The transformation of Japan’s grand strategy under the Democratic Party of Japan and the second Abe administration: change and continuity

This thesis analyses the shifts in Japan’s grand strategy in the last decade, examining the role that the Democratic Party of Japan and the second Abe administration played in Japan’s strategic trajectory relative to the postwar Yoshida doctrine. To determine the extent to which these governments’ reforms were transformative to the direction of the Japanese foreign policy, it uses the concept of grand strategy as an analytical framework and examines the recent changes in Japan’s foreign policy on three levels, including the prime ministers’s views, the foreign-policy making process, and the security environment surrounding Japan. It also engages in a number of contemporary debates regarding the evolution of Japan’s grand strategy and the emergence of a so-called Abe doctrine, as well as its transformative power and ideological foundations. The thesis concludes that the Kan, Noda, and Abe administrations all developed the same trend aimed at adapting Japan’s grand strategy to the post-Cold War security environment and gradually relaxing postwar military constraints by increasing its influence in international affairs, moderately modernising its national defence capabilities, and expanding the geographical and substantive scope of the US-Japan alliance. This strategic direction towards goes against the principles of the Yoshida doctrine but reflects the domestic debates about the future of Japanese foreign and securityp policies. The first DPJ prime minister Hatoyama Yukio attempted to deviate from that trend by proposing an alternative strategy based on Japan conducting a more independent foreign policy, distancing itself from the US, and strengthening ties with East Asia. However, after he failed to implement it, his successors not only returned to the previous direction of foreign policy, but accelerated it by passing a number of epochal reforms, which were continued in a more strategic manner by Abe and led to the transformation of Japan’s security posture. However, despite these reforms signifying a clear departure from the Yoshida doctrine, they ultimately represent evolution rather than revolution within the context of Japan’s post-Cold War adjustment and realignment of its security stance. Furthermore, the DPJ’s reforms were instrumental in the implementation of Abe’s agenda and it can be argued that it is in the DPJ’s policies that the origins of Abe’s grand strategy lie

ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ ВНЕДЕРЕНИЯ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ ГОРОДА ЯКУТСКА

Damage to human health and life, material damage caused to the economy due to accidents on highways is one of the most serious socio-economic problems. Currently, this issue is becoming especially acute due to the still low culture of road users, the increase in the number of cars and high public demand for ensuring the safety of all road users. One of the significant reasons for the high accident rate in the city is the existing disproportion between the development of the street road system and the growth of the vehicle fleet, which leads to worsening traffic conditions, congestion, increased delays and increased harmful emissions into the atmosphere, environmental degradation, and social discomfort. Obviously, the modern technical equipment and the state of the organization of traffic do not allow ensuring the safety of traffic entities, and the growing level of motorization of the population and the existing labor migration traffic create an enormous load on the street-road network of the city agglomeration. The above factors generally do not stimulate accelerated social reproduction and are expressed in negative consequences such as an increase in travel time, an increase in the number of vehicle stops, an increase in the loss of time for legal entities and individuals, accelerated wear of the road surface, increased fuel consumption, and environmental degradation. The article presents the results of an analysis of the existing traffic light regulation, statistics of traffic accidents, a sociological survey, shows the grouping of intersections by hazard and congestion criteria, and offers the option of covering intersections of the city of Yakutsk with an intelligent transport system. The factors of a negative impact on safety and traffic management are listed, the prerequisites for the introduction of an intelligent transport system in the territory of the city agglomeration of Yakutsk are identified.El daño a la salud humana y a la vida, el daño material causado a la economía debido a accidentes en las carreteras es uno de los problemas socioeconómicos más graves. Actualmente, este problema se está volviendo especialmente agudo debido a la baja cultura de los usuarios de la carretera, el aumento en el número de automóviles y la alta demanda pública para garantizar la seguridad de todos los usuarios de la carretera. Una de las razones importantes de la alta tasa de accidentes en la ciudad es la desproporción existente entre el desarrollo del sistema de carreteras y el crecimiento de la flota de vehículos, lo que conduce a un empeoramiento de las condiciones del tráfico, la congestión, el aumento de los retrasos y el aumento de las emisiones nocivas en el atmósfera, degradación ambiental e incomodidad social. Obviamente, el equipo técnico moderno y el estado de la organización del tráfico no permiten garantizar la seguridad de las entidades de tráfico, y el creciente nivel de motorización de la población y el tráfico de migración laboral existente crean una enorme carga en la red de calles y carreteras. La aglomeración de la ciudad. Los factores anteriores generalmente no estimulan la reproducción social acelerada y se expresan en consecuencias negativas, como un aumento en el número de paradas de vehículos, un aumento en la pérdida de tiempo para las personas jurídicas y las personas, el desgaste acelerado del superficie de la carretera, mayor consumo de combustible y degradación ambiental. El artículo presenta los resultados de un análisis de la regulación de semáforos existente, estadísticas de accidentes de tráfico, una encuesta sociológica, muestra la agrupación de intersecciones por criterios de peligro y congestión, y ofrece la opción de cubrir las intersecciones de la ciudad de Yakutsk con un dispositivo inteligente. sistema de transporte Se enumeran los factores de un impacto negativo en la seguridad y la gestión del tráfico, se identifican los requisitos previos para la introducción de un sistema de transporte inteligente en el territorio de la aglomeración de la ciudad de Yakutsk.Ущерб здоровью и жизни людей, материальный урон, наносимый экономике вследствие аварийности на автомобильных дорогах, является одной из серьезнейших социально-экономических проблем. В настоящее время данный вопрос приобретает особую остроту в связи со все еще невысокой культурой участников дорожного движения, ростом количества автомобилей и высоким общественным запросом в обеспечении безопасности всех участников дорожного движения. Одной из существенных причин высокого уровня аварийности в городе является сложившаяся диспропорция между развитием уличной дорожной системы и ростом автопарка, которое приводит к ухудшению условий движения, заторам, росту задержек и увеличению вредных выбросов в атмосферу, ухудшению экологической обстановки, социальному дискомфорту. Очевидно, что современная техническая оснащенность и состояние организации дорожного движения не позволяют обеспечить безопасность субъектов движения, а растущий уровень автомобилизации населения и существующий трудовой миграционный трафик создают колоссальную нагрузку на улично-дорожную сеть городской агломерации. Перечисленные факторы в целом не стимулируют ускоренное общественное воспроизводство и выражаются в таких негативных последствиях как, увеличение времени на поездки, рост количества остановок транспортных средств, рост потерь времени юридических и физических лиц, ускорение износа дорожного покрытия, увеличение расхода топлива, ухудшение экологической обстановки. В статье приведены результаты анализа существующего светофорного регулирования, статистики дорожно-транспортных происшествий, проведенного социологический опроса, показана группировка перекрестков по критериям опасности и загруженности, предложен вариант охвата перекрестков города Якутска интеллектуальной транспортной системой. Перечислены факторы негативного влияния на безопасность и организацию дорожного движения, выявлены предпосылки внедрения интеллектуальной транспортной системы на территории городской агломерации Якутска

Octahedral slip in nickel single crystals induced by scratch testing

Investigation of the effect of crystallographic orientation on mechanical properties, behavior under loading, or deformation relief of single crystals is topical. One of the methods that make it possible to achieve unambiguous mutual orientation of the material structure and the applied load is scratch testing. This research is aimed at establishing the features of the deformation relief formation under various crystallographic conditions (orientation of the plane and scratch direction). The paper presents the experimental results on scratch testing on single crystals of nickel. The face of a single crystal (010) and two scratch directions [001], [–101] were investigated. The scratch testing parameters at which slip begins on the {111} planes have been determined. It is shown that the slip is activated most easily in the systems parallel to the direction of the indenter movement and in the systems oriented thereto at an angle of 45°. Three stages are identified on the scratch friction force vs normal load (F-N curve) and the correlation of the stages with the beginning of the shear traces formation is shown. The parameters of the transition to the third stage of the F-N curve and the magnitude of the friction force for scratch testing depend on the crystallographic orientation direction of the indenter movemen

Advanced ultrasonic testing of complex shaped composite structures

Due to the wide application of composite materials it is necessary to develop unconventional quality control techniques. One of the methods that can be used for this purpose is ultrasonic tomography. In this article an application of a robotic ultrasonic system is considered. Precise positioning of the robotic scanner and path generating are defined as ones of the most important aspects. This study proposes a non-contact calibration method of a robotic ultrasonic system. Path of the scanner requires a 3D model of controlled objects which are created in accordance with the proposed algorithm. The suggested techniques are based on implementation of structured light method

Relationship between acoustic emission and microcrack formation in single crystals of Hadfield steel

Abrasive wear is not favorable for Hadfield steel. The connection between the acoustic emission signal and th

Experimental Research Into Generation of Acoustic Emission Signals in the Process of Friction of Hadfield Steel Single Crystals

The results of experimental research into dry sliding friction of Hadfield steel single crystals involving registration of acoustic emission are presented in the paper. The images of friction surfaces of Hadfield steel single crystals and wear grooves of the counterbody surface made after completion of three serial experiments conducted under similar conditions and friction regimes are given. The relation of the acoustic emission waveform envelope to the changing friction factor is revealed. Amplitude-frequency characteristics of acoustic emission signal frames are determined on the base of Fast Fourier Transform and Short Time Fourier Transform during the run-in stage of tribounits and in the process of stable friction

Global generalized solutions for Maxwell-alpha and Euler-alpha equations

We study initial-boundary value problems for the Lagrangian averaged alpha models for the equations of motion for the corotational Maxwell and inviscid fluids in 2D and 3D. We show existence of (global in time) dissipative solutions to these problems. We also discuss the idea of dissipative solution in an abstract Hilbert space framework.Comment: 27 pages, to appear in Nonlinearit

The fungal literature-based occurrence database for southern West Siberia (Russia)

The paper presents the initiative on literature-based occurrence data mobilisation of fungi and fungi-related organisms (literature-based occurrences, Darwin Core MaterialCitation) to develop the Fungal literature-based occurrence database for the southern West Siberia (FuSWS). The initiative on mobilisation of literature-based occurrence data started in the northern part of West Siberia in 2016. The present project extends the initiative to the southern regions and includes ten administrative territories (Tyumen Region, Sverdlovsk Region, Chelyabinsk Region, Omsk Region, Kurgan Region, Tomsk Region, Novosibirsk Region, Kemerovo Region, Altai Territory and Republic of Altai). The area occupies the central to southern part of the West Siberian Plain and extends for about 1.5 K km from the west to the east from the eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains to Yenisey River and from north to south—about 1.3 K km. The total area equals about 1.4 million km . The initiative is actively growing in spatial, collaboration and data accumulation terms. The working group of about 30 mycologists from eight organisations dedicated to the data mobilisation was created as part of the Siberian Mycological Society (informal organisation since 2019). They have compiled the almost complete bibliographic list of mycology-related papers for the southern West Siberia, including over 900 publications for the last two centuries (the earliest dated 1800). All literature sources were digitised and an online library was created to integrate bibliography metadata and digitised papers using Zotero bibliography manager. The analysis of published sources showed that about two-thirds of works contain occurrences of fungi for the scope of mobilisation. At the time of the paper submission, the database had been populated with a total of about 8 K records from 93 sources. The dataset is uploaded to GBIF, where it is available for online search of species occurrences and/or download. The project's page with the introduction, templates, bibliography list, video-presentations and written instructions is available (in Russian) at the web site of the Siberian Mycological Society. The initiative will be continued in the following years to extract the records from all published sources. New information The paper presents the first project with the aim of literature-based occurrence data mobilisation of fungi and fungi-related organisms in the southern West Siberia. The full bibliography and a digital library of all regional mycological publications created for the first time includes about 900 published works. By the time of paper submission, nearly 8 K occurrence records were extracted from about 90 literature sources and integrated into the FuSWS database published in GBIF

Hybrid Nanoparticles for Haloperidol Encapsulation: Quid Est Optimum?

The choice of drug delivery carrier is of paramount importance for the fate of a drug in a human body. In this study, we have prepared the hybrid nanoparticles composed of FDA-approved Eudragit L100-55 copolymer and polymeric surfactant Brij98 to load haloperidol-an antipsychotic hydrophobic drug used to treat schizophrenia and many other disorders. This platform shows good drug-loading efficiency and stability in comparison to the widely applied platforms of mesoporous silica (MSN) and a metal-organic framework (MOF). ZIF8, a biocompatible MOF, failed to encapsulate haloperidol, whereas MSN only showed limited encapsulation ability. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that haloperidol has low binding with the surface of ZIF8 and MSN in comparison to Eudragit L100-55/Brij98, thus elucidating the striking difference in haloperidol loading. With further optimization, the haloperidol loading efficiency could reach up to 40% in the hybrid Eudragit L100-55/Brij98 nanoparticles with high stability over several months. Differential scanning calorimetry studies indicate that the encapsulated haloperidol stays in an amorphous state inside the Eudragit L100-55/Brij98 nanoparticles. Using a catalepsy and open field animal tests, we proved the prolongation of haloperidol release in vivo, resulting in later onset of action compared to the free drug

Open Data, Open Source and Open Standards in chemistry: The Blue Obelisk five years on

RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are.Abstract Background The Blue Obelisk movement was established in 2005 as a response to the lack of Open Data, Open Standards and Open Source (ODOSOS) in chemistry. It aims to make it easier to carry out chemistry research by promoting interoperability between chemistry software, encouraging cooperation between Open Source developers, and developing community resources and Open Standards. Results This contribution looks back on the work carried out by the Blue Obelisk in the past 5 years and surveys progress and remaining challenges in the areas of Open Data, Open Standards, and Open Source in chemistry. Conclusions We show that the Blue Obelisk has been very successful in bringing together researchers and developers with common interests in ODOSOS, leading to development of many useful resources freely available to the chemistry community.Peer Reviewe