Evaluating The Use Of The Tachistoscope As An Aid In Teaching Reading In Grades Four Through Eight

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of the tachistoscope as an aid in teaching reading in the upper five elementary grades. In making this appraisal, an attempt was made to determine reading progress made by each of the ten participating classes and to compare the progress of those students instructed with the tachistoscope with those students who were taught reading without the aid of this device

A Study Of School Leavers At The Patterson School For Boys: Caldwell County, North Carolina, From 1959-1967

The purpose of this study was (1) to attempt to determine the reasons for students leaving the school before their graduation, (2) to surveyand inventory the school leavers, present students, teachers, and administrative staff as to their. satisfaction or dissatisfaction in the Patterson School, and (3) to ascertain from reliable data the adequacy or inadequacy of the all-school program

Relationship between plasma fibroblast growth factor-23 concentration and survival time in cats with chronic kidney disease

BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are commonly increased in cats with azotemic chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both are predictors of survival time in human patients, but these relationships have not previously been examined in the cat. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between plasma FGF‐23 and PTH concentrations at diagnosis of CKD in cats with survival time and with disease progression over 12 months. ANIMALS: 214 azotemic, client‐owned cats (≥9 years). METHODS: Retrospective study: Biochemical and urinary variables at diagnosis of azotemic CKD, including plasma FGF‐23 and PTH concentrations were assessed as predictors of survival time (all‐cause mortality) using Cox regression, and as predictors of CKD progression over 12 months using logistic regression. RESULTS: In the final multivariable Cox regression model, survival was negatively associated with plasma creatinine (P = .002) and FGF‐23 concentrations (P = .014), urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (P < .001) and age (P < .001). Survival was positively associated with PCV (P = .004). In the final multivariable logistic regression model, independent predictors of CKD progression included logFGF‐23 and age. Neither plasma phosphate nor PTH was found to be an independent predictor of survival time or of CKD progression. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Plasma FGF‐23 concentration is a novel prognostic indicator in cats with CKD, independent of other factors including plasma creatinine and phosphate concentrations. Further work is required to assess if FGF‐23 contributes directly to CKD progression, but regardless these findings may make FGF‐23 a useful biomarker for predicting poorer outcomes in cats with CKD

The relationships among coping strategies, trait anxiety, and performance in collegiate softball players

Efforts have been made to understand more about the psychological characteristics that differentiate between more and less successful athletes, but little research exists examining the relationships between specific coping strategies and performance. The purpose of this investigation was to examine how athletes cope with stress and how their coping strategies influence their performance. One hundred and forty eight collegiate softball players from 13 teams competing across the Southeastern United States participated in this investigation. They completed the COPE, a questionnaire designed to assess various coping strategies, the Sport Anxiety Scale, a measure of trait anxiety, and a demographic questionnaire. Their coaches also completed a demographic questionnaire assessing each athlete's coping ability, the impact it had on her performance, and the effort it took her to cope. Results revealed that athletes used a wide variety of coping skills to deal with the stress of sports. Specifically, subjects reported greater use of adaptive and emotion-focused strategies than maladaptive or problem-focused coping strategies. In addition, high trait anxiety levels were related to the type of coping strategy selected

The rights and duties of the principal and the teacher in their professional relationship

The New Century Dictionary defines the word "charity": "good will to others; leniency in judging others or their actions.” If "Charity", as applied in school relationships, could be broadened to include "sympathetic understanding", much of the friction which has been growing up between principals and teachers, during the past few years, would cease to be. Friction among individuals, groups, or even organizations, is largely an outgrowth of a lack of understanding. If principals and teachers each understood the others’ problems, if they recognized the desire for appreciation of a task well done, if they could envision the ambitions of their co-workers, the teaching profession would make great strides towards living up to the ideals set forth in its codes of ethics

Teacher guidance of the sex development of six and seven-year-old pupils

Psychologists have been unable to agree on what are the original behavior drives which are native to every child, such as the bodily appetites and emotions;1 however, they are in substantial agreement that these and the learned responses of early life have great effect on behavior in later life. Ruth May Strang, with wide experience in child guidance, places moderate emphasis on the early years in her remarks: The period of infancy and young childhood has the advantage of being the period in which many habits are initiated. . . Children seem not to outgrow their early experiences—especially vivid emotional crises—as they do their dresses and shoes. These experiences sometimes have been retained and have influenced adult behavior.

Utilisation of an operative difficulty grading scale for laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background A reliable system for grading operative difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy would standardise description of findings and reporting of outcomes. The aim of this study was to validate a difficulty grading system (Nassar scale), testing its applicability and consistency in two large prospective datasets. Methods Patient and disease-related variables and 30-day outcomes were identified in two prospective cholecystectomy databases: the multi-centre prospective cohort of 8820 patients from the recent CholeS Study and the single-surgeon series containing 4089 patients. Operative data and patient outcomes were correlated with Nassar operative difficultly scale, using Kendall’s tau for dichotomous variables, or Jonckheere–Terpstra tests for continuous variables. A ROC curve analysis was performed, to quantify the predictive accuracy of the scale for each outcome, with continuous outcomes dichotomised, prior to analysis. Results A higher operative difficulty grade was consistently associated with worse outcomes for the patients in both the reference and CholeS cohorts. The median length of stay increased from 0 to 4 days, and the 30-day complication rate from 7.6 to 24.4% as the difficulty grade increased from 1 to 4/5 (both p < 0.001). In the CholeS cohort, a higher difficulty grade was found to be most strongly associated with conversion to open and 30-day mortality (AUROC = 0.903, 0.822, respectively). On multivariable analysis, the Nassar operative difficultly scale was found to be a significant independent predictor of operative duration, conversion to open surgery, 30-day complications and 30-day reintervention (all p < 0.001). Conclusion We have shown that an operative difficulty scale can standardise the description of operative findings by multiple grades of surgeons to facilitate audit, training assessment and research. It provides a tool for reporting operative findings, disease severity and technical difficulty and can be utilised in future research to reliably compare outcomes according to case mix and intra-operative difficulty

Measurements of neutrino oscillation in appearance and disappearance channels by the T2K experiment with 6.6 x 10(20) protons on target

111 pages, 45 figures, submitted to Physical Review D. Minor revisions to text following referee comments111 pages, 45 figures, submitted to Physical Review D. Minor revisions to text following referee comments111 pages, 45 figures, submitted to Physical Review D. Minor revisions to text following referee commentsWe thank the J-PARC staff for superb accelerator performance and the CERN NA61/SHINE Collaboration for providing valuable particle production data. We acknowledge the support of MEXT, Japan; NSERC, NRC, and CFI, Canada; CEA and CNRS/IN2P3, France; DFG, Germany; INFN, Italy; National Science Centre (NCN), Poland; RSF, RFBR and MES, Russia; MINECO and ERDF funds, Spain; SNSF and SER, Switzerland; STFC, UK; and the U. S. Deparment of Energy, USA. We also thank CERN for the UA1/NOMAD magnet, DESY for the HERA-B magnet mover system, NII for SINET4, the WestGrid and SciNet consortia in Compute Canada, GridPP, UK, and the Emerald High Performance Computing facility in the Centre for Innovation, UK. In addition, participation of individual researchers and institutions has been further supported by funds from ERC (FP7), EU; JSPS, Japan; Royal Society, UK; and DOE Early Career program, USA

Measurement of the electron neutrino charged-current interaction rate on water with the T2K ND280 pi(0) detector

10 pages, 6 figures, Submitted to PRDhttp://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.91.112010© 2015 American Physical Society11 pages, 6 figures, as accepted to PRD11 pages, 6 figures, as accepted to PRD11 pages, 6 figures, as accepted to PR

The Spatial Association of Gene Expression Evolves from Synchrony to Asynchrony and Stochasticity with Age

For multicellular organisms, different tissues coordinate to integrate physiological functions, although this systematically and gradually declines in the aging process. Therefore, an association exists between tissue coordination and aging, and investigating the evolution of tissue coordination with age is of interest. In the past decade, both common and heterogeneous aging processes among tissues were extensively investigated. The results on spatial association of gene changes that determine lifespan appear complex and paradoxical. To reconcile observed commonality and heterogeneity of gene changes among tissues and to address evolution feature of tissue coordination with age, we introduced a new analytical strategy to systematically analyze genome-wide spatio-temporal gene expression profiles. We first applied the approach to natural aging process in three species (Rat, Mouse and Drosophila) and then to anti-aging process in Mouse. The results demonstrated that temporal gene expression alteration in different tissues experiences a progressive association evolution from spatial synchrony to asynchrony and stochasticity with age. This implies that tissue coordination gradually declines with age. Male mice showed earlier spatial asynchrony in gene expression than females, suggesting that male animals are more prone to aging than females. The confirmed anti-aging interventions (resveratrol and caloric restriction) enhanced tissue coordination, indicating their underlying anti-aging mechanism on multiple tissue levels. Further, functional analysis suggested asynchronous DNA/protein damage accumulation as well as asynchronous repair, modification and degradation of DNA/protein in tissues possibly contributes to asynchronous and stochastic changes of tissue microenvironment. This increased risk for a variety of age-related diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer that eventually accelerate organismal aging and death. Our study suggests a novel molecular event occurring in aging process of multicellular species that may represent an intrinsic molecular mechanism of aging