Assessing the nomological network of the South African personality inventory with psychological traits

The purpose of this study was to expand internal construct validity and equivalence research of the South African Personality Inventory (SAPI), as well as to investigate the nomological validity of the SAPI by examining its relationship with specific and relevant psychological outcomes. The internal and external validity of the SAPI was assessed within three separate samples (N = 936). Using the combined data from all three samples, Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM) indicated that the six-factor SAPI model fit proved to be excellent. Measurement invariance analyses showed that the SAPI dimensions in the ESEM model were invariant across gender and race groups. Next, two separate studies explored the associations of the SAPI factors with relevant psychological outcomes. An ESEM-within-CFA (set ESEM) method was used to add the factors into a new input file to correlate them with variables that were not part of the initial ESEM model. Both models generated excellent fit. In Study 1, psychological wellbeing and cultural intelligence were correlated with the SAPI factors within a sample of students and working adults. All of the psychological well-being dimensions significantly correlated with the SAPI factors, while for cultural intelligence, the highest correlations were between Meta-cognition and Openness and Meta-cognition and Positive Social- Relational Disposition. In Study 2, work locus of control and trait anxiety was correlated with the SAPI factors within a sample of adults from the general South African workforce. Work Locus of Control correlated with most factors of the SAPI, but more prominently with Positive Social-Relational Disposition, while Neuroticism correlated strongly with trait anxiety. Finding an appropriate internal structure that measures personality without bias in a culturally diverse context is difficult. This study provided strong evidence that the SAPI meets the demanding requirements of personality measurement in this context and generated promising results to support the relevance of the SAPI factors.The South African National Research Foundationhttp://www.frontiersin.org/Psychologyam2022Human Resource Managemen

The cross-cultural relevance of indigenous measures : the South African personality inventory (SAPI), family orientation, and well-being in New Zealand

Indigenous personality research often remains limited to its cultural context of origin. Previous cross-cultural examinations of indigenous models have typically focused on East–West comparisons and have paid scant attention to the predictive validity of indigenous models in new contexts. The present study addresses the replicability of the South African Personality Inventory (SAPI) and its predictive validity for family orientation and well-being in New Zealand European (n = 428) and Māori students (n = 226). The structure of the SAPI in New Zealand was equivalent to the structure identified in South Africa and had metric invariance between the two New Zealand groups. The SAPI social-relational scales explained additional variance above neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness in family orientation, but not in well-being. Mediation path analyses suggested that personality played a similar role for family orientation and well-being in the two groups when assessed by the SAPI, although group differences were suggested when using the Big Five Inventory. Our findings indicate that indigenously derived models, developed with the aim to represent culturally salient concepts, can be relevant well beyond their culture of origin and offer an enriched understanding of personality’s role for important outcomes across cultures.The School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.http://jcc.sagepub.comhj2022Human Resource Managemen

Fundamental social motives measured across forty-two cultures in two waves

How does psychology vary across human societies? The fundamental social motives framework adopts an evolutionary approach to capture the broad range of human social goals within a taxonomy of ancestrally recurring threats and opportunities. These motives—self-protection, disease avoidance, affiliation, status, mate acquisition, mate retention, and kin care—are high in fitness relevance and everyday salience, yet understudied cross-culturally. Here, we gathered data on these motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) in two cross-sectional waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which datawere gathered in both waves. Wave 1 was collected from mid-2016 through late 2019 (32 countries, N = 8,998; 3,302 male, 5,585 female; Mage = 24.43, SD = 7.91). Wave 2 was collected from April through November 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic (29 countries, N = 6,917; 2,249 male, 4,218 female; Mage = 28.59, SD = 11.31). These data can be used to assess differences and similarities in people’s fundamental social motives both across and within cultures, at different time points, and in relation to other commonly studied cultural indicators and outcomes

The longitudinal links of personality traits, values, and well-being and self-esteem. A five-wave study of a nationally representative sample

The existence of links between personality traits, values, and well-being and self-esteem is well established, but the nature and direction of these links have been less clearly understood. This study examines longitudinally the stability of traits and values, their mutual effects, and their effects on affective and cognitive well-being and self-esteem. We analyzed data from a nationally representative panel in The Netherlands, spanning 5 time points spread across 8 years (n = 5,159 to 7,021 per time point, total N = 11,890). We estimated latent state-trait models with autoregression and random-intercepts cross-lagged panel models to account for the trait-like, time-invariant stability of the constructs. Traits were more stable than values. The bidirectional effects tended to be significant, but could be distinguished by their relative size. Traits predicted values more strongly than they were predicted by values, and generally predicted well-being and self-esteem more strongly than values did. Traits predicted broad well-being (especially its affective aspects) more strongly than they were predicted by it; values, by contrast, were predicted by well-being (especially its cognitive aspects and self-esteem) more strongly than they predicted it. The findings highlight the central role of traits for personality functioning, while also supporting the mutual constitution of traits and other personality concepts. The results are discussed in the framework of different theoretical approaches to the composition of the broader personality system. (DIPF/Orig.) [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology on Apr 4 2019 (see record 2019-18472-001). In the article, the stability model is referred to incorrectly as trait-state error model in the abstract, twice in the main body of the article, and in the Table 2 Note. Corrected versions of the fourth sentence in the abstract, the first sentence of the Analysis Outline section, and the first sentence of the Table 2 Note are provided in the erratum. The Kenny & Zautra (1995) reference has been deleted from the text and References list, and Steyer & Schmitt (1994) was added to the text and References list. All versions of this article have been corrected.

The longitudinal links of personality traits, values, and well-being and self-esteem:A five-wave study of a nationally representative sample

The existence of links between personality traits, values, and well-being and self-esteem is well established, but the nature and direction of these links have been less clearly understood. This study examines longitudinally the stability of traits and values, their mutual effects, and their effects on affective and cognitive well-being and self-esteem. We analyzed data from a nationally representative panel in The Netherlands, spanning 5 time points spread across 8 years (n = 5,159 to 7,021 per time point, total N = 11,890). We estimated trait-state-error models and random-intercepts cross-lagged panel models to account for the trait-like, time-invariant stability of the constructs. Traits were more stable than values. The bidirectional effects tended to be significant, but could be distinguished by their relative size. Traits predicted values more strongly than they were predicted by values, and generally predicted well-being and self-esteem more strongly than values did. Traits predicted broad well-being (especially its affective aspects) more strongly than they were predicted by it; values, by contrast, were predicted by well-being (especially its cognitive aspects and self-esteem) more strongly than they predicted it. The findings highlight the central role of traits for personality functioning, while also supporting the mutual constitution of traits and other personality concepts. The results are discussed in the framework of different theoretical approaches to the composition of the broader personality system

Erratum to The longitudinal links of personality traits, values, and well-being and self-esteem: A five-wave study of a nationally representative sample (vol 117, pg 448, 2018)

Reports an error in "The longitudinal links of personality traits, values, and well-being and self-esteem: A five-wave study of a nationally representative sample" by Velichko H. Fetvadjiev and Jia He (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Advanced Online Publication, Nov 05, 2018, np). In the article, the stability model is referred to incorrectly as trait-state error model in the abstract, twice in the main body of the article, and in the Table 2 Note. Corrected versions of the fourth sentence in the abstract, the first sentence of the Analysis Outline section, and the first sentence of the Table 2 Note are provided in the erratum. The Kenny & Zautra (1995) reference has been deleted from the text and References list, and Steyer & Schmitt (1994) was added to the text and References list. All versions of this article have been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2018-55622-001.) The existence of links between personality traits, values, and well-being and self-esteem is well established, but the nature and direction of these links have been less clearly understood. This study examines longitudinally the stability of traits and values, their mutual effects, and their effects on affective and cognitive well-being and self-esteem. We analyzed data from a nationally representative panel in The Netherlands, spanning 5 time points spread across 8 years (n = 5,159 to 7,021 per time point, total N = 11,890). We estimated latent state–trait models with autoregression and random-intercepts cross-lagged panel models to account for the trait-like, time-invariant stability of the constructs. Traits were more stable than values. The bidirectional effects tended to be significant, but could be distinguished by their relative size. Traits predicted values more strongly than they were predicted by values, and generally predicted well-being and self-esteem more strongly than values did. Traits predicted broad well-being (especially its affective aspects) more strongly than they were predicted by it; values, by contrast, were predicted by well-being (especially its cognitive aspects and self-esteem) more strongly than they predicted it. The findings highlight the central role of traits for personality functioning, while also supporting the mutual constitution of traits and other personality concepts. The results are discussed in the framework of different theoretical approaches to the composition of the broader personality syste

Five factor model of personality, universality of

The Five-Factor Model (FFM) is a language-based model of the structure of personality. Evidence from three lines of research on the FFM's universality across cultures is reviewed: (1) questionnaire studies that sought to replicate the FFM across cultures; (2) psycholexical studies that examined implicit models of personality in different languages using lexica; and (3) indigenous and emic"etic studies that examined personality structures in specific cultures using a variety of methods, and subsequently assessed the overlap between these models and the FFM. Support for the universality of the FFM is strongest when FFM-based questionnaires are used and tends to be stronger in Western than in non-Western cultures. Four factors are usually well replicated (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness), whereas the fifth factor, Openness, is not always found. From a psycholexical perspective, the replicability of three broad dimensions is best established: Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Emic"etic studies tend to converge on a structure similar to the FFM, although sometimes expanding it in the domain of social-relational functioning. The nonreplication of the FFM cannot be easily attributed to a common pattern of causes; data quality, availability of abstract terms in the language, and cultural salience of the concepts are often involved