A FALTA DE QUESTÃO OU A FALTA DE REPERCUSSÃO: EXAME DO ART. 324, § 2º, DO RISTF, ANTE OS ARTIGOS 1.032 E 1.033 DO CPC/2015

O STF apresenta notória incapacidade de julgar, com celeridade, as causas que lhe são submetidas. Mecanismos diversos, como a repercussão geral, vêm sendo criados para amenizar este quadro. Este artigo examina regra do Regimento Interno do STF que ampliou os efeitos da repercussão geral. Em seguida, faz o confronto desta regra regimental com o art. 1.032 do CPC/2015, norma legal que permite a fungibilidade entre o recurso extraordinário e o recurso especial. São examinados, então, os efeitos produzidos pelo novo CPC/2015 em relação à regra regimental, cujo alcance foi atenuado ou até afastado pelo CPC/2015

A natureza jurídica do incentivo fiscal referente à contribuição para o pis e à cofins na zona franca de Manaus / The legal nature of the tax incentive regarding the contribution to pis and cofins in the Manaus free zone

O presente artigo busca abordar sobre a criação da Zona Franca de Manaus - ZFM, dando ênfase para o contexto histórico de seu projeto, para a legislação que deu origem à ZFM e para os principais incentivos fiscais que os contribuintes da região amazônica fazem jus. Será observado quando há a incidência de um tributo, aprofundando o conhecimento na regra-matriz de incidência tributária, analisando todos os seus critérios. Serão estudados os conceitos dos incentivos fiscais para diferenciar “imunidade” de “isenção”. Será feita uma análise entre a legislação que institui a Zona Franca e a compatibilidade com a Constituição Federal de 1988. Após tais análises, estudar-se-á sobre a equiparação das vendas para a ZFM à exportação para chegar a uma definição sobre a natureza jurídica dos incentivos aplicados na Zona Franca de Manaus, mais especificamente sobre as contribuições para o PIS e a COFINS. Será observado que tais contribuições não incidem sobre as receitas das vendas de mercadorias para pessoas localizadas na ZFM. Ao final do trabalho, busca-se responder as seguintes questões: Qual a natureza jurídica do incentivo fiscal da Zona Franca de Manaus

Deposição de serrapilheira em Capões de Mata associados a turfeiras na Serra do Espinhaço Meridional - Parque Estadual do Rio Preto, MG. e2321063

Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of forest islands in the landscape can inform conservation strategies for peatland ecosystems in tropical mountains and specify how different elements interact in landscape formation. We studied a peatland ecosystem at the headwaters of the Preto River, on a plateau surface known as Chapadão do Couto, in the Rio Preto State Park (São Gonçalo do Rio Preto, MG) at an altitude of 1,600 m. We analyzed two forest islands with predominantly semideciduous seasonal forest, one entirely within the peatland and the other at the transition to mesic grassland. The purpose was to investigate variations in the amount and fractioning of litter in each forest fragment at different times of the year, to show responses of the forest to the different conditions of insertion in the peatland and how this affects the dynamics of functional balance of the ecosystem. Four sampling of litter were made within the forest islands (Jun./2018 to Feb./2019) by the aid of 1 m2 collectors made of shade cloth, at a height of 50 cm. We observed a dynamic of interactions with distinct patterns among the forest islands, and also verified variations in the litter with respect to intensity and quantity of deposition, dynamics of deciduousness, this more associated with soil moisture conditions than the temperature at the surface and other features of the soil organic matte

Organic matter composition and paleoclimatic changes in tropical mountain peatlands currently under grasslands and forest clusters

Tropical peatlands are important ecosystems for Planet Earth, as they store large amounts of carbon and water. A better understanding of the impact of vegetation type and altitude in content, composition, and rate of accu mulation of organic matter is key for assessing the current role of such environments. This study evaluated fibric and soluble fractions as well as the lignocellulosic and the isotopic compositions of the peat organic matter from four tropical mountain peatlands located at different altitudes of the Serra do Espinhaço Meridional, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The peatlands are currently under grasslands and forest clusters. Samples of peat under both vegetation types were collected and analyzed for organic matter fractions, cellulose, and lignin (van Soest method), as well as carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Different depths were chosen for radiocarbon dating of se lected samples. The organic matter of peatlands currently under grasslands and forest clusters presented dif ferences in soluble fractions, lignocellulosic composition, and δ13C values. Multivariate analyses allowed grouping the peatlands by altitude and vegetation type. The chronological succession of grassland and forest clusters in tropical mountain peatlands was influenced by altitude and was related to paleoclimatic changes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A influência da dieta na erosão dental: revisão de literatura/ The influence of diet on dental erosion: literature review

A erosão dental é caracterizada pela desmineralização da camada superficial do esmalte, seguido pela perda da estrutura dentária devido ao contato frequente com ácidos. Esse desgaste é facilmente confundido com a abrasão e a atrição, que também acometem a superfície dos dentes, porém têm origem através de processos físico mecânicos. A evolução do processo erosivo resulta em lesões que, concomitantemente, acarretam problemas estéticos e funcionais, incluindo efeitos psicossociais negativos. Devido a ingestão desmedida, do paciente, à alimentos ácidos, o acompanhamento e a supervisão da dieta relacionada a essa patologia são primordiais para uma etapa de prevenção, antes de intervir com algum procedimento restaurador. O método reparador, com materiais odontológicos, previne a progressão, porém, o tratamento não deve ser feito de forma isolada. O presente estudo consiste em uma revisão bibliográfica para construção de uma investigação proposta baseado em livros, artigos e revistas disponíveis nas bases de dados Scielo, PubMed, Google Acadêmico e Bireme-BVS, considerando que as adaptações na dieta do paciente têm grande influência nas causas e consequências do desgaste dental, existindo a necessidade de acompanhamento multiprofissional e especializado

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century