Comorbid Conditions in Child and Adolescent Patients Diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD in children has been reported at 4-7%. Numerous population- and clinical-based studies have reported that more than half of cases of ADHD have at least one psychiatric comorbidity. The presence of psychiatric comorbidities complicates the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of ADHD; thus, diagnosis of comorbidities is of great importance. Possible comorbidities should therefore be investigated in cases diagnosed with ADHD before treatment planning

RE: Regional lymphadenopathy following COVID-19 vaccination in patients with or suspicious of breast cancer: A quick summary of current key facts and recommendations

We have gained a broader perspective on the management of unilateral lymphadenopathy due to COVID-19 vaccination from the editorial entitled “Regional Lymphadenopathy Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with or Suspicious of Breast Cancer: A Quick Summary of Current Key Facts and Recommendations” by Chang and Ha, recently published in the Korean Journal of Radiolog

Multiple endobronchial lipomas which were treated by bronchoscopical resection

SummaryBronchial benign tumors are very rare; however, endobronchial lipomas are responsible for 0.1–0.5% of all lung tumors (1,2). Clinical symptoms depend on the severity of bronchial obstruction and the effects on parenchyma. It is more common in men and more frequently observed in the right bronchial system (3). We present a 76-year-old woman with two separate endobronchial lipomas in the upper lobe and intermediary bronchi, who applied with cough and sputum. The patient was successfully treated with electrocautery snare technique. After this procedure, thorax CT showed bronchiectasis of right lower zone. Thoracotomy was not taken into consideration. After 2-year follow-up the patient has no complaint

Effects of water temperature on summer periphyton biomass in shallow lakes: a pan-European mesocosm experiment

Periphyton communities play an important role in shallow lakes and are controlled by direct forces such as temperature, light, nutrients, and invertebrate grazing, but also indirectly by planktivorous fish predation. We performed a pan-European lake mesocosm experiment on periphyton colonization covering five countries along a north/south geographical/temperature gradient (Estonia, Germany, Czech Republic, Turkey, and Greece). Periphyton biomass on artificial polypropylene strips exposed at 50 cm water depth at low and high nutrient regimes (with mean total phosphorus concentration of 20 and 65 µg L−1, respectively) was compared during mid-summer. No significant effect of nutrient loading on periphyton biomass was observed as nutrient concentrations in the mesocosms were generally above limiting values. Water temperature significantly enhanced summer periphyton biomass development. Additionally, direct and indirect top-down control of snails and fish emerged as a significant factor in periphyton biomass control

The Conservation of VIT1-Dependent Iron Distribution in Seeds

One third of people suffer from anemia, with iron (Fe) deficiency being the most common reason. The human diet includes seeds of staple crops, which contain Fe that is poorly bioavailable. One reason for low bioavailability is that these seeds store Fe in cellular compartments that also contain antinutrients, such as phytate. Thus, several studies have focused on decreasing phytate concentrations. In theory, as an alternative approach, Fe reserves might be directed to cellular compartments that are free of phytate, such as plastids. However, it is not known if seed plastid can represent a major Fe storage compartment in nature. To discover distinct types of Fe storage in nature, we investigated metal localizations in the seeds of more than twenty species using histochemical or X-ray based techniques. Results showed that in Rosids, the largest clade of eudicots, Fe reserves were primarily confined to the embryo of the seeds. Furthermore, inside the embryos, Fe accumulated specifically in the endodermal cell layer, a well-known feature that is mediated by VACUOLAR IRON TRANSPORTER1 (VIT1) in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In rice, Fe enrichment is lost around the provasculature in the mutants of VIT1 orthologs. Finally, in Carica papaya, Fe accumulated in numerous organelles resembling plastids; however, these organelles accumulated reserve proteins but not ferritin, failing to prove to be plastids. By investigating Fe distribution in distinct plant lineages, this study failed to discover distinct Fe storage patterns that can be useful for biofortification. However, it revealed Fe enrichment is widely conserved in the endodermal cell layer in a VIT1-dependent manner in the plant kingdom

The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase As Biomarkers For Neural Tube Defect

Neural Tube Defect (NTD) is one of the most common congenital malformations. It is crucial to determine the prognostic, predictive, or therapeutic genetic factors for prevent ing NTD. The formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an essential role in migrating neural crest cells. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a significant role in cell migration in ECM organization. The role of expressions and activation of MMP in NTD is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the roles of MMP-1, -2, and 9 gene expressions as biomarkers for NTD. Peripheral blood samples and NTD tissues were collected from 40 newborn babies diagnosed with NTD, which were also divided into subgroups based on pathology, and peripheral blood samples from only 20 healthy babies were taken for control. After total RNA isolation from blood and tissues, MMP -1, -2, -9 gene expressions were analyzed by Quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR). There was no difference between the control group and the NTD group in terms of MMP expressions in blood samples (p>0.05). A statistically significantly higher MMP-1 expression was found in Meningocele and Myeloschisis than in Encephalocele (p=0.014). A significant difference was found between the tissue and blood samples of the Meningomyelocele patient group regarding MMP-9 expression (p=0.019). There was no significant relationship between Ca2+, B12, and Folate levels, NTD, and MMP genes expressions (p>0.05). Even though MMP genes were not different between control and NTD groups, they were found to vary between different subgroups and can serve as biomarkers

Emergence and Variability of Broad Absorption Line Quasar Outflows

We isolate a set of quasars that exhibit emergent C iv broad absorption lines (BALs) in their spectra by comparing spectra in the SDSS Data Release 7 and the SDSS/BOSS Data Releases 9 and 10. After visually defining a set of emergent BALs, follow-up observations were obtained with the Gemini Observatory for 105 quasars. We find an emergence rate consistent with the previously reported disappearance rate of BAL quasars given the relative numbers of non-BAL and BAL quasars in the SDSS. We find candidate newly emerged BALs are preferentially drawn from among BALs with smaller balnicity indices, shallower depths, larger velocities, and smaller widths. Within two rest-frame years (average) after a BAL has emerged, we find it equally likely to continue increasing in equivalent width in an observation six months later (average) as it is to start decreasing. From the time separations between our observations, we conclude the coherence time-scale of BALs is less than 100 rest-frame days. We observe coordinated variability among pairs of troughs in the same quasar, likely due to clouds at different velocities responding to the same changes in ionizing flux; and the coordination is stronger if the velocity separation between the two troughs is smaller. We speculate the latter effect may be due to clouds having on average lower densities at higher velocities due to mass conservation in an accelerating flow, causing the absorbing gas in those clouds to respond on different timescales to the same ionizing flux variations.Comment: 37 pages, 25 figure

Phytoplankton Community Response to Nutrients, Temperatures, and a Heat Wave in Shallow Lakes: An Experimental Approach

Phytoplankton usually responds directly and fast to environmental fluctuations, making them useful indicators of lake ecosystem changes caused by various stressors. Here, we examined the phytoplankton community composition before, during, and after a simulated 1-month heat wave in a mesocosm facility in Silkeborg, Denmark. The experiment was conducted over three contrasting temperature scenarios (ambient (A0), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A2 scenario (circa +3 degrees C, A2) and A2+ %50 (circa +4.5 degrees C, A2+)) crossed with two nutrient levels (low (LN) and high (HN)) with four replicates. The facility includes 24 mesocosms mimicking shallow lakes, which at the time of our experiment had run without interruption for 11 years. The 1-month heat wave effect was simulated by increasing the temperature by 5 degrees C (1 July to 1 August) in A2 and A2+, while A0 was not additionally heated. Throughout the study, HN treatments were mostly dominated by Cyanobacteria, whereas LN treatments were richer in genera and mostly dominated by Chlorophyta. Linear mixed model analyses revealed that high nutrient conditions were the most important structuring factor, which, regardless of temperature treatments and heat waves, increased total phytoplankton, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Cyanobacteria biomasses and decreased genus richness and the grazing pressure of zooplankton. The effect of temperature was, however, modest. The effect of warming on the phytoplankton community was not significant before the heat wave, yet during the heat wave it became significant, especially in LN-A2+, and negative interaction effects between nutrient and A2+ warming were recorded. These warming effects continued after the heat wave, as also evidenced by Co-inertia analyses. In contrast to the prevailing theory stating that more diverse ecosystems would be more stable, HN were less affected by the heat wave disturbance, most likely because the dominant phytoplankton group cyanobacteria is adapted to high nutrient conditions and also benefits from increased temperature. We did not find any significant change in phytoplankton size diversity, but size evenness decreased in HN as a result of an increase in the smallest and largest size classes simultaneously. We conclude that the phytoplankton community was most strongly affected by the nutrient level, but less sensitive to changes in both temperature treatments and the heat wave simulation in these systems, which have been adapted for a long time to different temperatures. Moreover, the temperature and heat wave effects were observed mostly in LN systems, indicating that the sensitivity of phytoplankton community structure to high temperatures is dependent on nutrient availability

An Evaluation of Hepatitis A Seroprevalence and Vaccination Status in Patients with HIV/AIDS: Data from A 20-year Period

Introduction:Hepatitis A infection, caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), is a non-chronic disease that can be prevented with vaccination. It is a significant cause of morbidity in adults. Homosexually active males, drug users, the homeless, and prisoners are at a greater risk of HAV infection. This study aimed to determine the hepatitis A seroprevalence and vaccination rates of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) followed up in our clinic.Methods:A retrospective examination was made of the polyclinic files and laboratory test results in the hospital information system of 1,326 patients aged >18 years, who were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and followed up in the Infectious Diseases Polyclinic of University of Health Sciences Turkey, Haseki Training and Research Hospital between September 30, 2002 and September 30, 2022.Results:Anti-HAV immunoglobulin G (IgG) positivity was present in 1090 (82.2%) patients. As age increased, anti-HAV IgG positivity also increased, females were significantly more affected, no difference was determined between nationalities, and there was seen to be a significant decrease in the positivity rate over the time period of the study. The positivity rate was determined to be significantly high in heterosexual patients. The hepatitis A vaccination rate was determined to be 16.9%, and serology was examined in 60% of the patients after vaccination. The response to vaccination was determined to be 91.6% in the patients with serology examination.Conclusion:Although improvements in sanitation and vaccination in childhood have provided a decrease in HAV seropositivity, the key populations must be informed about vaccination and vaccination adherence is ensured to prevent small outbreaks