FIRESIG - SISTEMA DE SUPORTE A TOMADA DE DECISÃO PARA O COMBATE A INCÊNDIOS NO PARANÁ

O FIRESIG representa um sistema de suporte a tomada de decisão para o combate a incêndios no Estado do Paraná. O FIRESIG atende as demandas específicas de atividades de monitoramento, prevenção e combate a incêndios. Os usuários institucionais do FIRESIG se referem ao Instituto Ambiental do Paraná (IAP) e a Coordenadoria Estadual de Defesa Civil do Paraná. O FIRESIG oferece ferramentas para: (i) entrada de dados de focos de calor, índice de vegetação e índice de risco de incêndio, (ii) espacialização, visualização e análise de focos de calor, (iii) identificação de recursos e infra-estrutura disponível para combate aos incêndios, (iv) atualização da base de dados dos recursos disponíveis para o combate aos incêndios, (v) determinação de melhores rotas de acesso aos incêndios. A utilização do FIRESIG reduz o tempo de resposta para o combate aos incêndios e auxilia a montagem de estratégias de combate. O FIRESIG é caracterizado como um sistema de suporte a tomada de decisão, robusto e de baixo custo para combate aos incêndios. Além do mais pode ser adaptado para ser utilizado em outros tipos de desastres ambientais. FIRESIG DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR FIRE FIGHT IN PARANÁ Abstract The FIRESIG represents a decision support system for fire fight in the Paraná State. The FIRESIG meets specific demands for monitoring, prevention and fire fight. The systems users are the Paraná Environmental Institute and the Paraná Civil Defense Coordination. The FIRESIG offers several tools for: (i) hot spots, vegetation index and fire risk index data input, (ii) mapping, visualization and hot spots analysis, (iii) identification of available resources and infrastructure for fire fight, (iv) data base update, (v) determination of firefight best routes. The use of FIRESIG reduces fire fight response time and helps the fire fight strategy definition. The FIRESIG can be considered as robust and a low price fire fight system. Additionally, the system can be adapted for use as a decision support system for other environmental disasters

COMPARAÇÃO DE ÍNDICE DE RISCO DE INCÊNDIO FLORESTAL COM FOCOS DE CALOR NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ

Os índices de Risco de Incêndio Florestal refletem a possibilidade futura de ocorrência de incêndios, bem como a facilidade de os mesmos se propagarem de acordo com as condições atmosféricas do dia, ou de uma seqüência de dias. Para estimar o índice de risco de incêndio diário no estado do Paraná o Instituto Tecnológico SIMEPAR utiliza o Índice Monte Alegre (IMA). Este índice, desenvolvido pela UFPR, utiliza dados diários de umidade relativa do ar e precipitação, bem como o número de dias consecutivos sem chuva. Neste trabalho objetivou-se comparar a estimativa do Índice Monte Alegre para o estado do Paraná (para o ano de 2003), com as ocorrências de focos de calor detectados a partir do processamento de imagens oriundas dos satélites NOAA/AVHRR. O algoritmo de detecção de focos de calor utiliza imagens convertidas em parâmetros físicos de radiação e temperatura. Resultados indicaram significativa correlação entre índices de risco de incêndio elevados e a ocorrência de focos de calor, o que vem a confirmar o caráter de robustez do Índice Monte Alegre. FIRE RISK INDEX COMPARED WITH HOT SPOTS IN PARANÁ STATE Abstract Fire risk indexes provide the future possibility of fire occurrence, as well as fire propagation according to daily atmospheric conditions or according to the conditions of a sequence of days. In order to estimate the daily fire risk index for Paraná state, the SIMEPAR Institute of Technology, uses the Monte Alegre Index (IMA). This index developed by the UFPR, uses daily data of air moisture and rainfall, as well as the number of days without rain. In this work the aim was to compare Monte Alegre Index estimates for the Paraná state (2003), with hot spots occurrence detected through NOAA/AVHRR image processing. The algorithm for hot spots detection uses images converted into physical parameters (radiation and temperature). Results indicated a significant correlation between high fire risk and hot spots occurrence. This confirms the Monte Alegre Index robustness

Modelo de risco para chuvas intensas aplicado para a Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Iguaçu, Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, PR

The environmental and economic problems of a region are usually related to lack of planning based on knowledge, diagnostic surveys and considering the environmental, social, economic and territory use and occupation dynamics involved. With regards to water resources, the problems are related to scarcity, which results in cutting the domestic supply, and with excess, which results in flooding. Allied to these, usually occurs contamination by organic substances and/or toxic, and degradation of water resources. All this causing impact on both the environment, habitats and human health. Floods depend on the population density, land use, stream network, territorial and physical characteristics (topography, soils, vegetation, etc.), and the intensity and frequency of precipitation. For the control of floods, some measures can be adopted to modify the relationship between rainfall and stream flow, plan and systematize the land use (mainly the areas of risk, etc.). This study aims to use a model for determining the risk related to the occurrence of heavy rains in the Upper Iguaçu watershed area, inserted in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba (Pilot Area), and consequently the risk of flooding. Results indicated that the highest risk of flooding are linked to environment vulnerability within the urban areas of the counties. This was the case in the city of Curitiba, which shows high rates of soil sealing (due to urbanization) and concentration of population. The Iguaçu River plain is in another area of high flood risk, due to flat terrain (low slope) and lowlands. The flood model adopted should be validated with records of floods for comparisons and further assessments.Pages: 431-43

Sampling frame for crop area estimation

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver metodologia que integre sensoriamento remoto e sistema de informações geográficas (SIG) para criar um painel amostral e alocar segmentos regulares por meio de um sistema de amostragem aleatória estratificada. Diferentes estratos foram obtidos por meio da classificação de imagens de satélite. Em cada estrato foi realizado sorteio para a seleção dos segmentos amostrais, os quais foram visitados para delimitar as diversas culturas e estimar a área. Na estimativa da área plantada por cultura, para toda a região, utilizou-se o estimador por expansão direta por meio de um procedimento semi-automático. A metodologia reduziu tanto a subjetividade do percentual da área agrícola estimada no estrato, quanto o tempo de construção do painel amostral.The objective of this work was to develop a methodology in order to use remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) to construct a sampling frame and to allocate regular segments in a region through a random stratified sampling system. The different strata were obtained through satellite image classification. In each stratum a drawing was carried out to select sample segments, which were field visited to identify the crop type and to estimate their area. In the area estimation for each crop, for the entire region, the direct expansion estimator through a semi-automated procedure was used . The methodology reduced both the subjectivity of the percentage of agricultural area estimation in the strata and the time to construct the sampling frame

Global political responsibility for the conservation of albatrosses and large petrels

International audienceMigratory marine species cross political borders and enter the high seas, where the lack of an effective global management framework for biodiversity leaves them vulnerable to threats. Here, we combine 10,108 tracks from 5775 individual birds at 87 sites with data on breeding population sizes to estimate the relative year-round importance of national jurisdictions and high seas areas for 39 species of albatrosses and large petrels. Populations from every country made extensive use of the high seas, indicating the stake each country has in the management of biodiversity in international waters. We quantified the links among national populations of these threatened seabirds and the regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) which regulate fishing in the high seas. This work makes explicit the relative responsibilities that each country and RFMO has for the management of shared biodiversity, providing invaluable information for the conservation and management of migratory species in the marine realm