Spatial Analysis of Bacteriological and Chemical Quality of Refill Drinking Water in Palembang

Research by Trisnaini (2013) in Ogan Ilir Regency found that there were 13 depot refill drinking water which water samples were positive for Coliform. Data by the Environmental Health Engineering Center of Palembang on 136 depot found that not all depot were not suitable with the requirements of Ministry of Health Regulations RI Number492/2010. The impact is low drinking water quality that potentially cause diseases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of depot refill drinking water in the city of Palembang based on the parameters of Coliform, Escherecia Coli, and pH. This research used a quantitative design, with a survey method. The research was conducted in the city of Palembang. The research population was 136 depot refill drinking water in the city of Palembang. Sampling was using proportionate stratified random sampling. Based on the results of laboratory tests, it was found that from 36 depot refill drinking water there were 2 (5.8%) which showed positive results of water samples containing Coliform, 2 (5.8%) which were positive for Escherecia Coli, and most of (91%) water samples examined did not suitable the health requirements on the parameter of pH. It is concluded that most of the water samples from the depot refill drinking water studied had met the health requirements based on the parameters of Coliform and Escherecia Coli, but most did not suitable the health requirements for the pH parameter based on the Ministry of Health Regulations RI Number 492/2010.The need for increased supervision of refill drinking water depot

Report on Alaska Benefits and Costs of Exporting Alaska North Slope Crude Oil

Prepared for Alaska State Senate Finance CommitteeYe

Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan Pajanan Karbon Monoksida (CO) Pada Pedagang Sate di Palembang

Level of pollutants in the air that humans breathe every day will impact health for now or future. The occupational risk of satay traders who are exposed to carbon monoxide from grilling food using charcoal is often not realized. The aims of this study are to measure carbon monoxide levels exposed to satay traders in Palembang and examine the magnitude of the risk in several future time periods. This study is used a quantitative design with environmental health’s risk analysis approach. Assessment of carbon monoxide is used Carbon Monoxide Meter. Respondents were selected through the purposive sampling technique by as many as 58 persons. They were selected by criteria: used charcoal as fuel and were the street vendor. Carbon monoxide exposure was in the range of 12.3 – 163 mg/m3. The intake value is influenced by the concentration of the risk agent, rate of intake, as well as duration, frequency, and time of exposure. The results showed real-time intake value was 20,62 while the lifetime intake was 78,60. Realtime RQ calculated CO exposure will be risky if exposed within a period of 30 years. However, it was found that almost 40 percent of respondents had risk based on real-time RQ values with each duration. Analysis of CO exposure’s risk on satay traders is predicted to occur at the 10th year of exposure, which is influenced by the increasing exposure time. For reducing the level of CO exposure, satay traders are advised to use personal protective equipment such as masks and may consider using smokeless food grills/electric grills.Kadar polutan dalam udara yang manusia hirup setiap hari akan berdampak terhadap kesehatannya saat ini maupun di masa depan. Risiko pekerjaan sebagai pedagang sate yang terpapar karbon monoksida (CO) dari hasil pembakaran makanan menggunakan arang sering kali tidak disadari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kadar karbon monoksida terpajan pada pedagang sate yang menggunakan arang di kota Palembang serta menggambarkan besaran risiko tersebut dalam beberapa periode waktu mendatang. Jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan analisis kuantitatif menggunakan pendekatan analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan. Pengukuran CO menggunakan alat Carbon Monoxide Meter. Sampel dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling sebanyak 58 orang. Kriteria pengambilan sampel yaitu menggunakan arang sebagai bahan bakar dan merupakan pedagang kaki lima. Pajanan karbon monoksida berada pada rentang 12,3 – 163 mg/m3. Nilai intake dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi agen risiko, laju asupan, serta durasi, frekuensi, dan waktu pajanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai intake realtime sebesar 20,62 sedangkan intake lifetime 78,60. Perhitungan RQ realtime menunjukkan bahwa pajanan CO akan berisiko jika terpapar dalam kurun waktu 30 tahun. Namun, ditemukan sebanyak hamper 40 persen responden memiliki risiko berdasarkan nilai RQ realtime dengan durasi pajanan masing-masing responden. Analisis risiko paparan CO pada pedagang sate diprediksi akan terjadi pada waktu pajanan ke-10 tahun yang dipengaruhi oleh waktu pajanan yang bertambah. Untuk mengurangi kadar pajanan CO tersebut, pedagang sate disarankan menggunakan alat pelindung diri seperti masker serta dapat mempertimbangkan untuk menggunakan alat pemanggang makanan tanpa asap/pemanggang listrik

Conservation status of oyster reef ecosystem of Southern and Eastern Australia

Reef ecosystems all over the world are in decline and managers urgently need information that can assess management interventions and set national conservation targets. We assess the conservation status and risk of ecosystem collapse for the Oyster Reef Ecosystem of Southern and Eastern Australia, which comprises two community sub-types established by Saccostrea glomerata (Sydney rock oyster) and Ostrea angasi (Australian flat oyster), consistent with the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems risk assessment process. We established: (i) key aspects of the ecosystem including: ecological description, biological characteristics, condition and collapse thresholds, natural and threatening processes; (ii) previous and current extent of occurrence and current area of occupancy; and (iii) its likelihood of collapse within the next 50e100 years. The most severe risk rating occurred for Criterion A: Reduction in Extent (since 1750) and Criterion D: Disruption of biotic processes (since 1750), although assessment varied from Least Concern to Critically Endangered amongst the four criteria assessed. Our overall assessment ranks the risk of collapse for the ecosystem (including both community sub-types) as Critically Endangered with a high degree of confidence. Our results suggest the need for rapid intervention to protect remaining reefs and undertake restoration at suitable sites. Several restoration projects have already demonstrated this is feasible, and Australia is well equipped with government policies and regulatory mechanisms to support the future conservation and recovery of temperate oyster ecosystems

Literature for Children

Essay which details the history of children’s literature and the importance of selecting quality books to encourage an appreciation of reading