Leadership Serviteur : Leadership au Service de l’Entrepreneuriat Social

Servant leadership and its relationship with organizational performance are popular research topics across various disciplines. However, there is a lack of studies on servant leadership in the context of social entrepreneurship. This article is a conceptual study aiming to explore servant leadership in the context of social entrepreneurship. The focus is on discussing the possible significant impact of servant leadership on the performance of social enterprises. Previous research has identified a gap in understanding the mechanisms through which servant leadership influences the performance of social enterprises. Therefore, this article specifically focuses on one possible mechanism, which is organizational commitment, based on existing literature. The objective of this article is to construct a conceptual framework that clarifies the relationship between servant leadership and social entrepreneurship by providing a deeper understanding of the role of organizational commitment in this relationship. Keywords: Servant leadership, social entrepreneurship, Performance, Organizational commitment. JEL Classification: L26 Paper type: Theoretical ResearchRésumé Le leadership serviteur et sa relation sur la performance de l'organisation constituent un sujet de recherche populaire parmi les chercheurs dans plusieurs disciplines. Cependant, il existe un manque d'études sur le leadership serviteur dans l'entrepreneuriat social. Cet article est une étude conceptuelle ayant pour objectif d’explorer ce style de leadership dans le contexte d’entrepreneuriat social. Il est proposé de discuter de l’effet significatif possible du style de leadership serviteur sur la performance des entreprises sociales. Il a été remarqué l’insuffisance de travaux traitant les mécanismes à travers lesquels le leadership serviteur impact la performance des entreprises sociales. Ainsi, cet article se concentre, en se basant sur la littérature existante, sur l'un des mécanismes possibles à travers lesquelles le leadership serviteur affecte la performance de ce type d’entreprises qui est l’engagement organisationnel. Cet article tente de construire un cadre conceptuel clarifiant la relation entre le leadership serviteur, l'entrepreneuriat social en fournissant une compréhension approfondie du rôle de l’engagement organisationnel dans cette relation.   Mots clés : Leadership serviteur, Entrepreneuriat social, Performance, Engagement organisationnel. Classification JEL : L26 Type de l’article : Article théorique &nbsp

AXONAL SEGREGATION AND ROLE OF THE VESICULAR GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER VGLUT3 IN SEROTONIN NEURONS

A subset of monoamine neurons releases glutamate as a cotransmitter due to specific expression of the vesicular glutamate transporters VGLUT2 or VGLUT3. In addition to mediating fast synaptic excitation, it has been proposed that VGLUT3 enhances serotonin (5-HT) vesicular loading by the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) in 5-HT neurons. In dopamine (DA) neurons, glutamate appears to be released from specialized subsets of terminals and it may play a developmental role, promoting neuronal growth and survival. The hypothesis of a similar developmental role and axonal localization of glutamate co-release in 5-HT neurons has not been directly examined. Using postnatal mouse raphe neurons in culture, we first observed that in contrast to 5-HT itself, other phenotypic markers of 5-HT axon terminals such as the 5-HT reuptake transporter (SERT) show a more restricted localization in the axonal arborization. Interestingly, only a subset of SERT- and 5-HT-positive axonal varicosities expressed VGLUT3, with SERT and VGLUT3 being mostly segregated. Using VGLUT3 knockout mice, we found that deletion of this transporter leads to reduced survival of 5-HT neurons in vitro and also decreased the density of 5-HT-immunoreactivity in terminals in the dorsal striatum and dorsal part of the hippocampus in the intact brain. Our results demonstrate that raphe 5-HT neurons express SERT and VGLUT3 mainly in segregated axon terminals and that VGLUT3 regulates the vulnerability of these neurons and the neurochemical identity of their axonal domain, offering new perspectives on the functional connectivity of a cell population involved in anxiety disorders and depression

Seaweed polysaccharides as bio-elicitors of natural defenses in olive trees against verticillium wilt of olive

Ulvan, carrageenan, alginate and laminarin were tested in olive trees’ twigs to elicit phenolic metabolism and control verticillium wilt of olive (VWO) caused by Verticillium dahliae. The elicitation effect was determined through phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, total polyphenol content and lignin content. VWO was assessed in twigs previously elicited (24 h) and maintained in a solution containing bio-elicitors (2 g/L) and conidial suspension (106 conidia/mL). Our results showed stimulation of the phenolic metabolism and the decline of wilt symptoms. Ulvan reduced significantly the area under the disease progress curve for severity to 39.9% and the final incidence to 28.9%. Ulvan and alginate produced significant inhibitory rates on mycelial growth of the fungus in vitro. Seaweed polysaccharides might help to overcome VWO by strengthening the host defense metabolism and restricting the pathogen’s growth

Axonal Segregation and Role of the Vesicular Glutamate Transporter VGLUT3 in Serotonin Neurons

International audienceA subset of monoamine neurons releases glutamate as a cotransmitter due to presence of the vesicular glutamate transporters VGLUT2 or VGLUT3. In addition to mediating vesicular loading of glutamate, it has been proposed that VGLUT3 enhances serotonin (5-HT) vesicular loading by the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) in 5-HT neurons. In dopamine (DA) neurons, glutamate appears to be released from specialized subsets of terminals and it may play a developmental role, promoting neuronal growth and survival. The hypothesis of a similar developmental role and axonal localization of glutamate co-release in 5-HT neurons has not been directly examined. Using postnatal mouse raphe neurons in culture, we first observed that in contrast to 5-HT itself, other phenotypic markers of 5-HT axon terminals such as the 5-HT reuptake transporter (SERT) show a more restricted localization in the axonal arborization. Interestingly, only a subset of SERT-and 5-HT-positive axonal varicosities expressed VGLUT3, with SERT and VGLUT3 being mostly segregated. Using VGLUT3 knockout mice, we found that deletion of this transporter leads to reduced survival of 5-HT neurons in vitro and also decreased the density of 5-HT-immunoreactivity in terminals in the dorsal striatum and dorsal part of the hippocampus in the intact brain. Our results demonstrate that raphe 5-HT neurons express SERT and VGLUT3 mainly in segregated axon terminals and that VGLUT3 regulates the vulnerability of these neurons and the neurochemical identity of their axonal domain, offering new perspectives on the functional connectivity of a cell population involved in anxiety disorders and depression

Etude cartographique des orchidées de Kabylie, Numidie, Aurès (Algérie)

International audienceThis document is a summary of recent data about orchids from north-eastern Algeria. The areas concerned are the Kabylia in the broad sense and the historic Algerian Numidia with its adjacent mountains of Hodna and Aurès. They are very diverse territories in terms of geography (from the coast up to + 2000m altitude), bioclimate (from the semi-arid stage to the per-humid stage) and lithology (alluvium, limestone, dolomite, clays, shales, sandstones, granites, etc.).All the data published from 2005 have been synthesised and a lot of unpublished data observed from 2002 has been gathered thanks to around fifteen collaborators. Despite this, many sectors are still untouched for exploration and will need to be investigated in the future.Thus, 55 species have been illustrated and mapped. 8 others are known historically but have not yet been found. Finally, a last one has been reported in the past by mistake. The main synonyms are reminded. The taxonomic choice is following a similar recent work carried out on the Tunisian Orchids, with some rearrangements at the genus levela. A new nomenclatural combination has been created for the needs (Androrchis pauciflora subsp. laeta).A call for contributions is launched to all professional and amateurs Algerian botanists in order to continue the work through the whole Algerian TellCe document est un travail de synthèse des données récentes concernant les Orchidées du nord-est de l’Algérie. Les régions concernées sont la Kabylie au sens large et la Numidie historique algérienne avec ses montagnes adjacentes du Hodna et de l’Aurès. Ce sont des territoires très divers sur le plan géographique (du littoral jusqu’à + de 2000m d’altitude), bioclimatique (de l’étage semi-aride à l’étage per-humide) et lithologique (alluvions, calcaires, dolomies, argiles, schistes, grès, granites, etc.). Toutes les données publiées à partir de 2005 ont été synthétisées et beaucoup de données inédites observées à partir de 2002 ont été rassemblées grâce à une quinzaine de collaborateurs. Malgré cela de nombreux secteurs sont encore vierges de prospection et devront être investigués à l’avenir.C’est donc 55 espèces qui ont été illustrées et cartographiées. 8 autres sont connues historiquement mais n’ont pas encore été retrouvées. Enfin une dernière a été signalée par le passé par erreur. Les principaux synonymes sont rappelés. Le choix taxonomique s’inspire d’un travail récent similaire effectué sur les Orchidées de Tunisie, à quelques réarrangement près au niveau des genres. Une combinaison nomenclaturale nouvelle a été créée pour l’occasion (Androrchis pauciflorasubsp. laeta).Un appel à contribution est lancé auprès de tous les botanistes professionnels et amateurs algériens afin de poursuivre le travail à l’échelle de tout le Tell algérien

Etude cartographique des orchidées de Kabylie, Numidie, Aurès (Algérie)

International audienceThis document is a summary of recent data about orchids from north-eastern Algeria. The areas concerned are the Kabylia in the broad sense and the historic Algerian Numidia with its adjacent mountains of Hodna and Aurès. They are very diverse territories in terms of geography (from the coast up to + 2000m altitude), bioclimate (from the semi-arid stage to the per-humid stage) and lithology (alluvium, limestone, dolomite, clays, shales, sandstones, granites, etc.).All the data published from 2005 have been synthesised and a lot of unpublished data observed from 2002 has been gathered thanks to around fifteen collaborators. Despite this, many sectors are still untouched for exploration and will need to be investigated in the future.Thus, 55 species have been illustrated and mapped. 8 others are known historically but have not yet been found. Finally, a last one has been reported in the past by mistake. The main synonyms are reminded. The taxonomic choice is following a similar recent work carried out on the Tunisian Orchids, with some rearrangements at the genus levela. A new nomenclatural combination has been created for the needs (Androrchis pauciflora subsp. laeta).A call for contributions is launched to all professional and amateurs Algerian botanists in order to continue the work through the whole Algerian TellCe document est un travail de synthèse des données récentes concernant les Orchidées du nord-est de l’Algérie. Les régions concernées sont la Kabylie au sens large et la Numidie historique algérienne avec ses montagnes adjacentes du Hodna et de l’Aurès. Ce sont des territoires très divers sur le plan géographique (du littoral jusqu’à + de 2000m d’altitude), bioclimatique (de l’étage semi-aride à l’étage per-humide) et lithologique (alluvions, calcaires, dolomies, argiles, schistes, grès, granites, etc.). Toutes les données publiées à partir de 2005 ont été synthétisées et beaucoup de données inédites observées à partir de 2002 ont été rassemblées grâce à une quinzaine de collaborateurs. Malgré cela de nombreux secteurs sont encore vierges de prospection et devront être investigués à l’avenir.C’est donc 55 espèces qui ont été illustrées et cartographiées. 8 autres sont connues historiquement mais n’ont pas encore été retrouvées. Enfin une dernière a été signalée par le passé par erreur. Les principaux synonymes sont rappelés. Le choix taxonomique s’inspire d’un travail récent similaire effectué sur les Orchidées de Tunisie, à quelques réarrangement près au niveau des genres. Une combinaison nomenclaturale nouvelle a été créée pour l’occasion (Androrchis pauciflorasubsp. laeta).Un appel à contribution est lancé auprès de tous les botanistes professionnels et amateurs algériens afin de poursuivre le travail à l’échelle de tout le Tell algérien