Temporomandibular juxtaarticular chondroma : case report

Chondromas are benign tumours composed of mature hyaline cartilage. We present here the first case in the English language medical literature of juxtaarticular chondroma of the temporomandibular joint in the parotid region. Within the rarity of cartilage disorders of the temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ), this particular condition is a diagnostic curiosity. The patient, a 54 year old woman, presented a right preauricular tumour of 3.5 cm. which had been developing for 4 years. It was not painful but there was a recent symptomology of TMJ dysfunction, with pain and clicks. The diagnostic possibilities of a parotid pleomorphic adenoma and of a cartilage tumour of the TMJ suggested a difficult preoperative differential diagnosis, which influenced our approach regarding therapy. The tumour was excised, preserving the parotid gland. This enabled us to confirm the histological diagnosis of chondroma, composed solely of chondroide tissue. We have described the clinical characteristics of our case, and carried out a review of the relevant literature, emphasising the differential diagnoses

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in oral premalignant epithelial lesions

[Resumen] Las lesiones premalignas orales incluyen eritroplasias (manchas rojas) y leucoplasias (manchas blancas), las cuales se desarrollan a lo largo de superficies epiteliales. Estas lesiones son considerados marcadores en la “car- cinogénesis de campo” ya que pacientes con lesiones premalignas orales pue- den desarrollar carcinoma de células escamosas (CCS) en el sitio de las lesio- nes, así como en otros lugares de tracto aerodigestivo superior. Se está hacien- do un gran esfuerzo para identificar nuevos biomarcadores SEBs (surrogate endpoint biomarkers) para el carcinoma de células escamosas de cabeza y cue- llo. Los SEBs candidatos para el carcinoma de células escamosas invasivo en el trato aerodigestivo superior deben ser detectables con los cambios molecu- lares celulares y tisulares que tienen lugar durante la formación del tumor. Entre los diferentes marcadores que se han propuesto hasta la actualidad, la ciclo- oxigenasa-2 (COX-2) y el receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico (EGFR) parecen ser los más prometedores. COX-2 se sobre expresa durante el pro- ceso tumoral, desde hiperplasia temprana a enfermedad metastásica. EGFR también está anormalmente activado en tumores epiteliales, pues las células de casi todas estas neoplasias expresan altos niveles de este receptor, una carac- terística asociada con un peor pronóstico clínico. En este sentido el tracto aero- digestivo superior proporciona un sistema o modelo único para el estudio de CCS y para la investigación de nuevos candidatos SEBs[Abstract] Oral premalignant lesions include leukoplakia (white patch) and erythroplakia (red patch), which develop on epithelial surfaces. These lesions are markers for field cancerization because patients with oral premalignancy can develop squamous cell carcinoma at the site of the lesion(s) and at other sites in the upper aerodigestive tract. An effort is being made to identify surrogate endpoint biomarkers (SEBs) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Candidate SEBs for invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper aerodigestive tract are detectable molecular, cellular, and tissue changes that take place during tumorigenesis. Among the markers that have been proposed to date, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) seem to be the most promising. COX-2 is overexpressed during tumor transformation from early hyperplasia to metastasic disease. EGFR is also abnormally activated in epithelial tumors, since cells of almost all these kinds of neoplasm express high levels of this receptor, a characteristic associated with poor clinical outcome. The upper aerodigestive tract provides a unique model for studying the development of squamous cell carcinoma and for investigating candidate SEBs

A comparative study of platelet-rich plasma, hydroxyapatite, demineralized bone matrix and autologous bone to promote bone regeneration after mandibular impacted third molar extraction.

Objectives: 1) to compare mandibular bone regeneration by applying autologous bone, platelet-rich plasma and two biomaterials (synthetic calcium hydroxyapatite, and demineralized bone matrix), and thus establish the potential benefits of these biomaterials in the regeneration of postextraction alveolar bone, 2) to identify wich of them accelerates more bone regeneration and 3) to determine whether there are differences in the postoperative period (pain, swelling, trismus, infection) depending on the material used. Study Design: It consists in a prospective, controlled (with a split- mouth design) and double blinded study. We use as a model an easily reproducible non-critical bone defect: the defect that remains after extraction of mandibular impacted third molar. The study design is based on the extraction of two mandibular impacted third molars in a patient during the same surgical procedure by the same surgeon. We assessed postoperative clinical data, and short, medium and long term neoformation of alveolar bone after extraction. We compared the two sockets (right and left), which had been grafted in a different way with the various elements mentioned above. In addition, we compared the postoperative inflammatory symptoms between groups. Results: The highest acceleration in bone formation was observed in groups in which we used autologous bone and demineralized bone matrix. There were no statistically significant differences between groups regarding pain, swelling, trismus and infection throughout the postoperative period. Conclusions: According to the results of our study, autologous bone persists as the gold standard material for bone regeneration. Among the assessed biomaterials, demineralized bone matrix has yielded the best results obtained. No significant differences in the postoperative (pain, swelling, trismus and infectious events) were observed, depending on the type of material used as a graft

Bacteria-instructed B cells cross-prime naïve CD8+ T cells triggering effective cytotoxic responses.

In addition to triggering humoral responses, conventional B cells have been described in vitro to cross-present exogenous antigens activating naïve CD8+ T cells. Nevertheless, the way B cells capture these exogenous antigens and the physiological roles of B cell-mediated cross-presentation remain poorly explored. Here, we show that B cells capture bacteria by trans-phagocytosis from previously infected dendritic cells (DC) when they are in close contact. Bacterial encounter "instructs" the B cells to acquire antigen cross-presentation abilities, in a process that involves autophagy. Bacteria-instructed B cells, henceforth referred to as BacB cells, rapidly degrade phagocytosed bacteria, process bacterial antigens and cross-prime naïve CD8+ T cells which differentiate into specific cytotoxic cells that efficiently control bacterial infections. Moreover, a proof-of-concept experiment shows that BacB cells that have captured bacteria expressing tumor antigens could be useful as novel cellular immunotherapies against cancer.We are grateful to advanced light microscopy and cytometry facilities of CNB for technical supporting. The research is supported by grants: SAF2017-84091- R, and PID2020-116393RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, financed by MCIN, BFERO2020.04, financed by FERO foundation and PI20/0036 from ISCIII. RGF is supported by BES-2016-076526 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy Industry and Competitiveness, JOP is supported by fellowship LCF/BQ/SO16/ 52270012 from La Caixa, BHF is supported by FPU18/00895 and AMP by FPU18/03199 from Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities. LdC has been supported by Juan de la Cierva grant IJC2018-035386-I and a contract associated to SEV-2017-0712. EVC, AMP, AMAM, and NMM belong to the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)’s Cancer Hub. Synopsis image made with biorender.com by Eduardo Roman Camacho and Esteban Veiga. We thanks Prof. Dan Portnoy who kindly provided bacterial strains.S

El periódico escolar como recurso para la comunicación, la participación y la animación a la lectura

Con este proyecto se pone en marcha una publicación cuatrimestral elaborada con aportaciones de todos los alumnos del centro. En esta revista escolar tienen cabida todos los sectores de la comunidad educativa para informar a las familias y para anunciar las actividades que se realizan en el centro. Entre los objetivos está el que los alumnos se sientan motivados en su trabajo diario por la posibilidad de que alguno de sus trabajos sea publicado en el periódico escolar. Además, con la publicación se pretende fomentar la observación y la creatividad entre los alumnos, que estos desarrollen el hábito lector, que valoren los trabajos de los compañeros y dar a conocer a toda la comunidad educativa las actividades que se desarrollan en el centro. Esta actividad también es muy positiva para fomentar la colaboración de los padres a través de la asociación de madres y padres de alumnos. El periódico está compuesto de secciones como creación literaria que recoge escritos de alumnos; un libro, un amigo, que contiene reseñas de libros que los alumnos recomiendan a sus compañeros; nuestro mundo; galería de arte; aprender con el periódico, donde se recogen trabajos de investigación de los alumnos; actividades dentro del centro; pasatiempos; entrevistas; una sección en inglés y otra de música. La publicación es maquetada y diseñada por los profesores. Adjunta un ejemplar del periódico.Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de Educación. Dirección General de Ordenación AcadémicaMadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Subdirección General de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES