«La literatura infantil como instrumento para educar en valores»

Treball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Infantil. Codi: MI1040. Curs acadèmic: 2018/2019A través de este Trabajo de Final de Grado se pretende demostrar la importancia de desarrollar la educación en valores a través de un instrumento indispensable en la educación: la literatura. Esta es una herramienta fundamental en la etapa de educación infantil para que los niños y niñas puedan comenzar lo más pronto posible a desarrollar sus capacidades cognitivas y conductuales. Así mismo la literatura potencia el crecimiento personal del niño/a al desarrollar la creatividad, la imaginación y la capacidad de razonar, con los que posteriormente podrá reflexionar y emitir juicios de valor los cuales establecerán parte de su personalidad; todo ello sin olvidar el valor de entretenimiento que supone para ellos la literatura. Para ello se profundizará en la historia de la literatura desde el siglo XVII hasta la actualidad, se explorarán los valores morales en esas épocas y su evolución en la literatura infantil. Con esas bases explicaremos los criterios de elección de diferentes lecturas adaptadas a las fases de crecimiento del niño/a y las funciones que la literatura asumirá en su crecimiento personal; para constatar así la importancia educar en valores mediante la literatura. Finalmente, los resultados de esta investigación se pondrán a prueba en una práctica en la que se realiza una enseñanza lúdica de los valores morales a través de los cuentos, a niños y niñas de edades comprendidas entre los 3 y 4 años en un aula escolar

The structure of a protein primer-polymerase complex in the initiation of genome replication

Picornavirus RNA replication is initiated by the covalent attachment of a UMP molecule to the hydroxyl group of a tyrosine in the terminal protein VPg. This reaction is carried out by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3D). Here, we report the X-ray structure of two complexes between foot-and-mouth disease virus 3D, VPg1, the substrate UTP and divalent cations, in the absence and in the presence of an oligoadenylate of 10 residues. In both complexes, VPg fits the RNA binding cleft of the polymerase and projects the key residue Tyr3 into the active site of 3D. This is achieved by multiple interactions with residues of motif F and helix α8 of the fingers domain and helix α13 of the thumb domain of the polymerase. The complex obtained in the presence of the oligoadenylate showed the product of the VPg uridylylation (VPg-UMP). Two metal ions and the catalytic aspartic acids of the polymerase active site, together with the basic residues of motif F, have been identified as participating in the priming reaction. © 2006 European Molecular Biology Organization | All Rights Reserved.Work in Barcelona was supported by Grants BIO2002-00517 and BFU2005-02376/BMC. Work in Madrid by Grants BMC 2001.1823.C02-01, BFU2005-00863/BMC and Fundación R Areces. CF and AA were supported by I3P fellowships from Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. RA was supported by an FPI fellowship from Comunidad de Madrid. The financial support was provided by the ESRFPeer Reviewe

Structures of T7 bacteriophage portal and tail suggest a viral DNA retention and ejection mechanism

Double-stranded DNA bacteriophages package their genome at high pressure inside a procapsid through the portal, an oligomeric ring protein located at a unique capsid vertex. Once the DNA has been packaged, the tail components assemble on the portal to render the mature infective virion. The tail tightly seals the ejection conduit until infection, when its interaction with the host membrane triggers the opening of the channel and the viral genome is delivered to the host cell. Using high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography, here we describe various structures of the T7 bacteriophage portal and fiber-less tail complex, which suggest a possible mechanism for DNA retention and ejection: a portal closed conformation temporarily retains the genome before the tail is assembled, whereas an open portal is found in the tail. Moreover, a fold including a seven-bladed β-propeller domain is described for the nozzle tail protein.This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain, grants BFU 2014-54181 (to J.L.C.), BFU 2014-53550-P and BFU2017-83720-P (to M.C.), and contracts SEV-2013-0347 (to A.C.) and RYC-2011-09071 (to C.M.). We acknowledge institutional funding through the Spanish Government Centres and Units of Excellence Severo Ochoa and Maria de Maeztu awards to IRB Barcelona (SEV-2015-0500) and IBMB Structural Biology Unit (MDM-2014-0435), respectively, and from the CERCA Programme of the Catalan Government to the IRB Barcelona. This work has also been supported by the European Commission, Horizon 2020 program through iNEXT project (grant number 653706)

El abordaje del Trabajador Social sobre los mitos y el estigma de la sociedad ante las enfermedades neurológicas.

La figura del trabajador social ante las enfermedades neurológicas es de vital importancia para las personas que padecen dichas patologías, ya que la tercera edad es un grupo social vulnerable, esto, sumado a padecer una enfermedad neurológica les hace ser un colectivo prejuzgado por la sociedad.El juicio anticipado hacia estas personas, crea una estigmatización errónea y unos falsos mitos que provoca una discriminación, esto lo observamos tras realizar un cuestionario sobre el estigma y los mitos que la sociedad tiene respecto a las enfermedades neurológicas en la tercera edad, como es el Alzheimer, el Parkinson y las demencias vasculares, y, por tanto, desde el Trabajo Social abordaremos una serie de propuestas para normalizar dichas enfermedades.<br /

The challenge of maintaining successful aging at 87 years old: the Octabaix study two-year follow-up

Preserving physical and cognitive function is crucial to successful aging. The objective of this study is to determine how many 87-year-old community-dwelling subjects continued to age successfully, according to a definition using a quantitative approach, and to assess the predictive value of certain factors evaluated 2 years previously. A total of 162 participants were assessed. Sociodemographic variables, the Barthel Index (BI), the Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MEC), the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), the Charlson Index, the Gait Rating Scale, social risk, quality of life, prevalent chronic diseases, and chronic drug prescription were collected. All subjects with scores over 90 points on the BI and above 23 points on the MEC were compared with the rest of the participants. A multiple regression analysis was performed. With the selected criteria, 90 (61.6%) community-dwelling subjects continued to age successfully. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the following were significantly associated with continued successful aging: A higher level of studies (p<0.02, odds ratio [OR] 3.223, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.158-8.975), better MEC scores (p<0.01, OR 1.204, 95% CI 1.046-1.386) and Tinetti gait scale scores (p<0.01, OR 1.433, 95% CI 1.013-2.027), and fewer chronic drug prescriptions (p<0.001, OR 0.768, 95% CI 0.655-0.899). In conclusion, more than half of the individuals continued to age successfully. In subjects aged 87 years, the factors associated with continued successful aging were longer schooling, better cognition scores, lower risk of falls, and fewer chronic drug prescriptions at baseline evaluation

PPAR<i>γ</i> agonist-loaded PLGA -PEG nanocarriers as a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease: in vitro and in vivo studies

Objective: The first aim of this study was to develop a nanocarrier that could transport the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ) across brain endothelium and examine the mechanism of nanoparticle transcytosis. The second aim was to determine whether these nanocarriers could successfully treat a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: PGZ-loaded nanoparticles (PGZ-NPs) were synthesized by the solvent displacement technique, following a factorial design using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG). The transport of the carriers was assessed in vitro, using a human brain endothelial cell line, cytotoxicity assays, fluorescence-tagged nanocarriers, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, confocal and transmission electron microscopy. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed in APP/PS1 mice in a behavioral assay and by measuring the cortical deposition of β-amyloid. Results: Incorporation of PGZ into the carriers promoted a 50x greater uptake into brain endothelium compared with the free drug and the carriers showed a delayed release profile of PGZ in vitro. In the doses used, the nanocarriers were not toxic for the endothelial cells, nor did they alter the permeability of the blood–brain barrier model. Electron microscopy indicated that the nanocarriers were transported from the apical to the basal surface of the endothelium by vesicular transcytosis. An efficacy test carried out in APP/PS1 transgenic mice showed a reduction of memory deficit in mice chronically treated with PGZ-NPs. Deposition of β-amyloid in the cerebral cortex, measured by immunohistochemistry and image analysis, was correspondingly reduced. Conclusion: PLGA-PEG nanocarriers cross brain endothelium by transcytosis and can be loaded with a pharmaceutical agent to effectively treat a mouse model of AD

Estrés en tiempos de confinamiento: estrategias de afrontamiento y crecimiento postraumático en población universitaria.

Antecedentes. La aparición del virus COVID-19 hizo que los universitarios experimentaran el cierre de su actividad académica mientras estaban sometidos al confinamiento obligatorio (situación excepcional). Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo con carácter retrospectivo fue analizar los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en el alumnado universitario en el período de marzo a mayo del año 2020, evaluar sus estrategias de afrontamiento y si experimentaron crecimiento postraumático. Método. Participaron un total de 239 universitarios (85,3% mujeres y 14,7% hombres). La edad se dividió en 3 categorías: 18-22/23-27/28 o más, siendo la franja de edad comprendida entre los 18-22 años (83,7%) la más frecuente. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y pruebas de comparación de medias entre las variables evaluadas. Resultados. Se observaron niveles de estrés significativamente superiores a los de depresión y ansiedad; el alumnado utilizó en mayor medida estrategias de afrontamiento adaptativas, presentando el 44,6% niveles moderados de crecimiento postraumático, y un 10,4% niveles elevados. Por otro lado, los estudiantes con mayores niveles de estrés utilizaron en mayor medida estrategias desadaptativas, sin presentar diferencias respecto al crecimiento postraumático. Conclusión. Existe la necesidad de promover entre el alumnado estrategias de afrontamiento más activas, con el fin de fomentar un mayor crecimiento tras situaciones estresante

Facilitators of participation and implementation of the immigrant families’ PELFI Sub-Cohort

Objetivo: PELFI es un estudio multicéntrico de cohortes de familias inmigradas en España. Los objetivos de este manuscrito son: 1) describir el reclutamiento, la recogida de información y las características sociodemográficas según origen y sexo de los participantes de las familias; y 2) valorar las estrategias de reclutamiento y recogida de información que facilitaron la participación en la subcohorte PELFI Badalona/SC. Método: Estudio descriptivo con una muestra de conveniencia de familias inmigrantes y autóctonas residentes en Badalona y Santa Coloma de Gramanet. Se encuestaron los padres, madres e hijos >16 años, y se realizaron exámenes médicos. Resultados: Participaron 115 familias. Entre las estrategias de reclutamiento, la bola de nieve logró el 69% de cooperación. La tasa de cooperación del estudio fue del 57,5% y de los exámenes médicos del 66,6%. La cooperación de las familias chinas fue del 38,5% y no se reclutaron hijos >16 años. El 28% de las encuestas se realizaron en fin de semana o por la noche. Las familias tenían un tiempo medio de residencia de 12,2 años. El 71,2% de los hijos >16 años tenían estudios secundarios finalizados. Los inmigrantes tenían una clase social más baja que los autóctonos (p16 years; and medical examinations were performed. Results: There were 115 participating families. Within the recruitment strategies, snow ball achieved 69% cooperation. The cooperation rate of the study was 57.5% and that of the clinical sub-sample was 66.6%. Cooperation rate of the Chinese families was 38.5% and Chinese children >16 years old were not recruited. Twenty-eight percent of the interviews were conducted at weekends or during the evening. Families had a mean of 12.2 years of residence. Seventy-one point two percent of the children >16 years had completed secondary studies. The migrants had lower social class than natives (p < 0.05) and the migrant women had lower levels of education (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Interacting frequently with the community, using different recruitment strategies simultaneously, incorporating researchers from the same geographical origin as participants, minimising language barriers and offering flexibility in conducting data collection facilitated the participation of the migrant families. The Chinese families presented greater difficulties. The study findings will facilitate the implementation of future cohort studies with similar characteristics.Este estudio ha sido financiado por el ISCIII, PI13/01962, cofinanciado por los Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), y por los fondos del Subprograma Inmigración y Salud de CIBERESP

PPARγ agonist-loaded PLGA-PEG nanocarriers as a potencial treatment for Alzheimer's disease: in vitro and in vivo studies.

Objective: The first aim of this study was to develop a nanocarrier that could transport the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ) across brain endothelium and examine the mechanism of nanoparticle transcytosis. The second aim was to determine whether these nanocarriers could successfully treat a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: PGZ-loaded nanoparticles (PGZ-NPs) were synthesized by the solvent displacement technique, following a factorial design using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG). The transport of the carriers was assessed in vitro, using a human brain endothelial cell line, cytotoxicity assays, fluorescence-tagged nanocarriers, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, confocal and transmission electron microscopy. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed in APP/PS1 mice in a behavioral assay and by measuring the cortical deposition of β-amyloid. Results: Incorporation of PGZ into the carriers promoted a 50x greater uptake into brain endothelium compared with the free drug and the carriers showed a delayed release profile of PGZ in vitro. In the doses used, the nanocarriers were not toxic for the endothelial cells, nor did they alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier model. Electron microscopy indicated that the nanocarriers were transported from the apical to the basal surface of the endothelium by vesicular transcytosis. An efficacy test carried out in APP/PS1 transgenic mice showed a reduction of memory deficit in mice chronically treated with PGZ-NPs. Deposition of β-amyloid in the cerebral cortex, measured by immunohistochemistry and image analysis, was correspondingly reduced. Conclusion: PLGA-PEG nanocarriers cross brain endothelium by transcytosis and can be loaded with a pharmaceutical agent to effectively treat a mouse model of AD

Vitamin C deficiency in critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit

COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia; Vitamin CCOVID-19; Neumonía por SARS-CoV-2; Vitamina CCOVID-19; Pneumònia per SARS-CoV-2; Vitamina CObjectives: To determine vitamin C plasma kinetics, through the measurement of vitamin C plasma concentrations, in critically ill Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, identifying eventually the onset of vitamin C deficiency. Design: Prospective, observational, single-center study. Setting: Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona. Study period from November 12th, 2020, to February 24th, 2021. Patients: Patients who had a severe hypoxemic acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 were included. Interventions: Plasma vitamin C concentrations were measured on days 1, 5, and 10 of ICU admission. There were no vitamin C enteral nor parenteral supplementation. The supportive treatment was performed following the standard of care or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. Measurement: Plasma vitamin C concentrations were analyzed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system with a photodiode array detector (wavelength set to 245 nm). We categorized plasmatic levels of vitamin C as follows: undetectable: 5 mg/L). Main results: Forty-three patients were included (65% men; mean age 62 ± 10 years). The median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 3 (1–4), and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health disease Classification System (APACHE II) score was 13 (10–22). Five patients had shock. Bacterial coinfection was documented in 7 patients (16%). Initially all patients required high-flow oxygen therapy, and 23 (53%) further needed invasive mechanical ventilation during 21 (± 10) days. The worst PaO2/FIO2 registered was 93 (± 29). ICU and hospital survival were 77 and 74%, respectively. Low or undetectable levels remained constant throughout the study period in the vast majority of patients. Conclusion: This observational study showed vitamin C plasma levels were undetectable on ICU admission in 86% of patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia requiring respiratory support. This finding remained consistent throughout the study period