Estimación de los efectos de las áreas protegidas en Colombia : un enfoque desde el conflicto armado interno y la pobreza (1993-2005)

Las áreas protegidas han sido concebidas como un potente instrumento para generar mecanismos de protección y conservación del medio ambiente, la declaración de estas áreas genera importantes afectaciones a las dinámicas de las comunidades que las rodean pues, si bien impiden que estos individuos puedan generar acciones para explotar los territorios, también pueden resultar ser fuentes de ingresos importantes como el turismo. Colombia resulta ser un caso de principal interés para el estudio de este tipo de zonas en relación con los efectos que puede tener con sus comunidades, lo anterior se debe a que este país goza de un vasto territorio con diferentes pisos térmicos y una amplia cantidad de zonas naturales que han sido declaradas como protegidas por el Estado, sin embargo, Colombia resulta ser aún más particular pues el con icto armado interno que ha vivido a lo largo de su historia ha hecho que se dificulte la presencia del Estado en ciertos territorios, por lo cual resulta menester estimar si la declaratoria de áreas protegidas ha generado impactos teniendo en cuenta este problema de gobernanza o si, por el contrario, estas declaratorias no han tenido impacto toda vez se tenga en cuenta la presencia de grupos armados ilegales en los territorios.Protected areas have been conceived as a powerful instrument to generate mechanisms for the protection and conservation of the environment, the declaration of these areas generates important impacts on the dynamics of the communities that surround them because, although they prevent these individuals from generating actions to exploit the territories, they can also prove to be important sources of income such as tourism. Colombia appears to be a case of major interest in the study of this type of zone in relation to the efects it may have on their communities, this is due to the fact that this country enjoys a vast territory with diferent thermal oors and a large number of natural areas that have been declared protected by the State, however, Colombia turns out to be even more particular because the internal armed con ict that it has experienced throughout its history has made the State's presence in certain territories difcult, therefore it is necessary to estimate whether the declaration of protected areas has generated impacts taking into account this problem of governance or whether, on the contrary, these declarations have had no impact as the presence of groups is taken into account

Canto de cigarras

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El turismo en Medellín desde la percepción del consumidor como una creciente oportunidad de negocio

La determinación de las características de los pacientes extranjeros permite definir algunos segmentos específicos y sus razones de compra, enocntrándose esto ligado a la percepción de calidad, talento humano, infraestructura, posicionamiento a nivel internacional y reconocimiento de los servicios de salud, que en la actualidad se prestan en Colombia y específicamente en Medellín.The determination of the characteristics of foreign patients to deifne some specific segments and their reasons for purchase, found it linked to the perception of quality, human resource, infrastructure, internacional positioning and recognition of health services, which are currently specifically provided in Colombia and Medellin

Letra de 12

De seguro te acuerdas. Santiago Fiallo. En la calle. Daniela Henao. Inasistencia. Oscar Darío Villa. Lechuzas en primavera. Paula Andrea Gaviria. Manos rosaditas. Jose J. Duque. Ramen. Julieta Ramírez. Rose. Oriana Maya. Espejismo. Juliana Villegas Gómez. Triángulo de dos caras. Ana María Cadavid M. Perlas ácidas. Marta Peláez Gaviria.p. 6

A BCR-ABL1 cutoff of 1.5% at 3 months, determined by the GeneXpert system, predicts an optimal response in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.

In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, 3-month BCR-ABL1 levels have consistently been correlated with further outcomes. Monitoring molecular responses in CML using the GeneXpert (Cepheid) platform has shown an optimal correlation with standardized RQ-PCR (IS) when measuring BCR-ABL1 levels lower than 10%, as it is not accurate for values over 10%. The aim of the present study was to determine the predictive molecular value at three months on different outcome variables using the Xpert BCR-ABL1 MonitorTM assay (Xpert BCR-ABL1). We monitored 125 newly diagnosed consecutive CML patients in the chronic phase (CML-CP) using an automated method: Xpert BCR-ABL1. Only 5% of patients did not achieve an optimal response at 3 months, and the 10% BCR-ABL1 cutoff defined by RQ-PCR (IS) methods was unable to identify significant differences in the probabilities of achieving a complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) (50% vs. 87%, p = 0.1) or a major molecular response (MMR) (60% vs. 80%, p = 0.29) by 12 months. In contrast, a cutoff of 1.5% more accurately identified differences in the probabilities of achieving CCyR (98% vs. 54%, p<0.001) and MMR (88% vs. 56%, p<0.001) by 12 months, as well as probabilities of treatment changes (p = 0.005). Therefore, when using the Xpert BCR-ABL1 assay, a cutoff of 1.5% at 3 months could with high probability identify patients able to achieve an optimal response at 12 months

Probabilities of complete cytogenetic responses and major molecular responses at 12 months according to the molecular response (≤1.5%) at 3 months.

<p>Probabilities of complete cytogenetic responses and major molecular responses at 12 months according to the molecular response (≤1.5%) at 3 months.</p