Comment réguler les relations triangulaires de travail ?

Dans un nombre grandissant de secteurs, la régulation des rapports de travail est aujourd’hui fragilisée par l’intrusion de plus en plus importante d’autres acteurs dans la relation traditionnellement bilatérale entre employeur et salariés. Le défi posé au droit du travail par l’intrusion des acteurs-tiers favorise l’émergence, à côté du droit du travail, de nouvelles formes de régulation des rapports de travail, élaborées et mises en œuvre par différents acteurs. On note en particulier un développement des initiatives de responsabilité sociale des entreprises se traduisant par des engagements de ces dernières concernant des personnes travaillant pour leur compte sans être liées à elles par un contrat de travail, comme les salariés de leurs fournisseurs et sous-traitants. L’objectif de cet article est de comparer les enjeux de la régulation des relations de travail par le droit du travail et la responsabilité sociale des entreprises, en analysant deux secteurs particulièrement emblématiques de l’intrusion d’acteurs-tiers dans les rapports de travail : le travail intérimaire d’une part, et les centres d’appels d’autre part.In an increasing number of economic sectors, the regulation of working situations is weakened by the intrusion of new actors in the traditionally bilateral relation between workers and employers. Given the challenges for labour law created by the involvement of these new actors, new forms of regulation developed by different actors emerge. There is in particular a development of initiatives in the field of corporate social responsibility illustrated by companies’ commitment towards persons working for them without being linked to them through a contract of employment, such as employees of suppliers and subcontractors. The aim of this article is to compare the regulation of working relations by labour law and by corporate social responsibility initiatives. Two sectors in which the intrusion of third actors is particularly developed are analysed: temporary working agencies and call centres

Local Alignment Refinement Using Structural Assessment

Homology modeling is the most commonly used technique to build a three-dimensional model for a protein sequence. It heavily relies on the quality of the sequence alignment between the protein to model and related proteins with a known three dimensional structure. Alignment quality can be assessed according to the physico-chemical properties of the three dimensional models it produces

Virtual Patients and Sensitivity Analysis of the Guyton Model of Blood Pressure Regulation: Towards Individualized Models of Whole-Body Physiology

Mathematical models that integrate multi-scale physiological data can offer insight into physiological and pathophysiological function, and may eventually assist in individualized predictive medicine. We present a methodology for performing systematic analyses of multi-parameter interactions in such complex, multi-scale models. Human physiology models are often based on or inspired by Arthur Guyton's whole-body circulatory regulation model. Despite the significance of this model, it has not been the subject of a systematic and comprehensive sensitivity study. Therefore, we use this model as a case study for our methodology. Our analysis of the Guyton model reveals how the multitude of model parameters combine to affect the model dynamics, and how interesting combinations of parameters may be identified. It also includes a “virtual population” from which “virtual individuals” can be chosen, on the basis of exhibiting conditions similar to those of a real-world patient. This lays the groundwork for using the Guyton model for in silico exploration of pathophysiological states and treatment strategies. The results presented here illustrate several potential uses for the entire dataset of sensitivity results and the “virtual individuals” that we have generated, which are included in the supplementary material. More generally, the presented methodology is applicable to modern, more complex multi-scale physiological models