Current knowledge and future prospects of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus)-rhizobia symbiosis

Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) is an important species of the genus Phaseolus for human consumption in tropical regions. The seeds are important source of protein for people from South America, Africa and Mexico. In addition, as a legume plant, lima bean presents the ability to perform the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) through the symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The studies about diversity and efficiency of lima bean-rhizobia symbiosis have increased worldwide, mainly in Latin America. These studies have shown Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium as the main symbionts, although Sinorhizobium, Mesorhizobium and Allorhizobium have been found associated with lima bean. Also, there is a large variation in the efficiency of N fixation by the current isolates of rhizobia and some rhizobia have presented high capability for fixing N. This review aims to explore the studies about diversity and efficiency of rhizobia in symbiosis with lima bean.Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) is an important species of the genus Phaseolus for human consumption in tropical regions. The seeds are important source of protein for people from South America, Africa and Mexico. In addition, as a legume plant, lima bean presents the ability to perform the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) through the symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The studies about diversity and efficiency of lima bean-rhizobia symbiosis have increased worldwide, mainly in Latin America. These studies have shown Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium as the main symbionts, although Sinorhizobium, Mesorhizobium and Allorhizobium have been found associated with lima bean. Also, there is a large variation in the efficiency of N fixation by the current isolates of rhizobia and some rhizobia have presented high capability for fixing N. This review aims to explore the studies about diversity and efficiency of rhizobia in symbiosis with lima bean

Adubação potássica na qualidade de frutos de pessegueiro

For peach trees produced in southern Brazil, information about the influence of potassium fertilization on fruit quality remains scarce. This study set out to determine the physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds of peaches treated with different doses of potassium applied to the soil for three consecutive crop years. The experiment examined the Sensação cultivar in a commercial orchard in the municipality of Morro Redondo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during the 2016, 2017, and 2018 crop years. Peach trees of the Sensação cultivar were fertilized with potassium (K); doses of 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha-1 of K2O in the form of potassium chloride were applied to the soil surface. After harvest, an assessment was made of the soluble solids (SS) content, titratable acid (TA) content, SS/TA ratio, pH levels, flesh color, skin and flesh firmness, total carotenoid content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. The peaches’ skin firmness, SS/TA ratio, and concentration of carotenoids responded to potassium fertilization, but only in some production cycles. Their color, flesh firmness, soluble solids, juice pH levels, total phenols, and antioxidant activity did not change with the application of potassium in the soil.Para pessegueiros produzidos na região sul do Brasil ainda são escassas as informações sobre a influência da adubação potássica sobre a qualidade dos frutos. Deste modo, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os atributos físico-químicos e compostos bioativos dos frutos de pessegueiros submetidos a diferentes doses de potássio aplicadas no solo por três safras consecutivas. O experimento foi realizado estudando a cultivar Sensação em um pomar comercial no município de Morro Redondo, RS – Brasil, durante as safras de 2016, 2017 e 2018. Os pessegueiros da cultivar Sensação foram adubados com potássio (K) nas doses de 0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1 de K2O na forma de cloreto de potássio, aplicadas na superfície do solo. Após a colheita foram determinados os teores de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação SS/AT, pH, coloração da polpa, firmeza da epiderme e da polpa, teor de carotenoides totais, compostos fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante. A firmeza da epiderme, a relação SS/AT e a concentração de carotenoides dos pêssegos responderam à adubação potássica, mas apenas em alguns ciclos de produção. Os parâmetros de coloração, firmeza da polpa, sólidos solúveis, pH do suco, fenóis totais e atividade antioxidante dos pêssegos não alteraram em decorrência da aplicação de potássio ao solo

Recommendations For The Treatment Of Migraine Attacks - A Brazilian Consensus

In this article, a group of experts in headache management of the Brazilian Headache Society developed through a consensus strategic measurements to treat a migraine attack in both the child and the adult. Particular emphasis was laid on the treatment of migraine in women, including at pregnancy, lactation and perimenstrual period.74326227

Isolation and Characterization of Plant Growth-Promotion Diazotrophic Endophytic Bacteria Associated to Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Grown in Paraíba, Brazil

Sugarcane is an important Brazilian commodity, being usually cultivated in soils with low natural fertility. This study aimed to isolate diazotrophic endophytes from sugarcane tissues and evaluate the morphological and physiological characteristics of their colonies as well as their plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits in select diazotrophic endophytic bacteria. Fifty-six bacterial isolates were identified in the sugarcane tissues, and these isolates presented distinct morphological and physiological traits. A total of thirty-five bacterial isolates were biochemically evaluated. Overall, Bacillus was the dominant genus. Isolates of Methylobacterium spp. and Brevibacillus agri were present only in leaves, while Herbaspirillum seropedicae occurred only in stems. Except to IPA-CF45A, all isolates were nitrogenase positive. All endophytes exhibit production of indol 3-acetic acid. Over 50% of endophytes solubilize phosphate, release N-acyl homoserine lactones, and present the activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, catalase, lipase and protease. The network analysis showed that isolates belonged to Burkholderia, Herbaspirillum, and Methylobacterium interact with Bacillus. Bacterial endophytes exhibited distinct morphological, physiological, and PGP traits that are useful for sustainable agriculture, highlighting the isolates IPA-CC33, IPA-CF65, IPA-CC9 and IPA-CF27. Further studies on the effects of these diazotrophic endophytes and their potential for providing microbial inoculants for improving sugarcane fields will provide valuable information to maintain the sustainability and environment quality.National Council for Scientific and Technological Development 426655/2018-

ALTERNATIVAS DE FORMULAÇÕES INÉDITAS DE PROTETORES SOLARES NATURAIS: EXTRATO DAS SEMENTES DE MORINGA OLEÍFERA COM EXTRATOS ETANÓLICOS DE PRÓPOLIS.

Repeated or intense exposure to UV (ultraviolet) radiation causes skin changes by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are harmful to tissues, causing burns, spots, erythema, photoaging and DNA mutations. The use of sunscreens is a means of preventing or reducing the effects of these exposures, as they have the ability to reflect and/or absorb them. Protectors can be of synthetic or natural origin. The development of actives capable of increasing the efficiency of sunscreens, especially those of plant origin, represents a growing demand in cosmetology. Moringa oleifera is a plant with varied pharmacological applications, it has a fast growth in tropical countries, and it is present in the Brazilian northeast and north of the state of Minas Gerais. Based on this, this study aims to evaluate the use of raw materials of natural origin as photoprotective agents, looking for trends in the consumer market. For this, novel formulations of dichloromethane extract of Moringa oleífera seeds, in association with different ethanolic extracts of propolis, were studied in relation to the photoprotective capacity. Regarding the propolis extracts (green, red and brown) 70% ethanolic were used. The photoprotective activity was studied in vitro. The results showed significant increases in FPS for the formulations. The high increase in sun protection was verified in green propolis, justified by the greater amount of flavonoids it presents. We concluded that the propolis extracts incorporated in the formulations with dichloromethane extract in the Moringa oleifera seeds showed a synergism in the intensification of the sun protection factor.La exposición repetida o intensa a la radiación UV (ultravioleta) provoca cambios en la piel debido a la generación de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS), las cuales son dañinas para los tejidos, provocando quemaduras, manchas, eritema, fotoenvejecimiento y mutaciones en el ADN. El uso de protectores solares es un medio para prevenir o reducir los efectos de estas exposiciones, ya que tienen la capacidad de reflejarlos y/o absorberlos. Los protectores pueden ser de origen sintético o natural. El desarrollo de activos capaces de aumentar la eficacia de los fotoprotectores, especialmente los de origen vegetal, representa una demanda creciente en cosmetología. Moringa oleifera es una planta con variadas aplicaciones farmacológicas, presenta un rápido crecimiento en los países tropicales y está presente en el noreste brasileño y norte del estado de Minas Gerais. En base a esto, este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el uso de materias primas de origen natural como agentes fotoprotectores, buscando tendencias en el mercado de consumo. Para ello, se estudiaron formulaciones inéditas de extracto de diclorometano de semillas de Moringa oleifera, en asociación con diferentes extractos etanólicos de propóleo, en relación a su capacidad fotoprotectora. En cuanto a los extractos de propóleos (verde, rojo y pardo) se utilizaron etanólicos al 70%. La actividad fotoprotectora se estudió in vitro. Los resultados mostraron aumentos significativos de SPF para las formulaciones. En el propóleo verde se verificó el alto incremento de la protección solar, justificado por la mayor cantidad de flavonoides que presenta. Concluimos que los extractos de propóleo incorporados en las formulaciones con extracto de diclorometano en semillas de Moringa oleifera mostraron un sinergismo en la intensificación del factor de protección solar.Exposições repetidas ou intensas a radiações UV (ultravioleta) causam alterações cutâneas pela geração das espécies reativas do oxigênio (EROs), danosas aos tecidos, causando queimaduras, manchas, eritemas, fotoenvelhecimento e mutações no DNA. O uso de protetores solares é um meio de prevenir ou reduzir os efeitos destas exposições, por terem a capacidade de refletir e/ou absorvé-las. Os protetores podem ser de origem sintética ou natural. O desenvolvimento de ativos, capazes de aumentar à eficiência de protetores solares, principalmente os de origem vegetal, representa uma demanda crescente da cosmetologia. Moringa oleifera é uma planta com variadas aplicações farmacológicas, apresenta um rápido crescimento nos países tropicais, e está presente no nordeste brasileiro e norte do estado de Minas Gerais. Com base nisso, esse estudo visa avaliar a utilização de matérias primas de origem natural como agentes fotoprotetores, buscando as tendências do mercado consumidor. Para isso, formulações inéditas de extrato diclorometano de sementes de Moringa oleífera, em associação com diferentes extratos etanólicos de própolis, foram estudadas em relação à capacidade fotoprotetora. Em relação aos extratos de própolis (verde, vermelha e marrom) foram usados os etanólicos 70%. A atividade fotoprotetora foi estudada in vitro. Os resultados mostraram aumentos significativos de FPS para as formulações. O incremento elevado na proteção solar foi verificado na própolis verde, justificado pela maior quantidade de flavonóides que ela apresenta. Concluímos que os extratos de própolis incorporados nas formulações com extrato de diclorometano nas sementes Moringa oleifera apresentaram um sinergismo na intensificação do fator de proteção solar

Soroprevalência de anticorpos do vírus SARS-CoV-2 em escolares no município de São Paulo, 2020

OBJECTIVE: To estimate seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in schoolchildren aged 4 to 14 years living in the city of São Paulo, according to clinical, demographic, epidemiological, and social variables, during the school closure period as a measure against covid-19 spread. METHODS: A serological survey was made in September 2020 with a random sample stratified by school system (municipal public, state public and private) type. A venous blood sample was collected using the Wondfo SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Test (lateral flow method) for detection of total SARS-CoV-2 virus antibodies. Semi-structured questionnaires were applied to collect clinical, demographic, social, and epidemiological data. RESULTS: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in schoolchildren was of 16.6% (95%CI 15.4–17.8). The study found higher seroprevalence in the municipal (18.5%; 95%CI 16.6–20.6) and state (16.2%; 95%CI 14.4–18.2) public school systems compared to the private school system (11.7; 95%CI 10.0–13.7), among black and brown students (18.4%; 95%CI 16.8–20.2) and in the most vulnerable social stratum (18.5 %;95%CI 16.9–20.2). Lower seroprevalence was identified in schoolchildren who reported following the recommended protective measures against covid-19. CONCLUSION: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is found mainly in the most socially vulnerable schoolchildren. This study can contribute to support public policies that reinforce the importance of suspending face-to-face classes and developing strategies aimed at protective measures and monitoring of the serological status of those who have not yet been included in the vaccination schedule.OBJETIVO: Estimar a soroprevalência de anticorpos do vírus SARS-CoV-2 em escolares de quatro a 14 anos de idade residentes no município de São Paulo, segundo variáveis clínicas, demográficas, epidemiológicas e sociais, durante o período de fechamento das escolas como medida de controle da covid-19. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um inquérito sorológico em setembro de 2020 com amostra aleatória estratificada por tipo de rede de ensino (pública municipal, pública estadual e privada). Foi coletada amostra de sangue venoso utilizando-se o teste de imunoensaio de fluxo lateral da fabricante Wondfo para detecção de anticorpos totais contra o vírus SARS-CoV-2. Aplicaram-se questionários semiestruturados para o levantamento de dados clínicos, demográficos, sociais e epidemiológicos. RESULTADOS: A soroprevalência de anticorpos do vírus SARS-CoV-2 em escolares foi de 16,6% (IC95% 15,4–17,8). O estudo encontrou soroprevalências mais elevadas na rede pública municipal (18,5%; IC95% 16,6–20,6) e estadual (16,2%; IC95% 14,4–18,2) em relação à rede privada (11,7; IC95% 10,0–13,7) e entre escolares da raça/cor preta e parda (18,4%; IC95% 16,8–20,2) e no estrato social mais vulnerável (18,5%; IC95% 16,9–20,2). A pesquisa identificou menores soroprevalências nos escolares que relataram seguir as medidas recomendadas de proteção contra a covid-19. CONCLUSÃO: A soroprevalência de anticorpos contra o vírus SARS-CoV-2 atinge principalmente os escolares socialmente mais vulneráveis. Este estudo pode contribuir para embasar políticas públicas que reforcem a importância da suspensão das aulas presenciais e da necessidade de estratégias de medidas de proteção e acompanhamento do status sorológico daqueles que ainda não foram contemplados no calendário vacinal

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Human xanthine oxidase recombinant in E. coli: a whole cell catalyst for preparative drug metabolites synthesis

Human xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which is responsible for the final steps of the purine metabolism pathway and involved in oxidative drug metabolism, was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) Gold. Recombinant human (rh) XOR yielded higher productivity with the gene sequence optimized for expression in E.coli than with the native gene sequence. Induction of XOR expression with lactose or IPTG resulted in complete loss of activity whereas shake flasks cultures using media rather poor in nutrients resulted in functional XOR expression in the stationary phase. LB medium was used for a 25 L fermentation in fed-batch mode, which led to a 5 fold increase of the enzyme yield when compared to production in shake flasks. Quinazoline was used as a substrate on the semi-preparative scale using an optimized whole cell biotransformation protocol, yielding 73 mg of the isolated product, 4-quinazolinone, from 100 mg of starting material

Hepatite Autoimune sobreposta de Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune: um relato de caso

A Hepatite Autoimune é uma doença hepática crônica, com potencial de evolução para cirrose, caso não diagnosticada e tratada. Acomete principalmente mulheres jovens, caracterizada por hipergamaglobulinemia e autoanticorpos circulantes, com boa resposta à imunossupressão. Já Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune&nbsp; é uma condição hematológica em que se observa queda dos valores de hemoglobina, aumento nos níveis de reticulócitos, de desidrogenase láctica, de bilirrubina total - às custas da fração indireta - e redução da concentração dos níveis de&nbsp; haptoglobina. No presente artigo, apresentamos o caso de uma mulher de 26 anos com Hepatite autoimune associada de Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune que deu entrada em um Hospital de São Bernardo do Campo (São Paulo, Brasil) com fadiga, icterícia,dor abdominal difusa e dispepsia

Inequalities in dental services utilization among Brazilian low-income children: the role of individual determinants

Objectives: To assess the role of the individual determinants on the inequalities of dental services utilization among low-income children living in the working area of Brazilian`s federal Primary Health Care program, which is called Family Health Program (FHP), in a big city in Southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was performed. The sample included 350 children, ages 0 to 14 years, whose parents answered a questionnaire about their socioeconomic conditions, perceived needs, oral hygiene habits, and access to dental services. The data analysis was performed according to a conceptual framework based on Andersen`s behavioral model of health services use. Multivariate models of logistic regression analysis instructed the hypothesis on covariates for never having had a dental visit. Results: Thirty one percent of the surveyed children had never had a dental visit. In the bivariate analysis, higher proportion of children who had never had a dental visit was found among the very young, those with inadequate oral hygiene habits, those without perceived need of dental care, and those whose family homes were under absent ownership. The mechanisms of social support showed to be important enabling factors: children attending schools/kindergartens and being regularly monitored by the FHP teams had higher odds of having gone to the dentist, even after adjusting for socioeconomic, demographic, and need variables. Conclusions: The conceptual framework has confirmed the presence of social and psychosocial inequalities on the utilization pattern of dental services for low-income children. The individual determinants seem to be important predictors of access.Brazilian Council for Improvement of Research[CNPq409792/2006-3