ICT Policy and Perspectives of Human Development in Latin America: the Peruvian Experience

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has been considered as an important element for economic growth and social development. However, no consensus seems to exist about the proper roles and actual effects of information technology in dynamics of socioeconomic development. Many countries around the world have seen great opportunities in implementing initiatives that would increase the ICT adoption in different areas, especially in the government. Developed countries have exploited their ICT infrastructure for implementing success projects, while developing countries are launching their own ICT based initiatives hoping to achieve a considerable impact in the society in a relatively short term. The present research is oriented to study the implications of ICT policies for enhancing the quality of life in developing countries, especially in the Latin American countries. This paper reviews some important efforts in the deployment of ICT initiative in Peru. The contribution from a research perspective is to report on some key lessons learnt and propose a set of recommendations for future implementations in similar developing nations’ environments.Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has been considered as an important element for economic growth and social development. However, no consensus seems to exist about the proper roles and actual effects of information technology in dynamics of socioeconomic development. Many countries around the world have seen great opportunities in implementing initiatives that would increase the ICT adoption in different areas, especially in the government. Developed countries have exploited their ICT infrastructure for implementing success projects, while developing countries are launching their own ICT based initiatives hoping to achieve a considerable impact in the society in a relatively short term. The present research is oriented to study the implications of ICT policies for enhancing the quality of life in developing countries, especially in the Latin American countries. This paper reviews some important efforts in the deployment of ICT initiative in Peru. The contribution from a research perspective is to report on some key lessons learnt and propose a set of recommendations for future implementations in similar developing nations’ environments.Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has been considered as an important element for economic growth and social development. However, no consensus seems to exist about the proper roles and actual effects of information technology in dynamics of socioeconomic development. Many countries around the world have seen great opportunities in implementing initiatives that would increase the ICT adoption in different areas, especially in the government. Developed countries have exploited their ICT infrastructure for implementing success projects, while developing countries are launching their own ICT based initiatives hoping to achieve a considerable impact in the society in a relatively short term. The present research is oriented to study the implications of ICT policies for enhancing the quality of life in developing countries, especially in the Latin American countries. This paper reviews some important efforts in the deployment of ICT initiative in Peru. The contribution from a research perspective is to report on some key lessons learnt and propose a set of recommendations for future implementations in similar developing nations’ environments

Diseño de un programa de intervención para el desarrollo de la Inteligencia Emocional

El término Inteligencia Emocional (IE) fue propuesto en 1990 por Peter Salovey y John Mayer, a partir de sus estudios sobre el éxito académico de niños con bajo Cociente Intelectual. Más tarde, en 1997, estos autores darían una definición ampliamente aceptada en la actualidad: «La habilidad para percibir, evaluar y expresar con precisión las emociones, para acceder y/o generar sentimientos cuando estos facilitan el pensamiento, la capacidad para comprender las emociones, y la habilidad para regularlas » (Mayer y Salovey, 1997). En esta misma definición se basa el instrumento creado por los autores para evaluar el constructo, y que consta de ocho pruebas de habilidad que se corresponden con las cuatro ramas de la ie: percepción, facilitación, comprensión y gestión emocional. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo diseñar una intervención basada en el modelo presentado anteriormente. A tal efecto se idearon seis sesiones de contenidos prácticos que trabajaban cada una de las ramas que conforman la Inteligencia Emocional. El orden de las sesiones se determinó siguiendo el orden jerárquico entre estas cuatro ramas, empezando por las habilidades más básicas y terminando con las de mayor complejidad. La finalidad de todas estas sesiones es la de mejorar la IE de los responsables de distintas secciones de una empresa de Castellón dedicada a la venta de productos de bricolaje, con el fin de que se mejore indirectamente el bienestar de los trabajadores a su cargo y, en última instancia, la percepción de calidad del servicio por parte de los clientes de esta empresa.The construct «Emotional Intelligence» was suggested by Peter Salovey and John Mayer in 1990 as a result of their studies about the academic success of children with low Intelligence Quotient scores. Later, in 1997, these authors stand the definition that is currently accepted: «The ability to perceive accurately, appraise, and express emotion; the ability to access and/or generate feelings when they facilitate thought; the ability to understand emotion and emotional knowledge; and the ability to regulate emotions» (Mayer & Salovey, 1997). These authors also developed a survey to assess EI, which is composed by eight tests related to the four branches of Emotional Intelligence: perception, facilitation, understanding and regulation. The purpose of this study is to design an intervention based on the four branches model. Thus, we have planned six sessions with practical contents in order to work on these four abilities. Sessions are organized following the hierarchical order of the four branches model, starting with easiest abilities and ending with the more difficult ones. The aim of these six sessions is to improve the Emotional Intelligence of the leaders of a retail organization from Castellón. In this way, we predict it will indirectly improve subordinates well-being and, ultimately, users’ perception of the service quality

MEIT (Mobile Emotional Intelligence Test). A new methodology for assessing emotion perception using mobile devices

The evaluation of emotional perception inasmuch as a component of emotional intelligence has traditionally been carried out using ability tests. These tests assess the ability to perceive emotions expressed in pictures as well as video and/or audio files. They continue to possess, notwithstanding, certain limitations that restrict their ecological validity. The present study, following a review of the the main features of these existing instruments, analyzes a new assessment tool for emotional perception using mobile devices that mitigates some of these limi- tations. To do this, a mobile application was devel- oped using two platforms (iOS and Android) and was administered to 860 subjects from 4 countries (Spain, Germany, Colombia and the United States). The results of the reliability analysis of this new sur- vey method were satisfactory, opening the possibility for the use these devices to assess skills such as the ability to accurately perceive emotions.La percepción de emociones como componente de la inteligencia emocional se ha eva- luado tradicionalmente mediante pruebas de habilidad. Éstas evalúan la habilidad para percibir emo- ciones en imágenes fijas así como en vídeos y/o ar chivos de audio. No obstante, aún existen algunas limitaciones que condicionan su validez ecológica. El presente estudio, tras revisar las principales ca- racterísticas de estos instrumentos previos, pone a prueba un instrumento de evaluación de la percepción emocional mediante dispositivos móviles que mejora algunas de estas limitaciones. Para ello se ha desarrollado una aplicación en dos plataformas (iOS y Android) que se ha administrado a 860 par- ticipantes de 4 países (España, Alemania, Colombia y Estados Unidos). Los resultados de los análisis de fiabilidad de este nuevo método de evaluación han sido satisfactorios y abren la posibilidad al uso de estos dispositivos en el ámbito de la evaluación de habilidades como la percepción de emociones

Comparativa de perfiles metabólicos asociados a la hiperglucemia y su tratamiento en ratón

[ES] Para el estudio de las alteraciones producidas por la hiperglucemia, relacionadas con la diabetes mellitus, y en concreto la retinopatía diabética, se realiza un estudio comparativo de los perfiles metabólicos de las diferentes partes de ojo de ratón (mus musculus) utilizando la técnica de RMN. Se comparan los perfiles metabólicos asociados a ratones wild type y ratones knock -out para el gen Irs2, un receptor de insulina usando técnicas metabolómicas. Se comprueba que existen metabolitos con variaciones significativas entre las diferentes partes del ojo asi como entre las diferentes cepas, además de ofrecerse una aproximación a los diferentes pasos a seguir en un estudio de este tipo.[EN] To study changes caused by hyperglycemia, related to diabetes mellitus, and specifically, diabetic retinopathy, a comparative study of the metabolic profiles of different parts of eye mouse (mus musculus) using NMR is performed. The metabolic profiles associated with wild type mice and knock -out mice to Irs2 gene, an insulin receptor, were compared. It has been found that there are significant variations of metabolites between different parts of the eye as well as between the different strains, in addition to offer an approach to the different steps in a study of this kind.Cardona Ferrer, EE. (2018). Comparativa de perfiles metabólicos asociados a la hiperglucemia y su tratamiento en ratón. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/109203TFG

Ecotoxicity of, and remediation with, engineered inorganic nanoparticles in the environment

Financial support was provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino (Project Exp. 007/RN08/03.1).This article presents recent developments on the use of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) for environmental remediation in polluted soil, water and gas. The number of publications on these topics has grown exponentially in recent years, especially those focused on wastewater treatment. Among these topics, removal of metals has become the most popular, although some works relate to the use of nanomaterials for the elimination of nutrients (e.g., nitrogen and some persistent organic pollutants). However, this growth has not been accompanied by knowledge about the behavior of NPs once used and released into the environment. In this article, we also comment upon the current situation with respect to NP toxicology (nanotoxicology). A remarkable number of different toxicology tests has been applied to NPs, often making it very difficult to interpret or to generalize the results. We analyze in detail the bioluminescence, Daphnia magna and other tests, and give some preliminary results obtained in our work

ARQUITECTURA DE UN SISTEMA OPERATIVO WEB

RESUMEN La cantidad de sistemas, servicios y aplicaciones desarrolladas para la web han crecido considerablemente, en algunos casos el soporte, por parte de los sistemas operativos existentes, a cada uno de ellos, no es el esperado. Como alternativa de solución a esta necesidad, se plantea un modelo del sistema operativo denominado SOW, el cual soporta y maneja un conjunto de servicios en un contexto heterogéneo, dinámico y adaptativo, bajo el enfoque de reconfiguración de las aplicaciones, conformado por cuatro subsistemas que llevan a cabo una serie de funciones coordinadas que permiten un uso eficiente de los recursos sobre Internet, a pesar de sus características dinámicas y de heterogeneidad.   PALABRAS RELEVANTES ·      Sistema operativo·      Objetos web·      Sistema manejador de objetos web·      Sistema manejador de comunidades

Realización de cartografia de Costa Rica a escala 1:200.000 mediante técnicas de generalización.

A lo largo de este trabajo se recoge mi experiencia y participación en el proceso de generaliza-ción cartográfica de Costa Rica realizado en la empresa Seresco S.A. en el marco del convenio de prácticas curriculares entre la UniZar y dicha empresa. Tras una breve aproximación a la zona de estudio, describiendo la geografía y organización de Costa Rica, en estas páginas se habla del concepto teórico de la generalización cartográfica, los procesos que conlleva y su utilidad. Así mismo, una vez superados estos aspectos introductorios, se describe con detalle el software uti-lizado, del que se ha alternado constantemente su uso a lo largo del trabajo, así como la descrip-ción de las diferentes capas y los procesos y herramientas que han sido necesarias para su gene-ralización. Cada una de estas capas, alberga el total de elementos que aparecerán en la carto-grafía final y han presentado una serie de particularidades que han determinado la manera de trabajar con ellas. Cabe destacar también, el uso de técnicas de teledetección a la hora de sol-ventar problemas relacionados con la ausencia de información en ciertas zonas. En esta línea, se habla de la utilidad de la teledetección, así como del proceso seguido por la empresa en la com-pra y utilización de imágenes satélite. En definitiva, en este documento se recoge la información de dos meses de trabajo diario que muestra todo el proceso de conversión de una cartografía escala 1.25.000 a escala 1.200.000 desde el comienzo hasta el final

ARQUITECTURA DE UN SISTEMA OPERATIVO WEB

RESUMEN La cantidad de sistemas, servicios y aplicaciones desarrolladas para la web han crecido considerablemente, en algunos casos el soporte, por parte de los sistemas operativos existentes, a cada uno de ellos, no es el esperado. Como alternativa de solución a esta necesidad, se plantea un modelo del sistema operativo denominado SOW, el cual soporta y maneja un conjunto de servicios en un contexto heterogéneo, dinámico y adaptativo, bajo el enfoque de reconfiguración de las aplicaciones, conformado por cuatro subsistemas que llevan a cabo una serie de funciones coordinadas que permiten un uso eficiente de los recursos sobre Internet, a pesar de sus características dinámicas y de heterogeneidad.   PALABRAS RELEVANTES ·      Sistema operativo·      Objetos web·      Sistema manejador de objetos web·      Sistema manejador de comunidades

Preliminary study of phosphate adsorption onto cerium oxide nanoparticles for use in water purification : nanoparticles synthesis and characterization

In this study, the synthesis and characterization of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂-NPs) and their adsorption potential for removing phosphate from water was evaluated using a multi-factor experimental design to explore the effect of various factors on adsorption. The objective function selected was the percentage of phosphate removed from water, in which the phosphate concentration and the CeO₂-NP concentration are quantitative variables (factors in the experimental design). A lineal polynomial fitted the experimental results well (R² = 0.9803). The nanostructure was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM techniques before and after the adsorption process. During the adsorption and desorption processes several changes in the morphology and surface chemistry of the CeO₂-NPs were observed

Use of CeO₂, TiO₂ and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles for the removal of lead from water : toxicity of nanoparticles and derived compounds

Financial support was provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino (Project Exp. 007/RN08/03.1). Sonia Recillas thanks Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona for the award of a post-doctoral fellowship.Nanoparticles (NPs) suspensions of CeO₂, Fe₃O₄ and TiO₂ were synthesized and tested for lead removal in water cleaning processes. The results obtained are promising for the use of these NPs in lead elimination via adsorption process. The adsorption capacity obtained for the NPs was: 189 mg Pb/g NPs CeO₂, 83 mg Pb/g NPs Fe3O4 and 159 mg Pb/g NPs TiO₂. Another important issue assessed in this study was to determine the toxicity of the NPs in each step of the process: synthesized NPs, NPs after lead adsorption and the supernatant after NPs separation. In order to study the interaction with living organisms and prevent future environmental damages, the Germination test in Tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum), Lettuce (Lactuca sativa), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seeds and the Microtox® assay, based on the use of bioluminescent marine bacterium, Photobacterium phosphoreum/Vibrio fischeri, were used to evaluate the toxicity of these materials. The CeO₂ NPs showed a high level of lead removal although presented a high phytotoxicity. The TiO₂ NPs inhibited the lead toxicity against the marine bacterium. Interestingly, the media used to stabilize the NPs (tetramethylammonium hydroxide and hexamethylenetetramine) presented a significant reduction in the germination index. TiO₂ and Fe₃O₄ NPs did not exhibit any toxicity and could be used as absorbents for Pb (II) removal