Investigating the Effect of UV Radiation Changes and Bed Temperature in Photocatalytic Destruction of Toluene in a Circular Fluid Bed Reactor

Increase the system efficiency in photocatalytic systems is necessary for economic aspects. In this study, for photocatalytic destruction of toluene in a circular fluid bed or substrate reactor, the effect of UV radiation changes and bed temperature was investigated. The Efficiency of the photocatalytic system was studied in various conditions of relative humidity variables, UV intensity and bed temperature. This study showed by increasing the photocatalyst loading percentage of more than 20%wt., there is no significant change in the efficiency of toluene degradation. In a steady state of all other parameters, when the intensity of the UV radiation rises from 5 w/m2 to 17 w/m2, Toluene degradation efficiency also has an increasing trend. Also, we found that with increasing temperature, the efficiency of photocatalytic oxidation of toluene is increasing. The independent effect of each of the variables on the efficiency of toluene removal are interdependent and mutually influential, and in order to have the appropriate efficiency, all variables should be examined together in the appropriate conditions

Comparing the Effect of Two Portable Cooling Vests on Physiological Parameters under Hot Laboratory Conditions

Personal protective clothing (PPC) can cause heat strain. The purpose of this study was Heat strain control by two portable cooling vests under wearing vapor protective suit and hot condition. An experimental study was conducted in a climatic chamber on 15 male students under warm conditions (ambient temperature =40°C, relative humidity=40%). Each participant performed the test without a cooling vest and with Spadana (Of 70% cotton and 30% polyester with 10 pockets for PCM: Hydrogel packages and a total weight of 2.3kg) and Techkewl-7026 (100% cotton with 4 pockets for PCM packages and a total weight of 2 / 2kg) phase change material cooling vests. The activity rate on a treadmill was light (2.8km/h) and the test lasted 30 minutes for each stage. Cooling effects were evaluated by measuring heart rate, oral temperature and skin temperature. Results showed that the mean and standard deviation for heart rate, oral temperature and skin temperature with a Spadana cooling vest were 100.55 (8.12)(bpm), 36.83 (0.25)°C and 31.52(1.85)°C, respectively, and for Techkewl-7026 cooling vests were 103.64 (10.9)(bpm), 36.98(0.34)°C and 34.2 (1.4)°C, respectively, and for without cooling vest were 113.33(11.23)(bpm), 37.05(0.35) °C and 37.93(0.48) °C, respectively . The difference between parameters with cooling vests and without cooling vest was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The use of Spadana and Techkewl-7026 phase change material cooling vests can reduce thermal stress through a reduction in heart rate, oral temperature, skin temperature and sweating rate

Fire Pathology in a Military Hospital Using the FRAME Technique

Background and Aim: Hospitals are One of the vital and sensitive places as well as practical that maintaining their function in normal conditions and in times of crisis is one of the biggest concerns of health system managers. By using the principles of fire safety, hospitals' vulnerability can be reduced. Fire is one of the risks that can lead to many human and financial losses as well as disruption of hospital performance. Fire risk assessment is a more effective way to assess the vulnerability, capacity and capability of the hospital. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of fire in one of the hospitals in Tehran to analyze the vulnerability of these uses. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by using the Fire Risk Assessment Method for Engineers (FRAME) in the hospital building of a military hospital. Fire risk was calculated using the formulas of the mentioned method in EXCEL software. Factors influencing the level of risk obtained were identified and evaluated. Results: The level of fire risk for residents in all units was higher than one. Level factor, fire load factor and normal protection factor were identified as effective factors that result in the existing fire risk level. Conclusion: The numerical value of the risk for the residents was at an unfavorable level. The results of this study showed that the use of FRAME method in assessing the risk of health facilities such as hospitals, by determining the strengths and weaknesses of the assessed locations, the possibility of identifying effective factors to predict and prevent accidents and maintain the performance of these centers at times. Be sensitive to such manmade or natural emergencie

Fire Pathology in a Military Hospital Using the FRAME Technique

Background and Aim: Hospitals are One of the vital and sensitive places as well as practical that maintaining their function in normal conditions and in times of crisis is one of the biggest concerns of health system managers. By using the principles of fire safety, hospitals' vulnerability can be reduced. Fire is one of the risks that can lead to many human and financial losses as well as disruption of hospital performance. Fire risk assessment is a more effective way to assess the vulnerability, capacity and capability of the hospital. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of fire in one of the hospitals in Tehran to analyze the vulnerability of these uses. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by using the Fire Risk Assessment Method for Engineers (FRAME) in the hospital building of a military hospital. Fire risk was calculated using the formulas of the mentioned method in EXCEL software. Factors influencing the level of risk obtained were identified and evaluated. Results: The level of fire risk for residents in all units was higher than one. Level factor, fire load factor and normal protection factor were identified as effective factors that result in the existing fire risk level. Conclusion: The numerical value of the risk for the residents was at an unfavorable level. The results of this study showed that the use of FRAME method in assessing the risk of health facilities such as hospitals, by determining the strengths and weaknesses of the assessed locations, the possibility of identifying effective factors to predict and prevent accidents and maintain the performance of these centers at times. Be sensitive to such man-made or natural emergencies

Removal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital air using microwave radiation

Background: Bacterial agents found in the airways of hospitals and medical centers can be very harmful. In this study, microwave radiation was employed in order to remove Pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospital air. Materials and Methods: Microwave radiation power of 180, 360 and 540 W was used. The bacterial strain used was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Bacterial aerosols in the range of 107 and 106 of bacteria per ml of air, which was prepared using a nebulizer, was injected into the system. Results: The results of this study showed that the number of bacteria remaining in the system decreased with increasing microwave power. There was absolutely no bacterial growth following 240 min of exposure to 540 watt radiation density for 107 bacteria in each ml of air current. Conclusion: Microwave radiation with high functionality can be used to remove bacterial air pollutions. They can help to control biological agents in hospitals and medical centers with good efficiency