Studies of local magnetism and local structure in La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO4

The muon spin rotation (MUSR) study of local magnetism of Sr-doped La2CrO4 is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on magnetic order as detected by local and bulk probes with local atomic environments studies by x ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). Correlations between the MUSR study of local magnetic ordering and the bulk magnetization study are presented along with a discussion of the dependence upon oxygen stoichiometry. Results are presented for both superconducting phases and magnetic phases. Recent data which reveals the existence of local magnetic ordering in the hydrogen-doped YBa2Cu3O7 system are also discussed

Tactile experience induces c-fos expression in rat barrel cortex

Understanding gene expression that is responsive to sensory stimulation is central to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal plasticity. In this study we demonstrate two new methods of stimulating whiskers that provide major sensory input to rat neocortex. In the first paradigm, animals were placed on the top of a cylinder and their vibrissae were brushed by hand, In the second paradigm, animals were placed for a brief period or time into a new, wired cage resulting in vibrissae stimulation when they explored the new environment. Both approaches induced c-Fos expression in barrel cortex corresponding to the stimulated vibrissae, especially in layer IV. Layers II/III and V/VI also showed c-Fos induction, but there were no detectable changes in layer VIb. The majority of c-Fos-expressing cells are probably not inhibitory neurons, because they do not show parvalbumin staining. Both paradigms, in contrast to the previous methods, are simple to use and do not require anesthesia, restraint of animals, or elaborate experimental setups

Strafrechtliche Probleme des Terrorismus im Polnischen Strafgesetzbuch

Zdigitalizowano i udostępniono w ramach projektu pn. Rozbudowa otwartych zasobów naukowych Repozytorium Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, dofinansowanego z programu „Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki” Ministra Edukacji i Nauki na podstawie umowy SONB/SP/512497/2021“The criminal law aspects of terrorism in Polish penal code” is the title of this article. The main goal is to present Polish regulations referring to the fight against terrorist activities and to comment on them as well. The article consists of five parts. The first one is an introduction to the problem which is being analyzed. The Authors present also the reason why they take this issue under consideration. The second part describes Polish regulations as far as main principles of criminal liability are concerned. They are connected with i.e. the place of committing a crime (on Polish territory or abroad), citizenship of the perpetrator (Polish citizen or foreigner). The Authors focus directly on the phenomenon of terrorism in Polish penal code in the next part. There are several issues being presented including: the definition of terrorist act, the consequences of committing a terrorist act, the criminalization of being a member of organized group or association which has an aim to commit a terrorist act. The fourth part of the paper refers to the matter of criminal liability of legal entities. This is an issue which stretches beyond penal code because it is being covered by separate act of 2002. This type of liability is also connected with terrorist activities. The last article of the paper is a summery.Dr Ewa Monika Guzik-Makaruk was born in 1971 in Jaworzno. She was studying at the Faculty of Law, Branch of Warsaw University in Białystok between 1990 and 1995. She has been employed at the Department of Criminology and Organized Crime Related Issues (currently the Chair of Criminal Law and Criminology) at the Faculty of Law University in Białystok since 1994. Dr E. M. Guzik-Makaruk has finished the judiciary practice with the mark of ‘very good’ in 1997 within the circle of Appellate Court in Białystok. She has received the title of ‘doctor of criminal law’ in 2000. It based on the dissertation under the title of “Religious Sects in Poland. A legal and criminological study”. There are several fields of interest of hers including the activities of religious sects in Poland and abroad, legal and criminological aspects of transplantation of organs, cells and tissues in international comparison, as well as international criminal law. She has written many publications about those issues. She is also a scholarship holder of Martin Luther Universität Halle Wittenberg (Germany), Universität Bern (Switzerland), Aristoteleio Panepistimio Thessalonikis (Greece). Dr E. M. Guzik-Makaruk is a president of the Association Popularization of Legal Knowledge.In 2004 she has received a scholarship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany) in order to conduct a research project about the legal and criminological aspects of transplantation in Poland and in selected Western European countries. This research was carried out during her staying at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich (Germany) under scientific supervision of Professor Bernd SchünemannDr Wojciech Filipkowski was born in 1975 in Łomża. He was studying law between 1994 and 1999 at the Faculty of Law University in Białystok. The master’s degree paper was entitled “The domestic violence”. He was subsequently a Ph.D. student of Professor Emil W. Pływaczewski at the Chair of Criminology and Organized Crime Related Issues between 1999 and 2001. Dr W. Filipkowski has defended a doctoral dissertation entitled “Anti money laundering regulations in Poland with special regard to institutions of financial market” in April 5, 2002. He has been working as legal scholar and researcher at the Faculty of Law University in Białystok since 2001. The main field of interest is economic aspects of fighting crime especially terrorist financing and money laundering phenomena. The secondary fields are terrorism, organized crime, utilization of new technologies in the fight against criminality. He is an author of many publications covering those fields. He is also a scholarship holder of Bern Universität (Switzerland). It was a three-month staying at the Institut für Strafrecht und Kriminologie. Dr W. Filipkowski lecture on several topics including money laundering, economic crimes. He is also an active participant in the Livelong Learning ERASMUS Programme teaching foreign students in Poland and giving lectures abroadEwa Monika Guzik-Makaruk - The Department of Criminology and Organized Crime Related at the Faculty of Law University in BiałystokWojciech Filipkowski - The Faculty of Law University in Białystok18119

Coexistence of glassy antiferromagnetism and giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in Fe/Cr multilayer structures

Using temperature-dependent magnetoresistance and magnetization measurements on Fe/Cr multilayers that exhibit pronounced giant magnetoresistance (GMR), we have found evidence for the presence of a glassy antiferromagnetic (GAF) phase. This phase reflects the influence of interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) at low temperature (T < 140K) and is characterized by a field-independent glassy transition temperature, Tg, together with irreversible behavior having logarithmic time dependence below a "de Almeida and Thouless" (AT) critical field line. At room temperature, where the GMR effect is still robust, IEC plays only a minor role, and it is the random potential variations acting on the magnetic domains that are responsible for the antiparallel interlayer domain alignment.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Study of local structure and magnetism in high-T(sub c) copper oxide superconductors

The muon spin rotation (MUSR) study of local magnetism of Sr-doped La2CuO4 is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on magnetic order as detected by local and bulk probes with local atomic environments studied by x ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). Correlations between the MUSR study of local magnetic ordering and the bulk magnetization study are presented along with a discussion of the dependence upon oxygen stoichiometry. Results are presented for both superconducting phases and magnetic phases. Recent data which reveals the existence of local magnetic ordering in the hydrogen-doped YBa2Cu3O7 system are also discussed

Dispersion management in nonlinear photonic crystal fibres with nanostructured core

The subwavelength structure of the core of a photonic crystal fibre can modify its dispersion characteristic and significantly shift the zero dispersion wavelength. The dispersion properties of photonic crystal fibres with core structures made of a 2D lattice of subwavelength air holes and various glass inclusions are studied. We show that a modification of the core structure can give flat dispersion over a range of over 300 nm and can shift the zero dispersion wavelength over 700 nm while the core diameter and photonic cladding remain unchanged. The developed photonic crystal fibre with nanorod core has successfully demonstrated supercontinuum generation in NIR

Oscillatory biquadratic coupling in Fe/Cr/Fe(001)

Copyright © 1997 The American Physical SocietyPolar Kerr measurements have been used to measure the dependence of the biquadratic coupling strength B12 on Cr thickness in an Fe/Cr/Fe trilayer. The overall behavior, which consists of a maximum coupling strength at dCr=5 Å (3.5 ML) with a falloff at greater Cr thicknesses, is found to be consistent with in-plane Kerr and Brillouin light-scattering measurements performed on the same sample. The polar Kerr measurements suggest additionally that B12 increases from zero near zero Cr thickness, and that it oscillates in magnitude after the first peak, with a second peak in B12 occurring at about dCr=12 Å (8.3 ML). The positions and heights of the first and second biquadratic coupling maxima, in relation to the first bilinear coupling maximum, show excellent agreement with previous measurements by Köbler et al. of the biquadratic coupling behavior in Fe/Cr/Fe, and also show good agreement with the predictions of an intrinsic biquadratic coupling mechanism due to Edwards et al

Activation-induced chromatin reorganization in neurons depends on HDAC1 activity

Spatial chromatin organization is crucial for transcriptional regulation and might be particularly important in neurons since they dramatically change their transcriptome in response to external stimuli. We show that stimulation of neurons causes condensation of large chromatin domains. This phenomenon can be observed in vitro in cultured rat hippocampal neurons as well as in vivo in the amygdala and hippocampal neurons. Activity-induced chromatin condensation is an active, rapid, energy-dependent, and reversible process. It involves calcium-dependent pathways but is independent of active transcription. It is accompanied by the redistribution of posttranslational histone modifications and rearrangements in the spatial organization of chromosome territories. Moreover, it leads to the reorganization of nuclear speckles and active domains located in their proximity. Finally, we find that the histone deacetylase HDAC1 is the key regulator of this process. Our results suggest that HDAC1-dependent chromatin reorganization constitutes an important level of transcriptional regulation in neurons.This work was supported by the National Science Centre grant nos. UMO-2015/18/E/NZ3/00730 (A.M., A.G., H.S.N., E.J. and Y.Y.), 2014/15/N/NZ2/00379 and 2017/24/T/NZ2/00307 (P.T.), 2019/35/O/ST6/02484 (D.P. and G.B.), and 2014/14/M/NZ4/00561 (K.H.O. and R.K.F.). B.W. and B.G. were supported by the Foundation for Polish Science TEAM-TECH Core Facility project “NGS platform for comprehensive diagnostics and personalized therapy in neuro-oncology,” Foundation for Polish Science co-financed by the European Union under the European Regional Development Fund (TEAM to D.P.). A.M.G. was supported by the H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2014 grant Bio4Med (GA no. 665735).Peer reviewe