Normative Influence on Athletes' Intentions to Intervene in Sport

Previous research in the activity area has found that descriptive norms can influence individual activity (Crozier, 2014; Priebe & Spink, 2014; 2015). While important, studies examining other important outcomes in the activity area have not been conducted. For example, no research has examined whether normative information can be used to influence athletes' intentions to intervene with other teammates. In an effort to address this gap in the literature, the purpose of the current experiment was to examine whether descriptive norms, that were either supported by a coach or not, would influence a player’s intentions to intervene when teammates made technical errors or did not exert enough effort. Canadian adult soccer players (N = 106) were recruited to participate in this online experimental study. Participants were assigned to one of three conditions: normative (teammates intervene)/coach support, normative (teammates intervene)/coach not support, or attention control. Participants in both of the normative conditions read two short vignettes describing how the players and coach on a hypothetical soccer team responded to a teammate’s technical mistakes and lack of effort, respectively. While imagining themselves as a member of this hypothetical team, participants then rated their intentions to intervene with other members of this team. Results from ANCOVAs (controlling for previous intervening behaviour) revealed different results for intentions to intervene following technical mistakes versus lack of effort. Results for technical mistakes revealed a significant main effect for condition F(2, 102) = 4.98, p 0.05, adj Cohen’s d = 0.13). There was no significant main effect for condition with respect to teammates exhibiting a lack of effort F(2, 95) = 1.82, p > 0.1). Results from this experiment provide initial evidence that descriptive norms supported by a coach may influence players' intentions to intervene when a teammate makes a mistake

Meta-scientific reflection of undergraduate students: is mathematics a natural science?

Reflecting on the nature of mathematics is an important activity for undergraduate students. To analyse students’ reflection, we address the questions how students categorize mathematics in the system of scientific disciplines and what arguments they use to support their decision, in particular. In an online-survey, we implemented two open-ended items to gather information about the meta-scientific reflection of 296 undergraduate students enrolled in a mathematics-related study program. By analysing students’ answers, we identified nine subthemes that can be grouped in three themes: (1) the content, (2) the method, and (3) the purpose of mathematics. Most of the students concentrated on only one of the three themes. Based on these results, we discuss in which way prompts can support students’ meta-scientific reflection

Mitigating Over-Smoothing and Over-Squashing using Augmentations of Forman-Ricci Curvature

While Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been successfully leveraged for learning on graph-structured data across domains, several potential pitfalls have been described recently. Those include the inability to accurately leverage information encoded in long-range connections (over-squashing), as well as difficulties distinguishing the learned representations of nearby nodes with growing network depth (over-smoothing). An effective way to characterize both effects is discrete curvature: Long-range connections that underlie over-squashing effects have low curvature, whereas edges that contribute to over-smoothing have high curvature. This observation has given rise to rewiring techniques, which add or remove edges to mitigate over-smoothing and over-squashing. Several rewiring approaches utilizing graph characteristics, such as curvature or the spectrum of the graph Laplacian, have been proposed. However, existing methods, especially those based on curvature, often require expensive subroutines and careful hyperparameter tuning, which limits their applicability to large-scale graphs. Here we propose a rewiring technique based on Augmented Forman-Ricci curvature (AFRC), a scalable curvature notation, which can be computed in linear time. We prove that AFRC effectively characterizes over-smoothing and over-squashing effects in message-passing GNNs. We complement our theoretical results with experiments, which demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance while significantly reducing the computational cost in comparison with other methods. Utilizing fundamental properties of discrete curvature, we propose effective heuristics for hyperparameters in curvature-based rewiring, which avoids expensive hyperparameter searches, further improving the scalability of the proposed approach

The narrative coherence of witness transcripts in children on the autism spectrum

Background and Aims. Autistic children often recall fewer details about witnessed events than typically developing children (of comparable age and ability), although the information they recall is generally no less accurate. Previous research has not examined the narrative coherence of such accounts, despite higher quality narratives potentially being perceived more favourably by criminal justice professionals and juries. This study compared the narrative coherence of witness transcripts produced by autistic and typically developing (TD) children (ages 6-11 years, IQs 70+). Methods and Procedures. Secondary analysis was carried out on interview transcripts from a subset of 104 participants (autism=52, TD=52) who had taken part in a larger study of eyewitness skills in autistic and TD children. Groups were matched on chronological age, IQ and receptive language ability. Coding frameworks were adopted from existing narrative research, featuring elements of ‘story grammar’. Outcomes and Results. Whilst fewer event details were reported by autistic children, there were no group differences in narrative coherence (number and diversity of ‘story grammar’ elements used), narrative length or semantic diversity. Conclusions and Implications. These findings suggest that the narrative coherence of autistic children’s witness accounts is equivalent to TD peers of comparable age and ability

Existence and Construction of Vessiot Connections

A rigorous formulation of Vessiot's vector field approach to the analysis of general systems of partial differential equations is provided. It is shown that this approach is equivalent to the formal theory of differential equations and that it can be carried through if, and only if, the given system is involutive. As a by-product, we provide a novel characterisation of transversal integral elements via the contact map

Neue Parameter für die Wirkstofftestung gegen Trypanosoma cruzi

Chagas disease is a zoonosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by triatomine bugs. Autochthonous to Latin America, Chagas disease has spread globally through travel and migration. New drugs are needed urgently, in particular drugs that cure the chronic stage. This is where high-content imaging makes a key contribution: assays with fluorescent parasites in cell culture allow to determine pharmacodynamic parameters and to better assess the antichagasic potential of new molecules

Ostatnie rycerstwo Europy : husaria w utworach Wespazjana Kochowskiego

The aim of this paper is to explore the image of Polish hussars emerging from the writings of Wespazjan Kochowski. The subject of reflection is mostly the ways of fighting of hussar towarzysz and the role of the characteristic hussar weaponry described in Kochowski’s poems. The author of Niepróżnujące próżnowanie (Not Idling Idleness) was sent as part of levy in mass to Berestechko (1651) shortly after graduation. Thenceforth he was in the army until 1660, also in the Crown hussar company of margrave Władysław Myszkowski. Wespazjan Kochowski devoted a large part of his writings to soldier life, famous battles and commanders. This article analyzes the works of a poet‑soldier, in which we find a first‑hand description of hussars; they include verses from the collection Niepróżnujące próżnowanie (Not Idling Idleness) and excerpts from Commentarius belli adversus Turcas ad Viennam (Memoirs from the Wars against Turks) and Dzieła Boskiego albo Pieśni Wiednia wybawionego i inszych transakcyjej wojny tureckiej w roku 1683 szczęśliwie rozpoczętej (The Work of God or Songs of Liberated Vienna)

2-(2-Pyridylamino)Pyridinium2-(2-Pyridylamino)pyridinium chloride phosphorous acid: one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded and [π]-[π] stacked supramolecular chains

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C10H10N3+&middot;Cl-&middot;[P(O)(OH)2H], the chloride ion and phosphorous acid form a one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded chain, while the 2-(2-pyridylamino)pyridinium cations form a second chain through [&pi;]-[&pi;] stacking. The two parallel chains are connected via a PO...H-N hydrogen bond and a weak pyridinium-to-chloride interaction.<br /

Nieznany rękopis z Bavorovianum. Perspektywy badań zdigitalizowanych zbiorów z Lwowskiej Narodowej Naukowej Biblioteki Ukrainy im. Wasyla Stefanyka

Przedmiotem artykułu są zbiory należące niegdyś do lwowskiej Biblioteki Fundacji Wiktora Baworowskiego. W artykule przedstawiono działalność Wiktora Baworowskiego, losy zgromadzonych zbiorów po jego śmierci, a także kwestię pozostawionych we Lwowie kolekcji Bavorovianum, które w wyniku powojennej zmiany granic weszły w skład Lwowskiej Narodowej Naukowej Biblioteki Ukrainy im. Wasyla Stefanyka. Omówiona została przede wszystkim współpraca bibliotek wrocławskiej i lwowskiej, obejmująca projekt digitalizacji pozostawionych we Lwowie polskich zbiorów. Jako przykład zdigitalizowanego i udostępnionego w internetowej bazie dokumentu pochodzącego z Biblioteki Baworowskich posłużył nieopracowany dotąd dziewiętnastowieczny kopiariusz, zawierający m.in. wiersze Anny z Mycielskich Radziwiłłowej, Franciszki Urszuli Radziwiłłowej oraz anonimowy diariusz opisujący drogę do Drezna. Poprzez zaprezentowanie zawartości dokumentu podkreślono znaczenie procesów digitalizacji umożliwiających badanie cennych manuskryptów, do których dostęp był niegdyś utrudniony