En jämförelse mellan två nutida modeller avseende prediktion av politiska preferenser utifrån personlighetsdrag och ideologiska attityder

Inom ämnet psykologi väcktes intresset för sambandet mellan personlighet och politisk- ideologisk åskådning under efterkrigstiden. En politisk psykologi tog form utifrån en ansats där personlighetsdrag betraktades som orsaker bakom ideologisk hemvist och politisk inriktning. Föreliggande studie hade två nutida modeller inom politisk psykologi som utgångspunkt, utformade som prediktionsmodeller. Modellerna har utarbetats av Jost, Federico och Napier respektive Duckitt och Sibley. Jost et al:s (2009) modell beskriver ideologi i termer av attityder till förändring och jämlikhet grundade på psykologisk karaktärsbaserad motivation. Duckitt & Sibleys (2010) modell beskriver ideologi i termer av auktoritarianism samt social dominans grundade på personlighetstyper och världsbilder. Studien var empirisk och gjorde en jämförelse mellan dessa modeller i ett försök att utröna vilken som har störst prediktionsförmåga av politiska preferenser utefter en vänster-höger dimension utifrån personlighetsdrag och ideologiska attityder. I undersökningen användes endast delar av modellerna. Studiens underlag utgjordes av en enkätundersökning gjord på en försöksgrupp där modellerna jämfördes avseende hur mycket variabilitet de förklarar av vänster-höger preferenser. Två statistiska metoder användes för analys av empirin: multipla regressioner samt hierarkisk regression. Resultatet visade att modellerna hade ett i stort sett lika högt förklaringsvärde för prediktion av politiska preferenser hos försöksgruppen. Därtill var förklaringsvärdena höga. Studien indikerade därmed att modellernas prediktionsförmåga av politiska vänster-höger preferenser utifrån personlighetsdrag och ideologiska attityder var i stort sett lika stor.In the science of psychology, the interest in the connection between personality and political and ideological worldview was born in the light of the second world war. A scientific approach of political psychology took shape, in which personality was seen as the cause of ideological attitudes and political preferences. This study has two models of political psychology in present days as the poin of departure. The models have been constructed by Jost, Federic and Napier, and respectively by Duckitt and Sibley. Both of these models are constructed as models of prediction. The model of Jost et al. (2009) describes ideology in terms of attitudes regarding change and equality, based on personal psychological motivation. The model of Duckitt and Sibley (2010) describes ideology in terms of authoritarianism and social dominance based on character of personality and personally based worldviews. The study is based on an empirical ground, where the two models were compared to test which of the models had the best prediction effieciency according political preferences, from the point of personality and ideological attitudes. The political preferences were defined along a dimension of left and right. In the study, only those parts of the models were used that were directly linked to the test. A survey based on a test group was used to get the data base underlying the comparison of the models efficiency, i.e. which of the model had the most capability to explain the variability of the test group along the left-right dimension. Two statistical methods were used to analyse the empirical data: multiple regressions and a hierarchical regression. The result pointed out that the two models had nearby the same effiency of prediction of political preferences in the test group. Besides that both models had high effiency. Thereby the study indicates that the prediction effiency of the two models according prediction of political preferences along the left-right dimension, based on personality characteristics and ideological attitudes, were all in all nearby the same

Український вчений, громадський діяч І. А. Фещенко-Чопівський

(uk) Ця публікація розкриває цілісну канву життєдіяльності І.Фещенка-Чопівського, показує його як політика, дипломата, ученого, видатного українця, котрий органічно увібрав українську культуру, національний характер і до останніх днів не втратив почуття національної гідності й віри в державотворчі сили свого народу.(en) The life activity of I. Feshenco-Chopivscogo is considered in the article. The publication shows him as a politician, a diplomat and an outstanding Ukrainian. His personality harmoniously absorbed the Ukrainian culture and national character. He didn’t lose the feeling of national dignity and deep faith in the ability of his nation to build the State

Non-sensitising air pollution at workplaces and adult-onset asthma in the beginning of this millennium

Purpose: This case-control study was undertaken to elucidate the controversy concerning whether low-level, long-term exposure to non-sensitising air pollution at workplaces may cause asthma. Methods: A case-control study of 192 adult-onset asthma cases aged 20-65 years and 323 controls was conducted in the southeast of Sweden. Cases were identified from computerised registers from the region, diagnosed 2000-2004 and diagnoses were confirmed via medical files. Referents were randomised from the population register of the region. Exposure was monitored by a 16-page questionnaire. Special attention was devoted to identifying and in the final analyses excluding subjects exposed to sensitising agents. Results: Three years or more of occupational exposure to air pollution from dust, smoke, fumes or vapours before the year of diagnosis by analyses adjusting for age yielded an increased risk for asthma (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.2-4.2) in men, while in women, no risk was seen. In a multiple logistic regression analysis in men without allergy in childhood, a significant risk was seen (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.07-7.4), when subjects exposed to identified allergens were excluded. In women, no excess risk was observed from occupational air pollution. Conclusion: The results of this study support an association between occupational exposure to low level non-sensitising air pollution and adult-onset asthma in men.Funding Agencies|Swedish Cancer and Allergy Foundation||Forss (Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden)|2002-413|</p

adult-onset asthma in the beginning

Non-sensitising air pollution at workplaces an

http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-103739 Airway Symptoms and Biological Markers in Nasal Lavage Fluid in Subjects Exposed to Metalworking Fluids

Airway symptoms and biological markers i

Airway symptoms and biological markers in nasal lavage fluid in subjects exposed to metalworking fluids

BACKGROUNDS: Occurrence of airway irritation among industrial metal workers was investigated. The aims were to study the association between exposures from water-based metal working fluids (MWF) and the health outcome among the personnel, to assess potential effects on the proteome in nasal mucous membranes, and evaluate preventive actions. METHODS: The prevalence of airway symptoms related to work were examined among 271 metalworkers exposed to MWF and 24 metal workers not exposed to MWF at the same factory. At the same time, air levels of potentially harmful substances (oil mist, morpholine, monoethanolamine, formaldehyde) generated from MWF was measured. Nasal lavage fluid was collected from 13 workers and 15 controls and protein profiles were determined by a proteomic approach. RESULTS: Airway symptoms were reported in 39% of the workers exposed to MWF although the measured levels of MWF substances in the work place air were low. Highest prevalence was found among workers handling the MWF machines but also those working in the same hall were affected. Improvement of the ventilation to reduce MWF exposure lowered the prevalence of airway problems. Protein profiling showed significantly higher levels of S100-A9 and lower levels of SPLUNC1, cystatin SN, Ig J and β2-microglobulin among workers with airway symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that upper airway symptoms among metal workers are a common problem and despite low levels of MWF-generated substances, effects on airway immune proteins are found. Further studies to clarify the role of specific MWF components in connection to airway inflammation and the identified biological markers are warranted

The revised Lund-Malmo GFR estimating equation outperforms MDRD and CKD-EPI across GFR, age and BMI intervals in a large Swedish population

Background: The performance of creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equations may vary in subgroups defined by GFR, age and body mass index (BMI). This study compares the performance of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations with the revised Lund-Malmo equation (LM Revised), a new equation that can be expected to handle changes in GFR across the life span more accurately. Methods: The study included 3495 examinations in 2847 adult Swedish patients referred for measurement of GFR (mGFR) 2008-2010 by plasma clearance of iohexol (median 52 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). Bias, precision [interquartile range (IQR)] and accuracy [percentage of estimates +/- 10% (P-10) and +/- 30% (P-30) of mGFR] were compared. Results: The overall results of LM Revised/MDRD/CKD-EPI were: median bias 2%/8%/11%, IQR 12/14/14 mL/min/1.73 m(2), P-10 40%/35%/35% and P-30 84%/75%/76%. LM Revised was the most stable equation in terms of bias, precision and accuracy across mGFR, age and BMI intervals irrespective of gender. MDRD and CKD-EPI overestimated mGFR in patients with decreased kidney function, young adults and elderly. All three equations overestimated mGFR and had low accuracy in patients with BMI <20 kg/m(2), most pronounced among men. Conclusions: In settings similar to the investigated cohort LM Revised should be preferred to MDRD and CKD-EPI due to its higher accuracy and more stable performance across GFR, age and BMI intervals

Accuracy of GFR estimating equations combining standardized cystatin C and creatinine assays: a cross-sectional study in Sweden

Background: The recently established international cystatin C calibrator makes it possible to develop non-laboratory specific glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating (eGFR) equations. This study compares the performance of the arithmetic mean of the revised Lund-Malmo creatinine and CAPA cystatin C equations (MEAN(LM-REV+CAPA)), the arithmetic mean of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI) creatinine and cystatin C equations (MEAN(CKD-EPI)), and the composite CKD-EPI equation (CKD-EPICREA+CYSC) with the corresponding single marker equations using internationally standardized calibrators for both cystatin C and creatinine. Methods: The study included 1200 examinations in 1112 adult Swedish patients referred for measurement of GFR (mGFR) 2008-2010 by plasma clearance of iohexol (median 51 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). Bias, precision (interquartile range, IQR) and accuracy (percentage of estimates +/- 30% of mGFR; P-30) were compared. Results: Combined marker equations were unbiased and had higher precision and accuracy than single marker equations. Overall results of MEAN(LM-REV+CAPA)/MEAN(CKD-EPI)/CKD-EPICREA+CYSC were: median bias -2.2%/-0.5%/-1.6%, IQR 9.2/9.2/8.8 mL/min/1.73 m(2), and P-30 91.3%/91.0%/91.1%. The P-30 figures were about 7-14 -percentage points higher than the single marker equations. The combined equations also had a more stable performance across mGFR, age and BMI intervals, generally with P-30 >= 90% and never = 40%. Conclusions: Combining cystatin C and creatinine assays improves GFR estimations with P-30 >= 90% in adults. Reporting estimates of both single and combined marker equations in clinical settings makes it possible to assess the validity of the combined equation based on the agreement between the single marker equations

Performance evaluation of a turbidimetric cystatin C assay on different high-throughput platforms

Objective. The goal with this study was to evaluate the analytical performance of a new cystatin C immunoassay (Tina-quant (R) a Cystatin C, Roche Diagnostics GmbH). The evaluation was carried out at four centers according to a standardized protocol. Material and methods. The Tina-quant (R) a Cystatin C is a latex particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. Roche cobas (R) 6000, MODULAR ANALYTICS SWA and COBAS INTEGRA (R) instruments were included in the study. Method comparison studies were carried out against two turbidimetric methods (Dako Cystatin C, Gentian Cystatin C), and one nephelometric method (Siemens N-Latex Cystatin C). Results. Linearity was proven throughout the measuring range from 0.4 to 8 mg/L. Within-run CVs ranged from 0.7-2.8%, and total CVs from 1.4-4.7 % (concentration range 0.6-3.9 mg/L). Comparable results were obtained with paired serum and Li-heparinate plasma samples. Good agreement was achieved in the comparisons between the Tina-quant (R) a Cystatin C assay and the other commercially available cystatin C assays, two different turbidimetric methods (slope range 0.88-1.04, intercept = 0.993) and one nephelometric assay (slope range 0.90-1.05, intercept = 0.986). Conclusions. The Tina-quant (R) a Cystatin C assay was shown to be precise and accurate with proven linearity over the measuring range. Good comparability was obtained with other commercially available assays for the determination of cystatin C. The Tina-quant (R) a Cystatin C assay is very well suited for clinical use on routine clinical chemistry analysers to detect renal dysfunction with a 24 h availability