Análise iconográfica do tipo pictórico, como formador de nações na argentina durante a primeira metade do século XIX (1810-1852)

This article analyzes representative examples of pictorial art in Argentina during the first half of the 19th century through the study of iconographic representations, which, when compared with written sources, reveal allegories, symbols and national identities. These show the socio-cultural transitions of political type, which were portrayed by foreign and native artists in the visual imaginary comprised by two periods 1810- 1829 and 1830 - 1852. In the first period, the beginnings of modern Argentine pictorial art express in their works the heroic legacy left by the liberation campaigns and the heroes of the country, within the framework of neoclassicism that will be reflected throughout the first half of the 19th century. In the second period the themes and symbols change to reflect a nationalism that gained strength through the image as a visual discourse by means of the dictatorial regime of General Juan Manuel de Rosas.  Este artículo analiza ejemplos representativos del arte pictórico en Argentina durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX mediante el estudio de representaciones iconográficas, que, al ser cotejadas con fuentes escritas, arrojan alegorías, símbolos e identidades nacionales. Estas evidencian las transiciones socioculturales de tipo político, que fueron retratadas por artistas extranjeros y nativos en el imaginario visual comprendido por dos periodos: 1810- 1829 y 1830 - 1852. En el primero, los inicios del arte pictórico moderno argentino, expresan en sus obras el legado heroico que dejaron las campañas libertadoras y los próceres de la patria, dentro del marco del neoclasicismo que se verá reflejado a lo largo de la primera mitad del siglo XIX. En el segundo periodo cambian los temas y símbolos para reflejar un nacionalismo que tomó fuerza mediante la imagen como discurso visual por medio del régimen dictatorial del general Juan Manuel de Rosas.Este artigo analisa exemplos representativos da arte pictórica na Argentina durante a primeirametade do século XIX através do estudo das representações iconográficas, que, quandocomparadas com fontes escritas, revelam alegorias, símbolos e identidades nacionais. Estasmostram as transições socioculturais de natureza política, que foram retratadas por artistasestrangeiros e nativos no imaginário visual dos dois períodos 1810-1829 e 1830-1852. No primeiroperíodo, o início da arte pictórica argentina moderna exprime nas suas obras o legado heróicodeixado pelas campanhas de libertação e pelos heróis do país, no quadro do neoclassicismoque se reflectiria ao longo da primeira metade do século XIX. No segundo período, os temas esímbolos mudaram para reflectir um nacionalismo que ganhou força através da imagem comodiscurso visual por meio do regime ditatorial do General Juan Manuel de Rosas

Beyond ‘peer pressure’: rethinking drug use and ‘youth culture’

The study of drug use by young people in the West has been transformed over the last decade by the development of sociological approaches to drug use which take serious account of the cultural context in which young people encounter drugs. One consequence is that the notion of ‘peer pressure’, as the primary articulation of the engagement between youth culture and drug use, has been displaced by that of ‘normalisation’, which envisages ‘recreational’ drug use as one expression of consumer-based youth cultural lifestyles. In stark contrast, academic discussion of drug use in Russia remains primarily concerned with the prevalence and health consequences of (intravenous) drug use while explanations of rising rates of drug use focus on structural factors related to the expansion of drugs supply and, to a lesser extent, post-Soviet social and economic dislocation. In this article, original empirical research in Russia is used to develop an understanding of young people's drug use that synthesises structural and cultural explanations of it. It does this by situating young people's narratives of their drugs choices in the context of local drugs markets and broader socio-economic processes. However, it attempts to go beyond seeing structural location as simply a ‘constraint’ on individual choice by adopting an understanding of ‘youth culture’ as a range of youth cultural practices and formations that simultaneously embody, reproduce and negotiate the structural locations of their subjects

How to Use Financial Statements—A Handbook For Lawyers

It is always dangerous to write a handbook for lawyers on another discipline whether that discipline be medicine, engineering, actuarial science, or accounting. The demands on the lawyer for knowledge in any of these other disciplines differ both in breadth and depth in each of the multitudinous matters in which he finds himself involved. Moreover, among individual practicing lawyers are found widely varying degrees of sophistication in these other disciplines. Bearing in mind this inherent limitation of any handbook for lawyers, it is apparent that Irving Kellogg has done a good job with his handbook on financial statements

Does sex really matter? : the cognitive and emotional effects of sexual explicitness in video advertisements

The purpose of this study was to examine how variations in explicitness of sexual visual imagery in video ads impact the way young adults cognitively and emotionally process advertising. Experimentation included a psychophysiological assessment of skin conductance and heart rate, as well as self-report measures. Skin conductance was used to measure arousal while heart rate measured cognitive resources allocated to encoding, or attention. Self-report measures covered brand recognition, arousal, likeability, pleasantness and unpleasantness. Physiological results were significant for arousal and attention change over time, with moderate sexual explicitness earning the highest skin conductance and heart rate levels. Brand recognition, however, was greatest for low sexual explicitness. These results suggest to advertising industry specialists that, while sex has the ability to increase arousal and attention of consumers, it doesn't necessarily increase brand awareness

Changes in oral anticoagulation for elective cardioversion: results from a European cardioversion registry.

Aims: In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) pharmacological or electrical cardioversion may be performed to restore sinus rhythm. The procedure is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events, which can be significantly reduced by adequate anticoagulation (OAC). Our aim was to create a partly prospective, partly retrospective cardioversion registry, particularly focusing on OAC strategies in different European countries, and on emerging choice of OAC over time. Methods: From September 2014 to October 2015, cardioversions due to AF performed in six European city hospitals in five European countries (Hungary: Budapest-1 and -2; Italy: Bari and Pisa; France: Amiens; Spain: Madrid; and Lithuania: Kaunas) were recorded in the registry. Results: A total of 1101 patients (retrospective/prospective: 679/422, male/female: 742/359, mean age: 67.3 years ± 11.2) were registered. Most of the cardioversions were electrical (97%). Oral anticoagulants were administered in 87% of the patient, the usage of non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs) vs Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) was 31.5% vs 68.5%, respectively. Seventy seven percent of the patients were given oral anticoagulants more than 3 weeks prior to the procedure, and 86% more than 4 weeks after the procedure. When using VKA, international normalized ratio (INR) at cardioversion was above 2.0 in 76% of the cases. A decline in VKA usage (P = 0.033) in elective cardioversion over approximately 1 year was observed. During the observation period, there was an increase in apixaban (P < 0.001), a slight increase in rivaroxaban (P = 0.028) and no changes in dabigatran (P = 0.34) usage for elective cardioversion. There were differences in use of OAC between the countries: Spain used most VKA (89%), while France used least VKA (39%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: According to current AF guidelines, NOACs are adequate alternatives to VKA for thromboembolic prevention in AF patients undergoing elective cardioversion. Our results indicate that NOAC use is increasing and there is a significant decrease in VKA use

Институциите како смртоносно оружје: случајот на Словенија во првиот бран на епидемијата Ковид-19

The Covid-19 epidemic has most affected old people, not those who live at home – but those in old age homes. In Slovenia, as many as four-fifths of those deceased in the epidemic were residents of these institutions. The analysis shows that the essential moment of infection is institutionality, not age, that it is in this sense almost an institutional epidemic. The make-up of total institutions presents a significantly higher risk of transmission of infection – due to increased human concentration and increased frequency of contacts, but also because of the institutional structure and ethos, which objectify residents and deprive residents of the power of action. The deceased residents can be seen as (passive) victims not only of the virus, but also of the institutional nature of the organisation of care (prevailing in Slovenia). This was neglected in the debate so far, the measures introduced did not allow transfer to community care, which would provide residents with the level of safety comparable to the population at large, such services allowing a greater degree of self-isolation and control of contacts. The deceased residents are victims of a delay in deinstitutionalisation and in introduction of a potent, community based long-term care. These are the pressing tasks for the future, if we are to ensure at least safety for old people, and with it a life worth living.Епидемијата Ковид-19 најмногу ги погоди старите луѓе, не оние кои живеат дома - туку оние во домови за стари лица. Во Словенија, дури четири петтини од починатите во епидемијата престојувале во овие институции. Анализата покажува дека суштински- от момент на инфекција е институционалноста, а не возраста, дека во оваа смисла е скоро институционална епидемија. Шминкањето на вкупните институции претставува значително поголем ризик од пренесување на инфекција - како резултат на зголемената човечка концентрација и зголемената зачестеност на контакти, но и поради институционалната структура и етиката, кои ги објективизираат жителите и ги лишуваат од моќта на дејствување. Починатите жители може да се гледаат како (пасивни) жртви не само на вирусот, туку и на институционалната природа на организацијата за згрижување (која што преовладува во Слове- нија). Ова беше занемарено во досе- гашната дебата, воведените мерки не дозволуваа пренесување на грижата во заедницата, што ќе им обезбеди на жителите ниво на безбедност според- ливо со населението во целина, таквите услуги овозможуваат поголем степен на самоизолација и контрола на контактите. Починатите жители се жртви на доцнење во деинституционализацијата и доцнење на воведувањето семоќна, долгорочна грижа во заедницата. Ова се итни задачи за иднината, ако сака- ме да обезбедиме барем безбедност за старите лица, а со тоа и живот вреден за живеење