A SAGE-based screen for genes expressed in sub-populations of neurons in the mouse dorsal root ganglion

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The different sensory modalities temperature, pain, touch and muscle proprioception are carried by somatosensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia. Study of this system is hampered by the lack of molecular markers for many of these neuronal sub-types. In order to detect genes expressed in sub-populations of somatosensory neurons, gene profiling was carried out on wild-type and TrkA mutant neonatal dorsal root ganglia (DRG) using SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression) methodology. Thermo-nociceptors constitute up to 80 % of the neurons in the DRG. In TrkA mutant DRGs, the nociceptor sub-class of sensory neurons is lost due to absence of nerve growth factor survival signaling through its receptor TrkA. Thus, comparison of wild-type and TrkA mutants allows the identification of transcripts preferentially expressed in the nociceptor or mechano-proprioceptor subclasses, respectively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our comparison revealed 240 genes differentially expressed between the two tissues (P < 0.01). Some of these genes, CGRP, Scn10a are known markers of sensory neuron sub-types. Several potential markers of sub-populations, Dok4, Crip2 and Grik1/GluR5 were further analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR and double labeling with TrkA,-B,-C, c-ret, parvalbumin and isolectin B4, known markers of DRG neuron sub-types. Expression of Grik1/GluR5 was restricted to the isolectin B4+ nociceptive population, while Dok4 and Crip2 had broader expression profiles. Crip2 expression was however excluded from the proprioceptor sub-population.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We have identified and characterized the detailed expression patterns of three genes in the developing DRG, placing them in the context of the known major neuronal sub-types defined by molecular markers. Further analysis of differentially expressed genes in this tissue promises to extend our knowledge of the molecular diversity of different cell types and forms the basis for understanding their particular functional specificities.</p

Collagen Dysregulation in the Dermis of the Sagg/+ Mouse: A Loose Skin Model

The Sagg/+ mouse is an ethylnitrosourea-derived mutant with a dermal phenotype similar to some of the subtypes of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) and cutis laxa. The dermis of the Sagg/+ mouse has less dense and more disorganized collagen fibers compared to controls. The size of extracted Type I dermal collagen was the same as that observed in normal skin; however, more collagen could be extracted from Sagg/ + skin, which also showed decreased collagen content and decreased steady-state levels of α1(I), α2(I), α1(V), and α2(V) procollagen mRNAs. The biomechanical properties of Sagg/+ skin were significantly decreased relative to normal skin. However, there were no significant differences in the quantities of the major collagen cross-links, that is, dehydrohydroxylysinonorleucine and dehydrohistidinohydroxymerodesmosine between Sagg/+ and normal skin. Electron microscopic evaluation of Sagg/+ skin indicated that the mutation interferes with the proper formation of collagen fibrils and the data are consistent with a mutation in Type V collagen leading to haploinsufficiency with the formation of two sub-populations of collagen fibrils, one normal and one with irregular shape and a larger diameter. Further study of this novel mutation will allow the identification of new mechanisms involved in the regulation of normal and pathologic collagen gene expression

Alternative uses for co-products: Harnessing the potential of valuable compounds from meat processing chains

peer-reviewedOpportunities for exploiting the inherent value of protein-rich meat processing co-products, in the context of increased global demand for protein and for sustainable processing systems, are discussed. While direct consumption maybe the most profitable route for some, this approach is influenced greatly by local and cultural traditions. A more profitable and sustainable approach may be found in recognizing this readily available and under-utilised resource can provide high value components, such as proteins, with targeted high value functionality of relevance to a variety of sectors. Applications in food & beverages, petfood biomedical and nutrition arenas are discussed. Utilization of the raw material in its entirety is a necessary underlying principle in this approach to help maintain minimum waste generation. Understanding consumer attitudes to these products, in particular when used in food or beverage systems, is critical in optimizing commercialization strategies.This work forms part of the ReValueProtein Research Project (Grant Award No. 11/F/043) which is supported by the Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM) and the Food Institutional Research Measure (FIRM) both funded by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 2007–2013.Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marin

Analyse &quot;in vitro&quot; de l'innervation epidermique chez l'embryon d'oiseau : caracterisation d'un facteur chimiotactique negatif implique dans la reaction d'evitement de l'epiderme par les fibres nerveuses

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Virorum, qui superiori nostroque seculo eruditione et doctrina illustres atque memorabiles fuerunt, vitae : iamprimum in hoc volumen collectae ...

[Ioan. Fichardus]Bogensignaturen: a, A-Z, Aa-Gg⁴Druckermarke. Impressum gemäss Kolophon

Ms. germ. fol. 16 Bd. 1 - Der Statt Franckfurt am Mayn ernewerte Reformation : Wie die in Anno 1578 außgangen vnd publicirt

[Verf.: Johann Fichard]Alte Signatur: Ffm. Q 1/81; Akzessionsnummer: Q 50/308x

Collagène XVI, Cthrc1, FHF1 et Coronine 1 (nouveaux acteurs du cytosquelette et de la matrice extracellulaire dans le système somatosensoriel de souris)

MONTPELLIER-BU Sciences (341722106) / SudocSudocFranceF

Johannis Fichardi, ICti quondam Practici Celeberimi ... Consilia : Duobus Tomis Olim Distincta, nunc tertii, hactenus in Schedis delitescentis, sed ab interitu vindicati, acessione locupletata ; Opus quotidianorum non minus, quam difficilimorum, qua publici, qua privati Iuris, Casuum solida resolutione refertissimum ; Cum Praefatione Johannis Strauchii, ICti, & Academiae Hassiaco-Gisenae hodie Pro-Cancellarii, Rerum item & Verborum Indicibus accuratissimis

Nicht identisch mit VD17 7:697913H (dort "Practici Celeberrimi, Patricii, Sacri Palatii" auf dem Titelbl.)Kupfert.: Johannis Fichardi Iurisconsulti Celeberimi ... Consilia Omnia LatinaNebent.: Johannis Fichardi, ICti, Consiliorum Tomi III.Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Darmstadii & Gisae, Sumptibus Alberti Ottonis Fabri. Typis Henningi Mülleri & Johannis Ludovici Vietoris. Anno MDCLXXVII. - Auf dem Kupfert.: Francofurti ad Moenum sumtibus Alberti Ottonis Fabri A.o MDCLXXVIIEnth. auch Biographie Fichards von Heinrich Petreu

Ms. germ. fol. 16 - Der Statt Franckfurt am Mayn ernewerte Reformation : Wie die in Anno 1578 außgangen vnd publicirt

[Verf.: Johann Fichard]Alte Signatur: Ffm. Q 1/81; Akzessionsnummer: Q 50/308x