Variation in the chemical composition of the essential oils of different organs of domesticated Lippia multiflora Moldenke

The essential oils from the different organs of wild and domesticated Lippia multiflora Moldenke, analysed by GPC-FID and GPC-MS, were rich in monoterpenes. These made up 95.0, 94.0, 82.5 and 61.0% of oils from leaves, flowers, stems and roots, respectively, with a predominance of aromatic monoterpenes: p-cymene, thymol, carvacrol and their acetates together made up 44.0 - 74.0% of the oils, along with b-caryophyllene and its oxide (3.0 - 8.4%). Oils from roots differed from those of flowers, leaves and stems by a higher proportion of b-caryophyllene and its oxide (16.0%), and the absence of p-cymene g-terpinene represented respectively, 6.3 - 18.0 and 0.7 - 11.4% of the oils from the other organs. (Z)-β-Ocimene, identified in the oils from flowers (nearly 10%) was absent from oils of leaves, stems and roots. Oils of stems and roots contained very small amounts of hexadecanoïc acid, b-eudesmol, isocaryophyllene and phytol, none of which had previously been reported in oils from the Congo.Key words: Lippia multiflora Moldenke, organs, essential oil, chemical composition

The effect of fermentation process on bioactive properties, essential oil composition and phenolic constituents of raw fresh and fermented sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) leaves

800-804The influence of fermentation on antioxidant activity, total phenol, total flavonoid and phenolic compounds of sea fennel and also volatile compounds of sea fennel essential oil was investigated and compared with fresh samples. Antioxidant activity, total fenolic and flavonoid contents decresed from 89.79 to 63.13%; from 259.58 to 77.92 mg/100 g; from 2114.67 to 390.50 mg/100 g, respectively. Twenty-six and thirty-three components of sea fennel oils were identified in raw and fermented sea fennel, accounting to about 99.99% and 99.44% of the total oil, respectively. The raw and fermented sea fennel leaves contained 22.31 and 1.32% sabinene, 12.08% and 7.45% limonene, 10.30% and 11.61% β-phellandrene, 8.59% and 9.17% (Z)-β-ocimene, 7.08% and 3.55% α-pinene, 28.36% and 42.05% γ-terpinene, 2.57% and 8.64% terpinene-4-ol, respectively. Dominant phenolic compounds were (+)-catechin, gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid. Generally, all of the phenolic compounds reduced the effect of microorganisms during,. However, essential oil contents of sea fennel were not effected from fermentation process

The effect of fermentation process on bioactive properties, essential oil composition and phenolic constituents of raw fresh and fermented sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) leaves

The influence of fermentation on antioxidant activity, total phenol, total flavonoid and phenolic compounds of sea fennel and also volatile compounds of sea fennel essential oil was investigated and compared with fresh samples. Antioxidant activity, total fenolic and flavonoid contents decresed from 89.79 to 63.13%; from 259.58 to 77.92 mg/100 g; from 2114.67 to 390.50 mg/100 g, respectively. Twenty-six and thirty-three components of sea fennel oils were identified in raw and fermented sea fennel, accounting to about 99.99% and 99.44% of the total oil, respectively. The raw and fermented sea fennel leaves contained 22.31 and 1.32% sabinene, 12.08% and 7.45% limonene, 10.30% and 11.61% β-phellandrene, 8.59% and 9.17% (Z)-β-ocimene, 7.08% and 3.55% α-pinene, 28.36% and 42.05% γ-terpinene, 2.57% and 8.64% terpinene-4-ol, respectively. Dominant phenolic compounds were (+)-catechin, gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid. Generally, all of the phenolic compounds reduced the effect of microorganisms during,. However, essential oil contents of sea fennel were not effected from fermentation process

Etude chimique et statistique de la composition d'huiles essentielles d'origans (Lamiaceae) cultivés issus de graines d'origine méditerranéenne

Present in numerous Mediterranean countries, the plant Origan (Origanum genre) has been classed in 74 species, under species, varieties or hybrids. The chemical composition of the essential oils (EO) of around thirty species has been studied in this work. The vegetable material has been furnished by the CNPMAI at Milly-la-Forêt, who realized cultures from seedlings collected in their original countries. Plants thus obtained have been gathered and dried, and the EO have been extracted by hydrodistillation, according to the process described in the Pharmacopée Européenne (5th edition). Analysis of the 457 EO samples has been carried out using GC techniques, coupled with either mass spectrometry for compound identification, or with a flame ionisation detector for their quantification. Analysis of the results shows that phenols are present in almost all of the studied species, carvacrol being the most represented, making up more than 40% of the EO in 22 species, while the thymol content reaches more than 40% in the EO of 8 species. Oxygenated monoterpenes are present at more than 50% in 7 species, with linalool, a-terpineol, sabinene trans-hydrate and terpinen-4-ol being the most significant. Only one species renders an EO containing monoterpene hydrocarbons in important quantities. This work has allowed the identification of EO compositions not previously studied, as well highlighting some intra and inter species specificities. In fact, when enough EO samples could be analysed, a statistical study, by PCA and Student's test showed the presence of different chemotypes within the same species. The geographical origin could be an important variable, since the EO of some species native to geographically isolated areas (Cyprus) generally have an unique composition, as opposed to the EO of continental species, where the presence of 2 or 3 chemotypes has at times been shown. This work has also shown that the species O. dubium and O. majorana var. tenuifolium, initially confused, are in fact 2 different botanic species. The composition of their EO confirms this distinction : the EO of the first species presents 2 chemotypes (one thymol, the other carvacrol), whereas the EO of the second is principally composed by a-terpineol, sabinene trans-hydrate and terpinen-4-ol. However, it was not possible to formally establish a chimiotaxonomic link between the chemical composition of Origan's EO and the classification proposed by Iestwaart.Plante présente dans de nombreux pays méditerranéens, l'Origan (genre Origanum) a été classé par Ietswaart en 74 espèces, sous-espèces, variétés ou hybrides. La composition chimique des huiles essentielles (HE) d'une trentaine d'espèces a été étudiée dans ce travail. Le matériel végétal a été fourni par le CNPMAI de Milly-la-Forêt qui a réalisé des cultures à partir de semis de graines collectées dans les pays d'origine. Les plants ainsi obtenus ont été récoltés, séchés, et les HE ont été extraites par hydrodistillation selon le procédé décrit par la Pharmacopée Européenne 5ème éd. L'analyse des 457 échantillons d'HE a été effectuée au moyen des techniques de CPG, soit couplée à la spectrométrie de masse pour l'identification des composés, soit couplée à un détecteur à ionisation de flamme pour leur quantification. L'analyse des résultats montre que les phénols sont présents dans la quasi-totalité des espèces étudiées, le carvacrol est le plus représenté puisque les HE de 22 espèces en renferment plus de 40 %, tandis que le thymol atteint des teneurs de plus de 40 % dans les HE de 8 espèces. Les monoterpènes oxygénés sont présents à plus de 50 % dans 7 espèces, les plus importants étant le linalol, l'α-terpinéol, le trans-hydrate de sabinène et le terpinène- 4-ol. Une seule espèce fournit une HE renfermant une quantité importante d'hydrocarbures monoterpéniques. Ce travail a permis d'une part d'indiquer des compositions d'HE non encore étudiées à ce jour et d'autre part de mettre en évidence des spécificités intra et inter espèces. En effet, lorsque le nombre d'échantillons d'HE analysés était suffisant, une étude statistique par ACP et test de Student a permis de montrer la présence de plusieurs chémotypes au sein d'une même espèce. L'origine géographique serait une variable importante puisque les HE de certaines espèces natives d'isolats géographiques (Ile de Chypre) possèdent généralement une composition unique contrairement à celles originaires du continent où la présence de 2 ou 3 chémotypes a parfois été montrée. Ce travail a aussi permis d'établir que O. dubium et O. majorana var. tenuifolium, initialement confondus, sont en fait 2 espèces botaniquement distinctes. La composition de leurs HE confirme cette différenciation : la première présente 2 chémotypes (1 à thymol et 1 à carvacrol), alors que l'HE de la seconde se compose principalement d'α-terpinéol, de trans-hydrate de sabinène et de terpinène-4-ol. Il n'a par contre pas été possible d'établir de manière formelle une relation chimiotaxonomique entre la composition chimique des HE d'Origan et la classification proposée par Ietswaart

Etude chimique et statistique de la composition d'huiles essentielles d'origans (Lamiaceae) cultivés issus de graines d'origine méditerranéenne

Plante présente dans de nombreux pays méditerranéens, l'Origan (genre Origanum) a été classé par Ietswaart en 74 espèces, sous-espèces, variétés ou hybrides. La composition chimique des huiles essentielles (HE) d'une trentaine d'espèces a été étudiée dans ce travail. Le matériel végétal a été fourni par le CNPMAI de Milly-la-Forêt qui a réalisé des cultures à partir de semis de graines collectées dans les pays d'origine. Les plants ainsi obtenus ont été récoltés, séchés et les HE ont été extraites par hydrodistillation selon le procédé décrit par la Pharmacopée Européenne 5ème éd. L'analyse des 457 échantillons d'HE a été effectuée au moyen des techniques de CPG, soit couplée à la spectrométrie de masse pour l'identification des composés, soit couplée à un détecteur à ionisation de flamme pour leur quantification. L'analyse des résultats montre que les phénols sont présents dans la quasi-totalité des espèces étudiées, le carvacrol est le plus représenté puisque les HE de 22 espèces en renferment plus de 40%, tandis que le thymol atteint des teneurs de plus de 40% dans les HE de 8 espèces. Les monoterpènes oxygénés sont présents à plus de 50% dans 7 espèces, les plus importants étant le linalol, l'alpha-terpinéol, le trans-hydrate de sabinène et le terpinène-4-ol. Une seule espèce fournit une HE renfermant une quantité importante d'hydrocarbures monoterpéniques. Ce travail a permis d'une part d'indiquer des compositions d'HE non encore étudiées à ce jour et d'autre part de mettre en évidence des spécificités intra et inter espèces. En effet, lorsque le nombre d'échantillons d'HE analysés était suffisant, une étude statistique par ACP et test de Student a permis de montrer la présence de plusieurs chémotypes au sein d'une même espèce. L'origine géographique serait une variable importante puisque les HE de certaines espèces natives d'isolats géographiques (Ile de Chypre) possèdent généralement une composition unique contrairement à celles originaires du continent où la présence de 2 ou 3 chémotypes a parfois été montrée. Ce travail a aussi permis d'établir que O. dubium et O. majorana var. tenuifolium, initialement confondus, sont en fait 2 espèces botaniquement distinctes. La composition de leurs HE confirme cette différenciation : la 1ère présente 2 chémotypes (1 à thymol et 1 à carvacrol), alors que l'HEb de la seconde se compose principalement d'alpha-terpinéol, de trans-hydrate de sabinène et de terpinène-4-ol. Il n'a par contre pas été possible d'établir de manière formelle une relation chimiotaxonomique entre la composition chimique des HE d'Origan et la classification proposée par IetswaartCLERMONT FD-BCIU Sci.et Tech. (630142101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Chemical and antimicrobial properties of essential oils of Abies numidica, endemic species of Algeria

International audienceThe analysis and identification of the essential oils components of Abies numidica, endemic species of Algeria, was performed using the (GC-MS). The yield of essential oil samples is 0.4%. These analyses led to the identification of 36 components representing 95.5% of the total oil. The chemical composition of the essential oil is dominated by the products, α-pinene (22.6%), Limonene (19.7%), β-pinene (12.3%), Camphene (11.2%) and β-phellandrene (7.8%). Seven components are represented with a higher rate than 1%. The essential oil has a very effective antibacterial activity against bacterial strains Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, a modest activity against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Micrococcus luteus and low activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The action of the oil is very strong on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a diameter inhibition of 27.7 mm

Chemotypes and radical scavenging activity of the essential oils from Artemisia arborescens L. growing in three areas of Bejaia (Algeria)

International audienceArtemisia arborescens L. is a medicinal and aromatic plant used in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties to treat lung diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes and inflammations. The leaves of A. arborescens L. were harvested in Amizour, Cap Bouak and Sahel (Bejaia, Algeria) and their essential oils were analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detector and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. The main constituents were β-thujone in the essential oil of Cap Bouak (59.8%), camphor in the volatile oil of Sahel (58.7%) and chamazulene in that of Amizour (31.4%). The radical scavenging activity of these essential oils was evaluated against DPPH and ABTS radicals by calculation of IC50. The best activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals were that of Sahel essential oil with IC50 DPPH = 133.0 µg/mL and IC50 ABTS = 211.6 µg/mL. The Spearman test revealed no significant correlations between IC50 DPPH and the chemical composition of the essential oil from A. arborescens L., while correlations with IC50 ABTS indicated that hydrocarbon monoterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes and hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes promote activity against ABTS radical. These results can give prospects of using essential oils from A. arborescens L. as a natural adjunct in medicine formulations to treat diseases caused by oxidative stress

Antibacterial activity of essential oils from rosmarinus officinalis from eastern Algeria.

International audiencewhitish colour. The average yield of essential oil of the samples is 0.23%. This investigation allows us to support that R. officinalis includes six chemotypes in eastern Algerian. The difference of these chemotypes variants is the concentration of Eucalyptol, campene, α-pinene and camphor. The antibacterial activity of the essential oils chemotypes was evaluated against nine bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047, MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas syringae, Salmonella sp, Serratia liquefaciens ATCC 27592, Serratia marcescens ATCC 14756 and Shigella sp). The results showed that the essential oils have inhibited growth of bacterial strains. The essential oils chemotypes of Kherrata and the Bibans regions, generally exhibit antibacterial activity against the microorganisms’ tested. The camphor chemotype with three variants exhibits a moderate antibacterial activity

Correlation between chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oils from leaves and berries of Schinus molle L. growing in two areas of Bejaia (Algeria)

International audienceSchinus molle L. is a medicinal and aromatic plant used in traditional medicine for his therapeutic properties. The leaves and berries of Schinus molle L. were collected in Iheddaden and Amriw (Bejaia, Algeria) and the essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation with yields between 0.26 and 0.80%. The chemotype of the essential oils was sesquiterpene group, cadinene and cadinols subgroups. The cadinene subgroup was obtained from Iheddaden leaves and Amriw samples (leaves and berries) with proportions between 16.1 and 23.4%, while the cadinols subgroup was only shown with Iheddaden berries (30.5%). The antioxidant activities of the essential oils from leaves and berries of Schinus molle L. were low: IC50 DPPH were between 6.9 and 8.6 mg/mL, when IC50 ABTS varied between 0.7 and 5.0 mg/mL. Principal component analysis indicates that high proportions of oxygenated sesquiterpenes promote the antioxidant activity of essential oils from Schinus molle L. against ABTS radical, while the antioxidant activity against the DPPH radical requires the combination of the different chemical families contained in the essential oils of Schinus molle L