Antropología y ciudad: hacia un análisis crítico e histórico

Departing from a theoretical discussion of the relationship between anthropology and the city, we problematize the foundations of both urban and anthropological studies. Rather than viewing the city as a stable and universal category, we emphasize the possibilities anthropology has to approach cities as products of historically-situated social practices. We illustrate this proposal by focusing on urbanistic projects in the city of Bogotá during three historical moments and by analyzing contemporary imaginations of the cities of the future

Defendiendo territorios desde el exilio: desplazamiento y reconstrucción en Colombia contemporánea

In this article I analyze how forced displacement is understood by different population groups and the articulations that this bellicist geopolitics presents between war, social movements and urban reconfiguration. Drawing on displaced people testimonies I explore the complex task of remembrance of place which counters the dominant discourses of humanitarian neutrality. I also examine the discourses of ethnic movements about their past and for the defense of territory and culture in the city. I propose the term “reconstruction” to account for the activation of new social and political spaces that the newcomers establish not only with the communities they left behind but with migrants of their own kin, ethnic groups, or ideological affiliations, already settled in the capital.Este artículo analiza cómo entienden diversos grupos de población el desplazamiento forzoso y las articulaciones que esta geopolítica bélica presenta entre guerra, movimientos sociales y reconfiguración urbana. Con base en testimonios explora el complejo trabajo de rememoración del lugar por parte de personas en situación de desplazamiento, que contrarresta los discursos dominantes de la neutralidad humanitaria. Examina los discursos de los movimientos étnicos sobre su pasado y por la defensa del territorio y la cultura desde la ciudad. Propone el término “reconstrucción” para dar cuenta de la activación de nuevos espacios políticos y sociales que los recién llegados establecen con las comunidades que dejaron atrás y con migrantes de su misma parentela, grupos étnicos o afiliaciones ideológicas, ubicados en la capital de tiempo atrás

Realidad virtual aplicada a la rehabilitación física

En este trabajo de fin de grado se ha desarrollado un videojuego implementado en realidad virtual que permite la correcta rehabilitación de una lesión en el hombro de un paciente. La utilización del sistema por parte del usuario final se realiza mediante el uso de unas gafas de Realidad virtual como son las Oculus Rift. El uso de este dispositivo permitirá al usuario final una mayor inmersión en el videojuego desarrollado, mientras se realizan de forma cómoda y entretenida, los ejercicios de rehabilitación de su lesión. Adicionalmente al uso del dispositivo de realidad virtual, existirá también una cámara capaz de obtener el esqueleto del usuario final, que será la encargada de realizar el tracking de los movimientos. Por último, existirá un servidor, que será el encargado de ejecutar el videojuego, obtener y procesar los movimientos del usuario final, y puntuar la realización de los movimientos del usuario final. La funcionalidad final del sistema permitirá la correcta rehabilitación de una lesión del manguito rotador de forma más amena y sencilla para el usuario final. El sistema incorporará adicionalmente una sesión sin supervisión del videojuego, realizando todo el proceso de forma automática.In the recent years, a branch of technology has greatly increased the expectation. This technology blurs the line between the real and the virtual, immersing the user in a virtual world that the senses perceive as real. I am talking abour virtual reality At present, it is unclear what and where are the limits of this technology, or what can be achieved in a next years, as large technology companies, such as Facebook, are investing large amounts of money on this technology. The possibilities of virtual reality are limitless, and can be implemented in any type of industry or area obtaining benefits never seen before. There are sectors such as education, the military or aviation using this type of technology to enhance the skills of their employees. In the military or aviation sectors, this technology allows employees to face real situations in a virtual world, and, if this situation occurs in the real world, they know perfectly how to react. Simple simulations flight or infiltration missions acquire a greater degree of immersion thanks to virtual reality. However, one of the sectors where it is more widespread use of virtual reality is the health sector. The health sector is probably the sector that incorporates and advances as technology advances, implementing many features in their field. Experts use for decades virtual reality for performing simulations or actual surgery. Moreover, in recent years, thanks to the launch of virtual reality for common users, this sector is incorporating this devices for their patients, like the use of virtual reality in the patient while the surgeon is practicing a surgery is now a true story. The project to be developed, is to use a virtual reality video game with the purpose of using this system during a patient rehabilitation. The complete rehabilitation of a body part, involves not only the treaty by physiotherapists in the affected area, but also to perform of specific exercises by the end user independently to obtain the strength and flexibility loss of a muscle after injury. Most patients do not perform the exercises correctly, positioning badly the body and rotating incorrectly the injured part. The virtual reality system will help patients to successfully perform specific movements, thereby increasing the level of rehabilitation. This paper presents a virtual reality game that captures the movements of the patient and evaluates depending on the movement to be performed in one session. The proposed game is a football field in which the patient will play the role of goalkeeper, stopping balls fired if the patient perform properly the specific movements of a session.Ingeniería Informátic

Detecting Vulnerabilities in Critical Infrastructures by Classifying Exposed Industrial Control Systems Using Deep Learning

[EN] Industrial control systems depend heavily on security and monitoring protocols. Several tools are available for this purpose, which scout vulnerabilities and take screenshots of various control panels for later analysis. However, they do not adequately classify images into specific control groups, which is crucial for security-based tasks performed by manual operators. To solve this problem, we propose a pipeline based on deep learning to classify snapshots of industrial control panels into three categories: internet technologies, operation technologies, and others. More specifically, we compare the use of transfer learning and fine-tuning in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) pre-trained on ImageNet to select the best CNN architecture for classifying the screenshots of industrial control systems. We propose the critical infrastructure dataset (CRINF-300), which is the first publicly available information technology (IT)/operational technology (OT) snapshot dataset, with 337 manually labeled images. We used the CRINF-300 to train and evaluate eighteen different pipelines, registering their performance under CPU and GPU environments. We found out that the Inception-ResNet-V2 and VGG16 architectures obtained the best results on transfer learning and fine-tuning, with F1-scores of 0.9832 and 0.9373 , respectively. In systems where time is critical and the GPU is available, we recommend using the MobileNet-V1 architecture, with an average time of 0.03 s to process an image and with an F1-score of 0.9758 .SIInstituto Nacional de CiberseguridadThis work was supported by the framework agreement between the Universidad de León and INCIBE (Spanish National Cybersecurity Institute) under Addendum 01. We acknowledge the NVIDIA Corporation for the donation of the TITAN Xp and Tesla K40 GPUs used for this research

Classifying Screenshots of Industrial Control System Using Transfer Learning and Fine-Tuning

[EN] Industrial control systems are heavily dependant on security and monitoring protocols. For this purpose, monitoring tools take screenshots of control panels for later analysis.Classifying these screenshots into specific groups can be a time-consuming process, but it is crucial for the security tasks performed by manual operators. To solve this problem, we propose a pipeline based on deep learning to classify snapshots of industrial control panels into three categories: Internet Technologies (IT), Operation Technologies (OT), and others. We compare the results obtained with transfer learning and finetuning on nine convolutional neuronal networks pre-trained with the ImageNet dataset, testing them on a custom CRitical INFrastructure dataset (CRINF-300). Inception-ResNet-V2 obtains the best learning result with an F1-score of 98.32% on CRINF-300, while MobileNet-V1 obtained the best performance-speed tradeoffInstituto Nacional de Cibersegurida

MeWEHV: Mel and Wave Embeddings for Human Voice Tasks

[EN] A recent trend in speech processing is the use of embeddings created through machine learning models trained on a specific task with large datasets. By leveraging the knowledge already acquired, these models can be reused in new tasks where the amount of available data is small. This paper proposes a pipeline to create a new model, called Mel and Wave Embeddings for Human Voice Tasks (MeWEHV), capable of generating robust embeddings for speech processing. MeWEHV combines the embeddings generated by a pre-trained raw audio waveform encoder model, and deep features extracted from Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We evaluate the performance of MeWEHV on three tasks: speaker, language, and accent identification. For the first one, we use the VoxCeleb1, and VBHIR datasets and present YouSpeakers204, a new and publicly available dataset for English speaker identification that contains 19607 audio clips from 204 persons speaking in six different accents, allowing other researchers to work with a very balanced dataset, and to create new models that are robust to multiple accents. For evaluating the language identification task, we use the VoxForge, Common Language, and the LRE17 datasets. Finally, for accent identification, we use the Latin American Spanish Corpora (LASC), Common Voice, and the NISP datasets. Our approach allows a significant increase in the performance of state-of-the-art embedding generation models on all the tested datasets, with a low additional computational cost.SIUnión EuropeaJunta de Castilla y León (EDU/875/2021)This work was supported in part by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Framework Programme under the Global Response Against Child Exploitation (GRACE) Project under Grant 883341; and in part by the "Ayudas para financiar la contratacion predoctoral de personal investigador" grant of the Government of Castilla y Leon, Spain, under Grant EDU/875/202

Sexualidades fronterizas y callejeras

En este artículo discutimos el poder que tiene la circulación de estereotipos y narrativas en la vida de trabajadoras sexuales en el barrio Santafé de la ciudad de Bogotá, donde la prostitución ha sido legalizada y regulada desde el año 2001. El análisis se enfoca en los testimonios de trabajadoras sexuales, así como en las narrativas de residentes y clientes obtenidas en diferentes etapas de trabajo de campo etnográfico. Las imágenes categóricas construidas alrededor de estas trabajadoras trasgreden sus derechos mientras invisibilizan la violencia perpetrada por administradores, proxenetas, dueños de negocios, clientes y policía. Las narrativas de las trabajadoras sexuales cuestionan principios ordenadores y dominantes de tipo sexual, social y laboral al igual que una economía moral jerárquica alrededor del comercio sexual. Disputas territoriales, rivalidades y conflictos caracterizan las relaciones entre trabajadoras heterosexuales y transexuales. En ambos casos, a pesar de las regulaciones, hay poca protección de sus derechos laborales y de dignificación de sus condiciones de vida

Nano and femtosecond solid state laser micromachining: comparison of results

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la comparación del micromaquinado láser de obleas de silicio empleando la técnica de escritura directa (direct writing) con pulsos de nanosegundos generados por la técnica de Q-switch en Nd:YAG y pulsos de femtosegundos, provenientes del Ti:Zafiro mode lockeado. Se determinaron los efectos de la redeposición de escombros (debris) y se proponen técnicas para su control.In this paper we present the comparison of direct writing silicon wafer using Q-switched pulses from a Nd:YAG laser and mode locking pulses from a Ti:Sapphire laser. We describe the debris effect in both cases and propose several techniques in order to minimize the effect.Fil: Rava, David Sebastian. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ferrero, Hugo Eduardo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física; ArgentinaFil: Fidalgo, Luis Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación en Láseres y Aplicaciones; ArgentinaFil: Agüero, Mónica Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación en Láseres y Aplicaciones; ArgentinaFil: Hnilo, Alejandro Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación en Láseres y Aplicaciones; ArgentinaFil: Kovalsky, Marcelo Gregorio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación en Láseres y Aplicaciones; Argentin

Impact of facial occlusions in age estimation algorithms for forensic applications

[EN] Age estimation is a critical tool for identifying minors and potential offenders in Child Sexual Exploitation Materials (CSEM). However, deep learning methods, which are the current state-of-the-art for age estimation, have low accuracy in predicting the age of minors and older adults due to a lack of data in existing datasets. In addition, facial occlusion, used to hide victims’ identities in some CSEM, can further impact the accuracy of age estimators. This study evaluates the performance of six deep learningbased age estimators on facial images with and without occlusion. To simulate CSEM conditions, we used non-occluded datasets (i.e., FG-Net and APPA-REAL), and also synthetically occluded versions with black masks of these datasets. Results indicate that age estimators are more affected by eye occlusion than by mouth occlusion and facial occlusion affects minors and the elderly more than other age groups. This study could serve as a reference for the estimation of age in forensic applications such as victim profiling on CSEM.This work has been supported by the grant Junta de Castilla y Leon (EDU/875/2021) and the support of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Framework Programme, H2020 SU-FCT-2019 under the GRACE project with Grant Agreement 883341. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Framework Programme, H2020 SU-FCT-2019 cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein