Assessing Students\u27 Risk Factors for Type II Diabetes at a Midwest Public University

The purpose of this study was to assess students\u27 risk factors for type II diabetes at a Midwest public university. It further examined students\u27 perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and self-efficacy of the disease. The design of the cross-sectional study was based on risk factors for type II diabetes listed by the American Diabetes Association and the Health Belief Model\u27s constructs of perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and self-efficacy. A survey was distributed to non-diabetic college students aged 18 and older enrolled in general education courses at a Midwest public university. A purposive sampling of 432 students enrolled in Health 101 and Psychology 101 at Minnesota State University, Mankato was used in this study. The survey included questions on risk factors for type II diabetes, perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and self-efficacy toward the disease. Data analysis showed the most common risk factors for type II diabetes among college students were lack of physical activity, increased body mass index, and an apple body shape. Males possessed more risk factors than females. Findings from the study in relation to the Health Belief Model\u27s perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and self-efficacy showed that on a group level, participants with more risk factors for type II diabetes perceived themselves as more susceptible to the disease, and participants with familial history of type II diabetes perceived the seriousness of the disease at the same level as those with no family history. As for the Health Belief Model\u27s construct of self-efficacy, nearly three-quarters of the participants felt confident that they can prevent type II diabetes

INFLUENCIA DE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS SEMINALES DEL EYACULADO DE CONEJO SOBRE LA CALIDAD ESPERMÁTICA POST-DESCONGELACIÓN

El trabajo se enmarca dentro de los estudios de heredabilidad de los parámetros seminales en el eyaculado y post-descongelación que se llevan a cabo sobre machos seleccionados de la línea R. El objetivo fue realizar un estudio preliminar sobre las relaciones entre parámetros seminales del eyaculado y parámetros espermáticos post-descongelación.Ferrian, S. (2007). INFLUENCIA DE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS SEMINALES DEL EYACULADO DE CONEJO SOBRE LA CALIDAD ESPERMÁTICA POST-DESCONGELACIÓN. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/12203Archivo delegad

Nilai-nilai Sosial Pendidikan Tradisi Mantu Bubak dalam Pernikahan Adat Jawa di Desa Gunungan

Mantu Bubak in Javanese traditional marriage is one of the traditions that has been preserved from generation to generation in Gunungan Village, Kartoharjo District, Magetan Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the social values of education in the Mantu Bubak tradition in Javanese traditional marriages in Gunungan Village. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research. Qualitative methods are social research steps to obtain descriptive data in the form of words and pictures. This research was conducted using descriptive research methods in the people of Gunungan Village. From the research conducted, the results obtained are as follows: (1). There is a value of mutual cooperation in the Mantu Bubak tradition in Javanese traditional weddings in Gunungan Village, (2). There is a religious value in the Mantu Bubak tradition in Javanese traditional weddings in Gunungan Villag

Identificazione di loci di suscettibilitá ed interazioni epistatiche associate allo sviluppo di schisi orofacciali isolate

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most common congenital malformations (1/700 live births), second only to clubfoot. OFCs have a very significant impact on healthcare and knowing their etiology is essential for genetic counseling, setting prevention strategies and improving therapeutic interventions. OFCs include cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CPO). CL/P and CPO can be part of a number of monogenic and chromosomal syndromes, but in most cases occur as isolated birth defects (non-syndromic), assignable to complex diseases such as multifactorial etiology. Their causes are still largely unknown and are believed to be due to an interplay of environmental and genetic factors. The specific aim of this research is to track down genetic variants with susceptibility to OFCs and to identify the network of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions at the base of the etiology of non-syndromic OFCs. This research was carried out using a large dataset of European triads from the EUROCRAN and ITALCLEFT projects. I initially applied a combined positional/candidate gene approach studying the IRF6 gene. This association study resulted in the identification of the rs642961G> A gene variant, which causes the loss of a AP-2α site and associates with an increased risk for cleft lip. rs642961 has been considered the first functional variant involved in the pathogenesis of non-syndromic cleft lip. In an independent study on European CPO trios, using a candidate gene strategy, I identified a significant association between variants in the FAF1 gene and the risk for isolated Cleft Palate. FAF1 is so far the only gene associated with CPO. Next, I set up a genome-wide approach, studying a panel of approximately 550,000 SNPs covering the entire genome. This study of genome-wide association (GWA) study resulted in the identification of a region of 640 kb on chromosome 8q24.21, among which the rs987525 variant was identified as the SNP with maximum risk for CL/P (p = 3.34*10-24). rs987525 is located in a gene desert and its function completely unknown. Its relevance was later confirmed by two other independent GWA studies. The GWA analysis was later extended to identify other major susceptibility loci for CL/P. By replicating the study on a dataset of parental triads I identified other 4 gene variants associated with significant risk for CL/P. These polymorphisms are located near genes invlved the TGFβ-pathway, in the craniofacial development and cancerogenesis. Thereafter, to look for gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, I used a strategy of data-mining (MDR). It came out that the variant located near NOG gene was interacting with maternal exposure to tobacco smoke during the first trimester of pregnancy. The MDR analysis also identified a remarkable multiplicative interaction between variants in SPRY2 and GREM1 genes. This is the first evidence ever documented of an epistatic interaction in the etiology of isolated CL/P. These experimental results pave the way for translation into genetic counseling practice, and the base for new strategies of primary prevention of non-syndromic OFCs

Pengembangan media pembelajaran “ORMAS” (Organ tubuh manusia) Berbasis Aplikasi Microsoft Power Point di Sekolah Dasar

Proses pembelajaran saat ini belum bisa dilakukan secara langsung melalui tatap muka karena dampak dari Covid-19. Sehingga proses pembelajaran hanya bisa dilakukan dengan sistem daring (dalam jaringan) atau bisa disebut pembelajaran online. Melihat situasi dan kondisi saat ini pengembangan dan pemanfaatan media pembelajaran sangat di perlukan, untuk itu diperlukan media yang dapat dimanfaatkan siswa secara mandiri. Penelitian media ORMAS berbasis Power Point pada mata pelajaran IPA kelas V sekolah dasar ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian pengembangan atau R&D. Menggunakan model ASSURE meliputi 6 tahapan sebagai berikut, Analyse Learner, State Objektives, Select Method, Media or Materials, Utilize Media and Materials, Require Learner Participation (tidak dilakukan), dan Evaluate. Penelitian ini digunakan untuk mengembangkan dan memvalidasi produk. Hasil validasi pakar materi mendapatkan presentase 80% sehingga dapat dikategorikan “Tinggi” (Valid). Hasil validasi oleh pakar media mendapatkan presentase 75.5% sehingga dapat dikategorikan “Tinggi” (Valid). Sedangkan hasil validasi oleh pakar rancangan pembelajaran mendapatkan presentase 74% sehingga dapat dikategorikan “Tinggi” (Valid). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengembangan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa media ORMAS berbasis Power Point pada mata pelajaran IPA kelas V sekolah dasar layak digunakan dalam pembelajara

Size effects on spheroidal voids by Finite Fracture Mechanics and application to corrosion pits

The present work aims at investigating the failure size effect of a spheroidal void in an infinite linear elastic solid under remote tension by means of the coupled Finite Fracture Mechanics (FFM) approach. The opening stress field and the stress intensity factor (SIF) of an annular crack surrounding the cavity -necessary for the FFM implementation- are obtained numerically through parametric axisymmetric finite element analyses (FEAs): The spheroid aspect ratio is varied between 0.1 and 10 and Poisson's ratio between 0.1 and 0.5. Accordingly, semi-analytical functions approximating the stress concentration factor and the SIF are put forward. Finally, the failure size effect on spheroidal voids is reported, and FFM predictions are compared with experimental results on the fatigue limit arising from corrosion pits, showing a fairly good agreement

Finite Fracture Mechanics and Cohesive Crack Model: Size effects through a unified formulation

Finite Fracture Mechanics and Cohesive Crack Model can effectively predict the strength of plain, cracked or notched structural components, overcoming the classical drawbacks of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics. Aim of the present work is to investigate size effects by expressing each model as a unified system of two equations, describing a stress requirement and the energy balance, respectively. Brittle crack onset in two different structural configurations is considered: (i) a circular hole in a tensile slab; (ii) an un-notched beam under pure bending. The study is performed through a semi-analytical parametric approach. Finally, theoretical strength predictions are validated with experimental results available in the literature for both geometries, and with estimations by the point criterion in the framework of Theory of Critical Distances

Finite Fracture Mechanics: Size effects on spheroidal voids and corrosion pits

The present work aims at investigating the size effect of a spheroidal cavity in an infinite linear elastic continuum under remote tension, by means of the coupled Finite Fracture Mechanics (FFM) [1] approach. FFM is a coupled fracture criterion which allows to provide strength predictions based on the simultaneous fulfilment of a stress condition and the energy balance. Although initially proposed and applied only to static problems, FFM was later extended to assess the fatigue limit of structural components [2]. Whereas the static formulation requires the knowledge of the material ultimate tensile strength and of the fracture toughness, both the plain fatigue limit and the threshold value of the stress intensity factor range are needed in the fatigue regime. To implement the FFM, the longitudinal stress field and the Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) related to an annular crack surrounding the spheroidal void, are obtained numerically through a parametric axisymmetric Finite Element Analysis (FEAs). In these analysis, to evaluate the effect of the void geometry, the void axis ratio is varied between 0.1 and 10. Furthermore, to encompass also the influence of the material, different Poisson’s ratios are considered ranging between 0.1 and 0.5. Semi-analytical approximating functions providing the stress concentration factor Kt and the SIF itself are put forward. In the framework of fatigue failure, one of the most important issues is that related to corrosion pitting, a very localized and critical form of damage. Studies focused on this topic have been proposed since the middle of the last century, by approximating the pit shape as in between hemispherical and hemispheroidal. In particular, different works focused on the estimation of Kt, through three-dimensional (3D) FEAs. On the down side, precise 3D FEAs are computationally expensive and thus not adequate for preliminary sizing of structural components. Furthermore, Kt based studies are not able to catch any size-effect according to classical linear elasticity. For these reasons, Härkegård (2015) [3] approximated the fatigue behaviour of a hemispherical pit by that of a spherical cavity in an infinite tensile body. Following this idea, in the present study, the strength estimations, obtained for a spheroidal void in an infinite linear elastic continuum under remote tension, are compared with experimental fatigue data related to corrosion pitting on two different material: (i) 12% Cr martensitic [4] and (ii) 17-4PH turbine-grade steels [5]. References [1] Leguillon D. Strength or toughness? A criterion for crack onset at a notch. Eur J Mech - A/Solids. 2002;21: 61–72. [2] Sapora A, Cornetti P, Campagnolo A, Meneghetti G. Fatigue limit: Crack and notch sensitivity by Finite Fracture Mechanics. Theor Appl Fract Mech. 2020;105: 102407. [3] Härkegård G. Short-crack modelling of the effect of corrosion pits on the fatigue limit of 12% Cr steel. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct. 2015;38: 1009–1016. [4] Salzman R, Gandy D, Rieger N, et al. Corrosion-Fatigue Prediction Methodology for 12% Cr Steam Turbine Blades. In: Volume 1: Fuels and Combustion, Material Handling, Emissions; Steam Generators; Heat Exchangers and Cooling Systems; Turbines, Generators and Auxiliaries; Plant Operations and Maintenance. American Society of Mechanical Engineers; 2013. [5] Schönbauer BM, Stanzl-Tschegg SE, Perlega A, et al. The influence of corrosion pits on the fatigue life of 17-4PH steam turbine blade steel. Eng Fract Mech. 2015;147: 158–175