Media, cloning, and bioethics

Para este artigo, foram analisadas trezentas matérias extraídas dos principais jornais da mídia impressa brasileira sobre o tema da clonagem, em um período de dezoito meses, a contar do anúncio de Dolly, feito em fevereiro de 1997. A análise do material teve dois grandes objetivos: mapear os constantes morais a que a possibilidade da clonagem de seres humanos esteve associada e identificar alguns dos pressupostos morais da pesquisa científica com animais nãohumanos e que foram reproduzidos irrefletidamente pela mídia. Além do reconhecimento de que houve antes uma difusão irrefletida do medo da clonagem em seres humanos que mesmo um debate ético frente à questão, a conclusão a que os autores chegaram com este estudo foi que há um sério descompasso entre as reflexões bioéticas e a mídia brasileira

Introduction to Bioethics II

Apresenta artigo onde os autores discutem o conceito de Bioética o relacionado com fatos históricos como a vacinação obrigatória no Brasil para contextualizar outros assuntos abordados pela Bioética, como aborto ou a eutanásia

Declaração de Helsinki : uma história de dignidade

Apresenta artigo que analisa a Declaração de Helsinki, um documento que é a referência ética mais importante para a regulamentação de pesquisas médicas envolvendo seres humanos e representou a tradução e a incorporação, pelas entidades médicas de todo o mundo, dos preceitos éticos instituídos pelo Código de Nuremberg, definindo a base ética mínima necessária às pesquisas e testes médicos com seres humanos

Introduction to Bioethics

Apresenta artigo onde os autores discutem e analisam as principais abordagens relacionadas à bioética: a abordagem historicista, abordagem filosófica e abordagem temática

Formação, ensino e pesquisa: percepções sobre a docência e a pesquisa no âmbito do ProfHistória

This paper discusses the relation between teaching and research with basic education History teachers in continual teaching education. It aims to point out how the relation between education, teaching and research is transversal to the teaching processes on higher education as well on basic education. The paper presents the research scenery – the Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de História – ProfHistória course (Universidade do Estado da Bahia – UNEB center) and details the research’s context in which this text is based. The scope of this paper is defined based on bibliographical dialogues with authors who discuss the teaching-researching relation, qualitative methodologies, and case studies. The research started in the 2020.1 semester with the newly joined class of ProfHistória – UNEB. It aims to know: how does the class reflect upon the formation, teaching, and research relation? Upon interpreting the research findings, data points to the hurdles teachers face through their professional careers, which raises questions about their own formation. Out concluding remarks take up the question asked at the beginning of the introduction of the text, about how does the class reflect upon the formation, teaching, and research relation, aiming to a teaching practice more involved with the current challenges of basic education. Keywords: teaching practices; teacher training; ProfHistória.O presente artigo discute a relação ensino e pesquisa com professores de História da educação básica em processo de formação continuada pela qualificação da sua docência. Busca-se apontar como a relação formação-ensino-pesquisa pode atravessar os processos e as relações no ensino superior. O texto apresenta o cenário da pesquisa, a saber, o Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de História – ProfHistória (polo Universidade do Estado da Bahia – UNEB), bem como detalha o contexto da investigação que dá lastro a este texto. A partir de diálogo bibliográfico com autores e autoras que discutem a relação entre ensino e pesquisa, metodologias qualitativas e estudos de caso, delimitamos o escopo deste trabalho. A pesquisa iniciou-se no semestre de 2020.1, com a turma que acabara de ingressar no ProfHistória-UNEB. Interessa saber: como o grupo vive a relação formação, ensino e pesquisa? Na interpretação dos achados da pesquisa, os dados apontam para os desafios enfrentados pelos docentes na constituição da sua trajetória profissional, o que levanta a discussão acerca da sua própria formação. As considerações finais retomam a questão posta na introdução deste texto: como o grupo pensa a relação formação, ensino e pesquisa em direção a uma prática docente mais implicada com os atuais desafios da realidade da educação básica. Palavras-chave: prática de ensino; formação docente; ProfHistória

Periodontal disease, peri-implant disease and levels of salivary biomarkers IL-1β, IL-10, RANK, OPG, MMP-2, TGF-β and TNF-α: follow-up over 5 years

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of salivary biomarkers IL-1β, IL-10, RANK, OPG, MMP-2, TG-β and TNF-α in individuals with diagnosis of peri-implant mucositis in the absence or presence of periodontal and peri-implant maintenance therapy (TMPP) over 5 years. Material and Methods: Eighty individuals diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis were divided into two groups: one group that underwent periodontal and peri-implant regularly maintenance therapy, called GTP (n=39), and a second group that received no regular maintenance GNTP (n=41). Each participant underwent a complete periodontal and peri-implant clinical examination. Collection of saliva samples and radiographic examination to evaluate peri-implant bone levels were conducted at two times: initial examination (T1) and after 5 years (T2). The salivary samples were evaluated through ELISA for the following markers: IL-1β, IL-10, RANK, OPG, MMP-2, TGF and TNF-α. Results: A higher incidence of peri-implantitis was observed in the GNTP group (43.9%) than in the GTP group (18%) (p=0.000). All individuals (n=12) who presented peri-implant mucositis and had resolution at T2 were in the GTP group. After 5 years, there was an increase in the incidence of periodontitis in the GNTP group compared to the GTP group (p=0.001). The results of the study revealed an increase in the salivary concentration of TNF-α in the GNTP group compared to the GTP group. The other salivary biomarkers that were evaluated did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: The salivary concentration of TNF-α was increased in individuals with worse periodontal and peri-implant clinical condition and in those with a higher incidence of peri-implantitis, especially in the GNTP group. Longitudinal studies in larger populations are needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the role of this biomarker in peri-implant disease

Immediate changes in electroencephalography activity in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain after cranial osteopathic manipulative treatment : study protocol of a randomized, controlled crossover trial

Background: Osteopathic medicine is based on a diagnostic and therapeutic system to treat tissue mobility/ motility dysfunctions in general, using different approaches (depending on the target tissue) known as osteopathic manipulative treatment. Among the available techniques those ones addressed to the cranial field are the most questioned because of the lack of scientific evidence; but the compression of the 4th ventricle technique has been largely studied in clinical trials. Studies have shown that the technique may affect both central and autonomous nervous system, modulating some reflexes (Traube-Hering baro signal), and modifying brain cortex electrical activity through central sensitization in subjects with chronic low back pain. Thus, investigators hypothesize that the compression of the 4th ventricle may modulate peak alpha frequency (eletroencephalographic assessment) and promote physical relaxation in subjects in vigil. Methods/Design: A randomized, controlled crossover trial with blinded assessor was designed to test the hypothesis. A total of 81 participants will be assigned to three treatment conditions, with seven days of washout: (I) compression of the 4th ventricle; (II) sham compression of the fourth ventricle; (III) control (no intervention). The (I) power amplitude and the (II) frequencies of the dominant peak in the alpha band will be the primary outcome measures of the study. All participants will be recruited at the Outpatient Rehabilitation Service of the University Hospital of Brasília – University of Brasília. All the electroencephalographic exams will be conducted by a blinded assessor. Discussion: The investigators hypothesize that patients with chronic low back pain submitted to the technique would have the peak alpha frequency modulated and, thus, would experience physical relaxation

Bloodstream infection by candida in patients with hematologic neoplasia: polyphasic taxonomy and antifungal susceptibility / Infecção sanguínea por candida em pacientes com neoplasia hematológica: taxonomia polifásica e suscetibilidade antifúngica

Bloodstream infection (BSI) by species of Candida has been identified as an important cause of death in patients with neutropenia who undergo chemotherapy for the treatment of hematologic malignancies This study aimed to verify the occurrence of bloodstream infections by Candida species in patients admitted to the haematology-oncology service of a public hospital specialized in the treatment of cancer in Northeast Brazil.  A total of 105 clinical samples from 62 patients with haematological malignancies were analyzed at the Laboratory of Medical Mycology at the Federal University of Pernambuco. Only 7 of 105 individuals were in the ICU environment. The mycological diagnosis was performed through automation (BACTEC 9120 / PHOENIX™), proteomic identification (MALDI-TOF MS) and molecular analysis (PCR). The antifungal susceptibility test followed the bloodstream infection recommendations of Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute. Among the samples studied, nine strains (8,57%) were of the genus Candida, being six C. tropicalis and three C. albicans. The isolates were completely susceptible to the antifungal agents tested. Deaths occurred in 66,6% of the cases. Patients with hematologic malignancies hospitalized in intensive care and the state of septic shock present a higher risk of occurrence of BSI by Candida and death by this opportunistic pathogen