Widespread colonisation of Tanzanian catchments by introduced Oreochromis tilapia fishes: the legacy from decades of deliberate introduction

From the 1950s onwards, programmes to promote aquaculture and improve capture fisheries in East Africa have relied heavily on the promise held by introduced species. In Tanzania these introductions have been poorly documented. Here we report the findings of surveys of inland water bodies across Tanzania between 2011 and 2017 that clarify distributions of tilapiine cichlids of the genus Oreochromis. We identified Oreochromis from 123 sampling locations, including 14 taxa restricted to their native range and three species that have established populations beyond their native range. Of these three species, the only exotic species found was blue-spotted tilapia (Oreochromis leucostictus), while Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Singida tilapia (Oreochromis esculentus), which are both naturally found within the country of Tanzania, have been translocated beyond their native range. Using our records, we developed models of suitable habitat for the introduced species based on recent (1960–1990) and projected (2050, 2070) East African climate. These models indicated that presence of suitable habitat for these introduced species will persist and potentially expand across the region. The clarification of distributions provided here can help inform the monitoring and management of biodiversity, and inform policy related to the future role of introduced species in fisheries and aquaculture

La tésera celtibérica de Uxama. Rectificación de su lectura

The authors give a new reading for a Celtiberian text, correcting the one presented in the paper published in Emerita 49, 1981, p. 179 ss.No disponible

Diet of the extinct Lava mouse Malpaisomys insularis from the Canary Islands: Insights from dental microwear

Malpaisomys insularis is a mouse-like rodent endemic to the eastern Canary Islands. It became extinct during the fourteenth century. It was a remarkable species living under hyperarid conditions. A dental microwear analysis was performed in order to determine its former diet. The elevated number of fine scratches found in Malpaisomys molars suggests that it consumed a significant part of Poaceae, grass consumption leaving the most distinctive features on dental wear facets. A graminivorous diet with a high amount of abrasive items is in agreement with the broad teeth of Malpaisomys, considered as adapted to grass consumption. However, in the absence of potential competitors over its native range, it is likely that Malpaisomys also foraged on dicots to meet higher nutrient and energetic requirements. The ecology of Malpaisomys is discussed from these results in the context of the desertic climatic conditions of the eastern Canary Islands and with a special concern on its small body size in contrast to other large-sized island murine species such as the giant rats of the central Canary Islands. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.The present study is a part of the Spanish program N CGL2007-62047/BTE and is contributed by ISE-M (UMR 5554) n 2010-124.Peer Reviewe

Language, exclusion and violent jihad: are they related?

This paper advances the hypothesis that an inability to fully participate in an immigrant parent’s first language as a minority community language, and associated pressures this can put on the individual’s sense of personal identity and self-esteem, can be a contributing factor to the profound alienation that has been implicated in the rise of Islamic extremist violence. Studies of Islamic extremism have sought to identify common factors in the backgrounds of self-styled jihadists; however, they have proved to be a fairly heterogeneous group. One factor that stands out is that, in Europe and North America, the so-called home-grown terrorist is frequently a second- or third-generation immigrant. Education in the majority community language and a desire to assimilate not infrequently lead to an incomplete acquisition, and subsequent attrition of a ‘home’ language. This can separate the second/third-generation immigrant from the minority community, while discrimination forms a barrier to acceptance by the majority community. This paper briefly examines some of the background literature in Applied Linguistics and Counter Terrorism Studies, before turning to sources that tend to support the hypothesis. Finally, a case is made for further study and some possible approaches suggested