A percepção do envelhecimento e seu impacto na saúde mental dos idosos / The perception of aging and its impact on the mental health of the elderly

Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura que teve por objetivo buscar artigos dessa revisão é trazer informações sobre o envelhecimento saudável, saúde mental, livre de doença, e percepção do envelhecimento. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizadas as bases SCIELO, LILACS e PUBMED. Inicialmente foram encontrados 272 artigos, mas destes apenas 26 relacionavam aos temas propriamente ditos. Destes 26, foram selecionados 12 artigos. Estes 12 artigos foram os que trouxeram de fato relações entre a percepção do envelhecimento e os seus impactos na saúde mental. Os resultados apontaram que a maioria dos estudos menciona envelhecimento vinculado a doença mental e transtornos mentais como ansiedade e depressão. Destacam-se aspectos de prevenção, prática de atividade física, interação social e um olhar diferenciado a saúde para se envelhecer melhor e com menos doenças psíquicas

Prevalence of rheumatoid cachexia in rheumatoid arthritis : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Low muscle mass occurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis without weight loss; this condition is referred asrheumatoid cachexia. The aim of the current study was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine therheumatoid cachexia prevalence. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies published in English, between 1994 and 2016, wasconducted using MEDLINE (via PubMed) and other relevant sources. Search strategies were based on pre-defined keywordsand medical subject headings. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Meta-analysis was used to estimate the prevalence, and because studies reported different methods and criteria to estimatebody composition and prevalence of rheumatoid cachexia, subgroup analyses were performed. Meta-regression adjusted forthe 28-joint disease activity score and disease duration (years) was performed (significance level atP≤0.05). Results: Of 136 full articles (one duplicate publication) screened for inclusion in the study, eight were included. The esti-mated overall prevalence of rheumatoid cachexia was 19% [95% confidence interval (CI) 07–33%]. This prevalence was 29%(95% CI 15–46%) when body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. When the diagnostic criteriawere fat-free mass index below the 10th percentile and fat mass index above the 25th percentile, rheumatoid cachexia prev-alence was 32% (95% CI 14–52%). The 28-joint disease activity score and disease duration had no influence on the estimatedprevalence of rheumatoid cachexia (P>0.05). Most studies were rated as having moderate methodological quality. Conclusions: Meta-analysis showed a prevalence of rheumatoid cachexia of 15-32%, according to different criteria, demon-strating that this condition is a frequent comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis. To better understand its clinical impact, more studies using standardized definitions and prospective evaluations are urgently needed

Active Listening as a Health Care Humanization Strategy

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência da assistência em saúde prestada a pacientes vítimas e/ou agressores da violência urbana, no cuidado hospitalar. Métodos: Trata-se de relato de experiência da assistência em saúde prestada aos jovens, vítimas ou agressores, da violência urbana no cuidado hospitalar. Resultados: Essa interação profissional-usuário por meio do acolhimento e escuta ativa demonstrou que a assistência em saúde, além de realizar procedimentos técnicos e utilizar recursos de alta tecnologia, tem o desafio de diminuir a distância entre o profissional e o paciente na perspectiva de tornar a assistência de saúde integral e humanizada. Conclusão: A partir da experiência vivenciada foi possível perceber que a assistência profissional precisa considerar os aspectos singulares da história de vida do paciente. Esse entendimento impacta no modo como a assistência de saúde é prestada pelos profissionais, exigindo que práticas e estratégias escolhidas se diversifiquem e possam ultrapassar a abordagem biomédica para um modelo biopsicossocial.Objective: to report the experience of the health care provided to patients victims and/or aggressors of urban violence in hospital care. Methods: this is an account of the experience of health care provided to young people, victims or perpetrators of urban violence in hospital care. Results: this professional-user interaction through active listening and reception has demonstrated that health care, in addition to performing technical procedures and using high technology resources, has the challenge of reducing the distance between the professional and the patient in order to make comprehensive and humanized health care. Conclusion: based on the experience, it was possible to perceive that the professional assistance needs to consider the singular aspects of the patient’s life history. This understanding impacts on the way health care is provided by professionals, requiring that practices and strategies chosen diversify and can go beyond the biomedical approach to a biopsychosocial model

SARCOPENIA E ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE IDOSOS RESIDENTES EM UMA COMUNIDADE NO SUL DO BRASIL

Introdução: Atualmente, a sarcopenia tem sido considerada como  importante fator de risco para a redução da mobilidade, aumento no número de quedas e fraturas; e, é comumente associada com um alto risco de hospitalização, institucionalização, dependência, piora da qualidade de vida e mortalidade. Objetivo: verificar a prevalência de sarcopenia e o estado nutricional em idosos de um município do Sul do Brasil. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional, realizado com idosos do Sul do Brasil. A sarcopenia foi determinada de acordo com o critério European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelo Questionário Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MAN). Aspectos socioeconômicos, demográficos e de desempenho físico foram descritos. Resultados: o estudo contou com uma amostra de 327 idosos; destes, 52,6% apresentaram provável sarcopenia, 23,7% obtiveram confirmação do diagnóstico de sarcopenia e 20,7% apresentavam sarcopenia severa de acordo com os critérios de EWGSOP2. Na avaliação do estado nutricional pela MAN, todos os idosos foram considerados com estado nutricional normais, porém 34,3% dos prováveis sarcopênicos apresentavam excesso de peso, enquanto 17,6% idosos apresentaram risco de desnutrição e 2% desnutridos. Conclusão: os dados apontam uma alta prevalência de idosos com provável sarcopenia (baixa força muscular) e excesso de peso (aumento da circunferência da cintura e índice de massa corporal), sugerindo um desequilíbrio energético nutricional desses idosos.

Temporal development of muscle atrophy in murine model of arthritis is related to disease severity

Results The clinical parameters of arthritis progressively increased in CIA in all experimental times, demonstrating the greatest difference from other groups at 45 days after induction (clinical score: CO, 00±00; SA, 1.00±0.14; CIA, 3.28±0.41 p>0.05). The CIA animals had lower weights during all the experimentation periods with a difference of 6 % from CO at 45 days (p>0.05). CIA animals also demonstrated progressive decrease in distance walked, with a reduction of 54 % in 35 and 74 % at 45 days. Cytokine analysis identified significant increase in IL-6 serum levels in CIA than CO and SA in all experimental times. CSA of the myofiber of GA and TAwas decreased 26 and 31 % (p> 0.05) in CIA in 45 days after the induction of disease, respectively. There was significant and inverse correlation between the disease clinical score and myofiber CSA in 45 days (GA: r=−0.71; p=0.021). Conclusion Our results point to a progressive development of muscle wasting, with premature onset arthritis. These observations are relevant to understand the development of muscle loss, as well as for the design of future studies trying to understand the mechanisms involved in muscle wasting. As far as we are concerned, this is the first study to evaluate the relation between disease score and muscle atrophy in a model of arthritis

Effect of Antioxidant Treatment on Fibrogenesis in Rats with Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Cirrhosis

Aim. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity of quercetin (Q) in an experimental model of cirrhosis induced by CCl4 inhalation. Materials and Methods. We used 25 male Wistar rats (250 g) that were divided into 3 groups: control (CO), CCl4, and CCl4 + Q. The rats were subjected to CCl4 inhalation (2x/week) for 16 weeks, and they received phenobarbital in their drinking water at a dose of 0.3 g/dL as a P450 enzyme inducer. Q (50 mg/Kg) was initiated intraperitoneally at 10 weeks of inhalation and lasted until the end of the experiment. Statistical analysis was by ANOVA Student Newman-Keuls (mean ± SEM), and differences were considered statistically significant when P < 0.05. Results. After treatment with quercetin, we observed an improvement in liver complications, decreased fibrosis, as analyzed by picrosirius for the quantification of collagen, and decreased levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) compared with the CCl4 group. It also reduced oxidative stress, as confirmed by the decrease of substances reacting to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the reduced glutathione ratio and glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG). Conclusion. We suggest that the use of quercetin might be promising as an antioxidant therapy in liver fibrosis