Floristic survey of woody species in mined areas of Federal District, Brazil

Cerca 0,6% da área do Distrito Federal - DF encontra-se degradada pela mineração. Com o objetivo de identificar espécies que possam ser utilizadas em projetos de revegetação, a composição florística do estrato lenhoso das jazidas abandonadas à sucessão foi inventariada. Foram encontradas nesses locais 78 espécies nativas do Cerrado e 14 exóticas. Porém, apenas oito espécies nativas apresentaram freqüência > 50% nos locais minerados. Outras 18 espécies nativas apresentaram freqüências entre 25 e 50%, e as demais 74% das espécies encontradas registraram presença acidental nesses locais (freqüência 50%) e as 18 acessórias (freqüência entre 25% - 50%), que juntas totalizam 78,9% da abundância do estrato lenhoso, são recomendadas para projetos de recuperação de áreas mineradas no Cerrado.Approximately 0.6% of the Federal District in Brazil is degraded by mining. To indicate native woody species for revegetation works, a floristic survey was carried out in abandoned mined sites. Seventyeight native and 14 exotic cerrado species were found on the sites. However, only eight species showed to be constant in such environment (frequency > 50%).Eighteen other species presented frequencies between 25 and 50% and the remaining 74% were considered accidental to mined areas left to primary succession (frequency 50%) plus the eighteen accessory-species (frequencies between 25 and 50%), which account for 78.9% of the woodylayer abundance, can be indicated for revegetation works of mined areas in the Brazilian cerrado

Uma leitura da obra “Pedagogia histórico-crítica, primeiras aproximações”, de Dermeval Saviani

O presente texto apresenta aspectos importantes da obra “Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica, primeiras aproximações”, escrita por Demerval Saviani em 2013. Os fundamentos filosóficos, psicológicos e didático-pedagógicos contidos na obra foram discutidos no presente artigo a fim de demonstrar as importantes contribuições dessa teoria para o debate atual acerca da educação.

Empreender e inovar em sala de aula com a metodologia OKR / Entrepreneurship and innovation in the classroom with the OKR methodology

A sala de aula tradicionalmente tem sido um espaço em que a inovação está  evidenciada somente através dos equipamentos físicos, tais como: projetores, lousas digitais, aulas pelas plataformas MOOC(Massive Online Open Courses), ou ainda a utilização dos leaning mobiles. Ao ouvirmos falar em metodologias ágeis, somos levados a pensar nas empresas inovadoras, mas dificilmente na aplicabilidade dessas metodologias ágeis em sala de aula. Em contrapartida, elevar a performance para a compreensão dos conteúdos apresentados na aprendizagem, tem sido um dos desafios mais comuns no ambiente acadêmico. Em uma experiência recente em sala de aula, foi aplicada uma metodologia ágil, para suplantar o objetivo desse estudo que foi aplicar e analisar a metodologia OKR em sala de aula em uma turma de estudantes de graduação. Em nossas análises, foi possível constatar uma sensível elevação na compreensão do conteúdo apresentado. Percebemos também que quando adotadas metodologias ágeis em sala de aula, o empreendedorismo, de certa maneira, ganha mais espaço proporcionando assim discussões mais profundas sobre o tema. Melhorar a compreensão de um tema exposto é o desejo de todo docente. Medir esta absorção sem a utilização das avaliações tradicionais  também é uma inovação. Os resultados imediatos apresentados pela aplicação da OKR podem balizar as aulas seguintes. Os resultados demonstram que através da aplicabilidade da OKRs, os estudantes tiveram a possibilidade de participar da implantação da proposta de trabalho desde o princípio, se engajando na absorção do conhecimento de maneira diferenciada.  Conclui-se  com esse estudo que está na mão dos docentes a transformação da sociedade educacional, (TARDIF, 2013), mas esses precisam se atualizar e trazer práticas inovadoras e ágeis do mercado corporativo, pois com isso estarão formando as gerações do futuro e propiciando que elas possam se sentir pertencentes ao mundo da tecnologia digital e ágil

Potential of Klebsiella oxytoca for 1,3-propanediol production from glycerol under excess substrate conditions

Glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel, is a source of carbon for the bioproduction of chemical intermediates with high commercial value, such as 1,3-propanediol. One strain of Klebsiella oxytoca, isolated from soil samples, was tested to determine its potential to produce 1,3-propanediol through fermentation of a glycerol solution, under excess substrate conditions. The microbial growth curve was evaluated by optical density reading using a spectrophotometer (600 nm), while glycerol consumption and concentration of the products were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with HPX 87H column (BioRad). Formate, 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde and ethanol were produced in the early hours of fermentation. The increased rate of glycerol consumption and the formation of 1,3-propanediol coincides with formate degradation. This indicates that formate degradation likely works as an alternative means to generate part of the nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NADH) used by the 1,3-propanediol-dehydrogenase enzyme. Yield in mole of product per 100 mol of substrate reached 48.5, which is higher than that of previously investigated K. oxytoca strains.Keywords: Klebsiella oxytoca, glycerol, fermentation, 1,3-propanediol, biodiese

Nutritional characterization of Quinoa from brazilian variety BRs Piabiru / Caracterização nutricional da Quinoa da variedade brasileira BRs Piabiru

Quinoa stands out for its high resistance to adverse weather and soil conditions and, above all, for its high nutritional value. It surpasses most cereals in the amount of proteins, fats, fibers, vitamins and minerals, presenting a greater balance in the distribution of essential amino acids. In addition to containing high nutritional quality, quinoa is also characterized by being gluten-free, enabling a greater variety and offer of more nutritious food products suitable for people with celiac disease. Despite all these characteristics, the use and knowledge about quinoa is still little in Brazil due to the high cost of imported grain and the lack of knowledge of its benefits by the majority of the Brazilian population, with its industrialization and commercialization still very limited. The aim of this work was to evaluate nutritional quality through analysis of vitamins and carotenoids of the quinoa of the BRS Piabiru variety, developed and adapted to the conditions of the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado). Wholemeal quinoa flour showed high concentrations of carotenoids and vitamins, especially niacin and tocopherols, showing their potential nutritional value, especially when compared to the flours of other cereals commonly used in human consumption.

ZONEAMENTO DO TERRITÓRIO PARA A IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE CORREDORES ECOLÓGICOS NO DISTRITO FEDERAL

Territory zoning for the identification of ecological corridors in the Brazilian Federal District The remaining natural areas in the Brazilian Federal District - DF have been suffering from insularization. The largest and best preserved spots of Savannah (Cerrado) in DF are currently kept in some natural reserves, which have granted the status of Cerrado Biosphere Reserve’s Core Zones. This work aims to identify green connections among the Core Zones in DF and between the DF as a whole and the Paranã-Pirineus Ecological Corridor, a 10-million-hectare natural passageway in Cerrado. Results show three corridors in DF: the first one ranges from the southern DF to Maranhão river valley, but it isn’t effective to link the two Core Zones located in DF’s northern region. The second corridor is connecting Brasília National Park to a Core Zone in the south of DF. The third corridor works as a local linkage for the Paranã-Pirineus Corridor. The connection between DF’s preserved areas and Paranã-Pirineus Corridor is essential to keep their biological integrity. Key-words: Ecological corridors; Territory zoning; Paranã-Pirineus; Distrito Federal.As áreas naturais remanescentes no Distrito Federal - DF têm sofrido paulatinamente o processo de insularização. As maiores e mais bem preservadas manchas de Cerrado no DF estão atualmente em algumas Unidades de Conservação, que formam as três Zonas Núcleo da Reserva da Biosfera do Cerrado. Este trabalho visa identificar, por meio de imagem de satélite, os elos naturais de ligação entre essas UC’s e entre o DF e o Corredor Ecológico Paranã-Pirineus, que se estende por 10 milhões de hectares no Cerrado brasileiro. Os resultados indicam a existência de três corredores no DF: o primeiro estende-se do sul do DF ao vale do Rio Maranhão, mas não liga efetivamente as UC’s localizadas ao norte do DF. O segundo corredor garante a passagem entre o Parque Nacional de Brasília e as UC’s localizadas ao sul. O terceiro corredor presta-se à conexão distrital do Corredor Paranã-Pirineus. A incorporação dos corredores distritais ao Corredor Paranã-Pirineus é essencial para garantir a integridade biológica das UC’s do DF e para aumentar a sua efetividade do Paraná-Pirineus. Palavras-Chave: Corredores ecológicos; Zoneamento territorial; Paranã-Pirineus; Distrito Federal

Fitossociologia da mata do Morro da Quixaba no território de Fernando de Noronha

O território de Fernando de Noronha localiza-se a 32º 25'30" W de longitude e 3º 50' 10" S de latitude e é composto por 21 ilhas. Este trabalho foi realizado na ilha principal na região do Morro da Quixaba até a Ponta da Sapata, onde a vegetação foi menos perturbada nas últimas décadas. Utilizou-se o método de quadrantes para a amostragem de indivíduos com diâmetro mínimo de 5 cm a 30 cm do solo. A distância entre os pontos foi estabelecida em 10 m. No total foram aplicados 100 pontos de amostragem, em diversas picadas alocadas na área de estudo. Foram encontradas 13 famílias sendo dominantes, Nyctaginaceae, Bignoniaceae, Anacardiaceae, Rubiaceae e Euphorbiaceae. Dentre as 16 espécies encontradas, Guapira sp. ocupou a primeira posição em importância com IVI de 100,67%, seguida de Tabebuia roseoalba (55,14%), Spondias mombin (52,17%), Guettarda sp. (21,72%) Allophylus sp. (17,27%). ____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTFernando de Noronha territory is located at 32º 25'30" W and 3º 50'10" S and it is composed of 21 islands. We studied the Quixaba Hill winch extends until to Sapata Point, where the vegetation has been relatively undisturbed on the last decades. The method used the point-centered-quarter. Only individuals with, at least, 5 cm diameter above the ground level was sampled. The distance between points was 10 m with points on peackies in the studied area. We obtained 16 species distributed in 13 families with the dominance of Nyctaginaceae, standing out Bignoniaceae, Anacardiaceae, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Guapira sp. reached the best IVI (100,67), followed by Tabebuia roseo-alba (55,14), Spondias mombin (52,17), Guettarda sp. (21,72) e Allophylus sp. (17,27)

Atividade antimicrobiana de kefir fermentado com subproduto de uva contra Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris / Antimicrobial activity of fermented kefir with a byproduction

Alicyclobacillus spp. they are spore-forming bacteria that deteriorate acidic fruit-based drinks, causing economic losses, with A. acidoterrestris being the most studied, responsible for causing sensory changes, especially in orange juice. The use of natural antimicrobial agents in foods can be an option with great advantages for the industry and the consumer. Therefore, the objective of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of extracts fermented by kefir, from a grape by-product, against A. acidoterrestris. Four extracts were prepared with kefir grains, being 1 - grape extract and kefir grains; 2 - grape extract, brown sugar and kefir grains; 3 - grape extract, ultrasound and kefir grains; and 4 - grape extract, ultrasound, brown sugar and kefir grains. The four extracts were fermented at 28 ºC for 7 days. The extracts were centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was subjected to membrane filtration (0.22 μm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the serial microdilution technique of extracts of 50 to 0.1% concentration in Bacillus acidoterrestris (BAT) medium. The minimum bactericidal concentration (CBM) was also determined. Structural changes in cells after treatment were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The MIC value capable of inhibiting the visible growth of A. acidoterrestris for all extracts was 1.6%, while the CBM was 50% for extracts 1 and 3, while for extracts 2 and 4 the CBM was 25%. The results show that extracts 2 and 4 obtained better CBM value, possibly because kefir produced more secondary metabolites with the addition of brown sugar, in addition, the use of ultrasound did not interfere. The results of the inhibitory and/or bactericidal concentration indicate that the extracts have activity against A. acidotrrestris

Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of carvacrol against Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium

The present study evaluated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of carvacrol against Salmonella Typhimurium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined and the time-kill curve and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to evaluate antibacterial activity. Antibiofilm activity was evaluated by quantifying total biomass using crystal violet assay, and metabolic activity was determined using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. The action of carvacrol against preformed biofilm on polypropylene and stainless steel was also evaluated by colony counting and SEM. The MIC and MBC was 312 µg mL-1. Carvacrol at MIC and 2 x MIC eliminated cells after 6 and 1 h of treatment, respectively, as exhibited in the time-kill curve. The greatest reduction in biofilm biomass and metabolic activity was 1,719 OD550 and 0,089 OD550 respectively, both at 4 x MIC of carvacrol. In carvacrol treated biofilms of S. Typhimurium on polypropylene, a reduction of 5.12 log was observed with 4 x MIC, while on stainless steel, carvacrol at 4 x MIC reduced bacterial counts by 5 log. The results showed that carvacrol exhibits antibacterial activity and can be used as an alternative for the control of S. Typhimurium biofilms