingency were recorded.ResultsWe found that PAC1-R modulates the blood oxygenation level–dependent response of the hippocampus. Specifically, we observed decreased hippocampal activity during contextual, but not during cued, fear conditioning in female participants carrying the PAC1-R risk allele. We observed no significant differences in conditionability for skin conductance responses, verbal reports, or activation in other brain regions between the genotype groups in female participants.ConclusionsOur results suggest that impaired contextual conditioning in the hippocampal formation may mediate the association between PAC1-R and PTSD symptoms. Our findings potentially identify a missing link between the involvement of PAC1-R in PTSD and the well-established structural and functional hippocampal deficits in these patients

The effect of flight line spacing on radioactivity inventory and spatial feature characteristics of airborne gamma-ray spectrometry data

Airborne Gamma Spectrometry (AGS) is well suited to the mapping of radioactivity in the environment. Flight parameters (e.g. speed and line spacing) directly affect the rate of area coverage, cost, and data quality of any survey. The influences of line spacing have been investigated for data from inter‐tidal, coastal and upland environments with a range of <sup>137</sup>Cs activity concentrations and depositional histories. Estimates of the integrated <sup>137</sup>Cs activity (‘inventory’) within specified areas and the shapes of depositional features were calculated for subsets of the data at different line spacings. Features with dimensions greater than the line spacing show variations in inventory and area of less than 3%, and features with dimensions less than the line spacing show larger variations and a decreased probability of detection. The choice of line spacing for a task is dependent on the dimensions of the features of interest and required edge definition. Options for line spacing for different tasks are suggested. It is noted that for regional mapping, even 5–10 km line spacing can produce useful data

The translation, validity and reliability of the German version of the Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire

Background: The Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ) claims to assess disrupted self-perception of the back. The aim of this study was to develop a German version of the Fre-BAQ (FreBAQ-G) and assess its test-retest reliability, its known-groups validity and its convergent validity with another purported measure of back perception. Methods: The FreBaQ-G was translated following international guidelines for the transcultural adaptation of questionnaires. Thirty-five patients with non-specific CLBP and 48 healthy participants were recruited. Assessor one administered the FreBAQ-G to each patient with CLBP on two separate days to quantify intra-observer reliability. Assessor two administered the FreBaQ-G to each patient on day 1. The scores were compared to those obtained by assessor one on day 1 to assess inter-observer reliability. Known-groups validity was quantified by comparing the FreBAQ-G score between patients and healthy controls. To assess convergent validity, patient\u27s FreBAQ-G scores were correlated to their two-point discrimination (TPD) scores. Results: Intra- and Inter-observer reliability were both moderate with ICC3.1 = 0.88 (95%CI: 0.77 to 0.94) and 0.89 (95%CI: 0.79 to 0.94), respectively. Intra- and inter-observer limits of agreement (LoA) were 6.2 (95%CI: 5.0±8.1) and 6.0 (4.8±7.8), respectively. The adjusted mean difference between patients and controls was 5.4 (95%CI: 3.0 to 7.8, p\u3c0.01). Patient\u27s FreBAQ-G scores were not associated with TPD thresholds (Pearson\u27s r = -0.05, p = 0.79). Conclusions: The FreBAQ-G demonstrated a degree of reliability and known-groups validity. Interpretation of patient level data should be performed with caution because the LoA were substantial. It did not demonstrate convergent validity against TPD. Floor effects of some items of the FreBAQ-G may have influenced the validity and reliability results. The clinimetric properties of the FreBAQ-G require further investigation as a simple measure of disrupted self-perception of the back before firm recommendations on its use can be made

An algorithm to study the nonnegativity, regularity and stability via state-feedbacks of singular systems of arbitrary index

This paper deals with singular systems of index k ≥ 1. Our main goal is to find a state-feedback such that the closed-loop system satis- fies the regularity condition and it is nonnegative and stable. In order to do that, the core-nilpotent decomposition of a square matrix is applied to the singular matrix of the system. Moreover, if the Drazin projector of this matrix is nonnegative then the previous decomposition allows us to write the core-part of the matrix in a specific block form. In addition, an algorithm to study this kind of systems via a state-feedback is designed.This paper has been partially supported by Ministry of Education of Spain [grant number DGI MTM2010-18228].Herrero Debón, A.; Francisco J. Ramírez; Thome, N. (2014). An algorithm to study the nonnegativity, regularity and stability via state-feedbacks of singular systems of arbitrary index. Linear and Multilinear Algebra. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/03081087.2014.904559S11

Organização e aplicação de um caso simulado cts em aulas de química no ensino médio

Atualmente muito se discute sobre como a Química é geralmente trabalhada no Ensino Médio: descontextualizada, sem relações com a sociedade e o cotidiano dos estudantes. Muitas vezes, o ensino se dá como se estivesse resumido à memorização de nomes complexos e aplicação de fórmulas na resolução de problemas sem relação com aspectos sociais da ciência. Para promover mudanças nesse cenário, é necessário um posicionamento crítico por parte de professores e estudantes e compreendemos que a utilização de abordagens CTS (Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade) no ensino de Química pode contribuir nesse sentido. A fim de colaborar com as reflexões sobre mudanças no foco da Educação Química, buscando formas de romper a barreira do ensino tradicional, apresentamos esse estudo no qual são mostrados a organização e aplicação de um Caso Simulado CTS em aulas de Química no Ensino Médio