Preliminary study on the effect of fermented cheese whey on Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Goldcoast populations inoculated onto fresh organic lettuce

Cheese whey fermented by an industrial starter consortium of lactic acid bacteria was evaluated for its antibacterial capacity to control a selection of pathogenic bacteria. For their relevance on outbreak reports related to vegetable consumption, this selection included Listeria monocytogenes, serotype 4b, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Goldcoast. Organically grown lettuce was inoculated with an inoculum level of *107 colonyforming unit (CFU)/mL and was left for about 1 h in a safety cabinet before washing with a perceptual solution of 75:25 (v/v) fermented whey in water, for 1 and 10 min. Cells of pathogens recovered were then counted and their number compared with that obtained for a similar treatment, but using a chlorine solution at 110 ppm. Results show that both treatments, either with chlorine or fermented whey, were able to significantly reduce ( p < 0.05) the number of bacteria, in a range of 1.15–2.00 and 1.59–2.34 CFU/g, respectively, regarding the bacteria tested. Results suggest that the use of fermented whey may be as effective as the solution of chlorine used in industrial processes in reducing the pathogens under study (best efficacy shown for Salmonella), with the advantage of avoiding health risks arising from the formation of carcinogenic toxic chlorine derinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Standardization and optimization of an automotive components production line

Supported by the concepts and definitions of Standard Work methodology, which underpins Lean Thinking philosophy and Kaizen, the study described in this article was developed at a company in the automotive sector, more specifically directed at a production line manufacturing components for air-conditioning systems. The main objectives were to standardize operations, decrease or eliminate the number of activities those are not generating added-value, enhance productivity and associate continuous improvement actions to the processes at hand in order to eliminate waste. After the implementation of a few simple changes - the standardization of operations, adjustments and allocations of workstations – one was able to tailor the production objectives and cycle times to the line’s capacity. The productivity and efficiency of both machines and workers was also increased. Due to the elimination of waste and generation of value, from the customer’s perspective, one was able to raise the OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) general average by 16%, from 70% to 86%.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Implementing autonomous maintenance in an automotive components manufacturer

The automotive sector constitutes one of the most demanding activities in the global market, since it requires a constant increase in productivity, both in the automobile industry as well as in the companies whose manufacture its components. This sector is currently set within an economic framework where there is a relentless search for costs reduction and an increase in productivity with minimal investment. In order to meet these requirements, companies have sought to optimise their products and processes to ensure higher profits. This study was developed with the purpose of enhancing procedures in the maintenance sector regarding a company which supplies air-conditioning tubes to the automotive sector. The main objective was to increase its machines and equipment availability through the implementation of autonomous maintenance. Due to the undertaken improvements, there was a 10% increase in the monthly indicator of equipment availability on line AA3 at the company where the study was carried out. This, in turn, resulted in an increase of 8% in OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) during the same time period, which was chiefly due to a reduction both in machine breakdown rates, as well as in the MTTR (Mean Time To Repair) on the same line.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Heterologous Expression of Immature Forms of Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide in Yeast Triggers Intracellular Aggregation and Cytotoxicity

Funding: iNOVA4Health – UID/Multi/04462/2019, a program financially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia/Ministério da Educação e Ciência, through national funds and co-funded by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement is acknowledged. Funding from INTERFACE Programme, through the Innovation, Technology and Circular Economy Fund (FITEC), is gratefully acknowledged. This study was also supported by FCT via PTDC/BIA-MOL31104/2017, UID/Multi/04462/2013- SubProj iNOVA4Health 44, and UID/Multi/04462/2019-SubProj iNOVA4Health C44 to RM, PD/BD/135504/2018 to AR. Sociedade Portuguesa de Diabetologia for the Nuno CasteloBranco Prize – 2016 attributed to RM is also acknowledged.Diabetes is a major public health issue that has attained alarming levels worldwide. Pancreatic aggregates of human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) represent a major histopathological hallmark of type 2 diabetes. IAPP is expressed in β-cells as pre-pro-IAPP (ppIAPP) that is first processed to pro-IAPP (pIAPP) and finally to its mature form (matIAPP), being released upon glucose stimulation together with insulin. Impairment and overload of the IAPP processing machinery seem to be associated with the accumulation of immature IAPP species and the formation of toxic intracellular oligomers, which have been associated with β-cell dyshomeostasis and apoptosis. Nevertheless, the pathological importance of these immature IAPP forms for the assembly and cytotoxicity of these oligomers is not completely understood. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of unprecedented Saccharomyces cerevisiae models recapitulating IAPP intracellular oligomerization. Expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions of human ppIAPP, pIAPP, and matIAPP proved to be toxic in yeast cells at different extents, with ppIAPP exerting the most deleterious effect on yeast growth and cell viability. Although expression of all IAPP constructs induced the formation of intracellular aggregates in yeast cells, our data point out the accumulation of insoluble oligomeric species enriched in immature ppIAPP as the trigger of the high toxicity mediated by this construct in cells expressing ppIAPP-GFP. In addition, MS/MS analysis indicated that oligomeric species found in the ppIAPP-GFP lysates contain the N-terminal sequence of the propeptide fused to GFP. These models represent powerful tools for future research focused on the relevance of immature forms in IAPP-induced toxicity. Furthermore, they are extremely useful in high-throughput screenings for genetic and chemical modulators of IAPP aggregation.publishersversionpublishe

Avaliação da sensibilidade in vitro à quinidina em isolados brasileiros de Plasmodium falciparum: análise comparativa à quinina e à cloroquina

Malária falciparum representa grave e crescente problema de saúde pública mundial, dada a resistência do parasito à maioria dos fármacos disponíveis. Em algumas áreas endêmicas, a quinidina, diastereoisômero do antimalárico quinina, vem sendo empregada em substituição a este último. Com o objetivo de avaliar o emprego da quinidina como alternativa à perda crescente de sensibilidade de cepas brasileiras de P. falciparum à quinina, como o observado na região Amazônica, realizamos ensaio comparativo entre quinidina, quinina e cloroquina. A técnica in vitro do microteste de sensibilidade foi utilizada. Todos os isolados mostraram-se altamente resistentes à cloroquina. Resistência à quinina não foi observada, embora altos valores de CMI (concentração mínima inibitória) tenham sido encontrados. Estes resultados corroboram o decréscimo de suscetibilidade de cepas brasileiras à quinina. Observou-se variação de IC50 de 0,053 a 4,577 mimol/L de sangue para a quinidina, enquanto para a quinina estimou-se IC50 de 0,053 a 8,132 mimol/L de sangue. Ademais, observou-se clareamento da parasitemia em concentrações inferiores à da quinidina quando empregada como fármaco antiarrítmico, confirmando estudo anterior por nós realizado. Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados em isolado oriundo da África.Falciparum malaria represents a serious and an increasing world public health problem due to the acquired parasite's resistance to the most available drugs. In some endemic areas, quinidine, a diastereoisomer of the antimalarial quinine, has been employed for replacing the latter. In order to evaluate the use of quinidine as an alternative to the increasing loss of quinine effectiveness in Brazilian P. falciparum strains, as has been observed in the Amazon area, we have assayed quinidine, quinine and chloroquine. The in vitro microtechnique was employed. All isolates showed to be highly resistant to chloroquine. Resistance to quinine was not noted although high MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) values have been observed. These data corroborate the decreasing sensitivity to quinine in strains from Brazil. Quinidine showed IC50 from 0.053 to 4.577 mumol/L of blood while IC50 from 0.053 to 8.132 mumol/L of blood was estimated for quinine. Moreover, clearance of the parasitemia was observed in concentrations lower than that used for quinidine in antiarrhythmic therapy, confirming our previous data. The results were similar to African isolate

Effect of Gender, Energetics, and Biomechanics on Swimming Masters Performance

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of gender and energetics on biomechanics and performance of masters swimmers over 1 season. Twenty-five masters swimmers (14 male and 11 female) were assessed 3 times (TP1, TP2, and TP3) during a season (male personal record in 200-m freestyle event: 173.00 ± 31.41 seconds: female personal record in 200-m freestyle event: 200.73 ± 25.02 seconds). An incremental 5 × 200-m step test was selected to evaluate velocity at 4 mmol·l⁻¹ of blood lactate concentration (v4), maximal blood lactate concentration after exercise (La(peak)), maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), stroke frequency, stroke length (SL), stroke index (SI), and propelling efficiency of the arm stroke (η(p)). The 200-m freestyle performance and average swimming velocity (v200) were also monitored. Significant differences were observed between males and females for the 200-m freestyle performance, SL, SI, and La(peak). Performance (205.18 ± 24.47 seconds; 197.45 ± 20.97 seconds; 193.45 ± 18.12 seconds), SL (1.69 ± 0.17 m; 1.79 ± 0.13 m; 1.78 ± 0.15 m), SI (1.68 ± 0.31 m²·c⁻¹·s⁻¹; 1.83 ± 0.27 m²·c⁻¹·s⁻¹; 1.85 ± 0.27 m²·c⁻¹·s⁻¹), η(p) (0.32 ± 0.04; 0.33 ± 0.03; 0.33 ± 0.04), and V̇O2max (38.71 ± 3.44 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹; 43.43 ± 3.71 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹; 43.95 ± 7.02 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) have changed significantly throughout the season (TP1, TP2, and TP3, respectively) in female swimmers. In male, significant changes were found in η(p) (0.33 ± 0.07; 0.36 ± 0.05; 0.36 ± 0.06) and V̇O2max (41.65 ± 7.30 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹; 45.19 ± 6.55 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹; 50.19 ± 9.65 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) over the season (TP1, TP2, and TP3, respectively). Gender presented a significant effect on SL (TP2: η(p)² = 0.29; TP3: η(p)² = 0.37), SI (TP2: η(p)² = 0.25), and La(peak) (TP3: η(p)² = 0.42). v4 (TP1: η(p)² = 0.23), SL (TP1: η(p)² = 0.46), SI (TP1: η(p)² = 0.78; TP2: η(p)² = 0.37; TP3: η(p)² = 0.32), and η(p) (TP1: η(p)² = 0.28) had a significant effect on performance. Male masters swimmers have better performance, SL, SI, and La(peak) than female counterparts. Female masters swimmers enhanced significantly the 200-m freestyle performance over the season due to the improvement in swimming technique (SL, SI, and η(p)) and energetic factors (v4 and V̇O2max). Nonsignificant improvements were observed for the males' performance. Gender has a significant effect on SL, SI, and La(peak). Therefore, performance is more dependent on technical factors than energetics.This work was supported by University of Beira Interior and Santander Totta bank (UBI/ FCSH/Santander/2010).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Liposomes as a nanoplatform to improve the delivery of antibiotics into Staphylococcus aureus biofilms

Research Areas: Pharmacology & PharmacyABSTRACT - Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-associated infections are a major public health concern. Current therapies are hampered by reduced penetration of antibiotics through biofilm and low accumulation levels at infected sites, requiring prolonged usage. To overcome these, repurposing antibiotics in combination with nanotechnological platforms is one of the most appealing fast-track and costeffective approaches. In the present work, we assessed the potential therapeutic benefit of three antibiotics, vancomycin, levofloxacin and rifabutin (RFB), through their incorporation in liposomes. Free RFB displayed the utmost antibacterial effect with MIC and MBIC50 below 0.006 µg/mL towards a methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). RFB was selected for further in vitro studies and the influence of different lipid compositions on bacterial biofilm interactions was evaluated. Although positively charged RFB liposomes displayed the highest interaction with MSSA biofilms, RFB incorporated in negatively charged liposomes displayed lower MBIC50 values in comparison to the antibiotic in the free form. Preliminary safety assessment on all RFB formulations towards osteoblast and fibroblast cell lines demonstrated that a reduction on cell viability was only observed for the positively charged liposomes. Overall, negatively charged RFB liposomes are a promising approach against biofilm S. aureus infections and further in vivo studies should be performed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Platelet lysate cell-laden hydrogel-coated suture threads for tendon repair

Tendon injuries constitute a major healthcare burden owing to the limited healing ability of these tissues and the poor clinical outcomes of surgical repair treatments. Recent advances in tendon tissue engineering (TTE) strategies, particularly through the use of biotextile technologies, hold great promise toward the generation of artificial living tendon constructs. We have previously developed a braided construct based on suture threads coated with gelMA:alginate hydrogel encapsulating human tendon cells. These cell-laden composite fibers enabled the replication of cell and tissue-level properties simultaneously. Based on this concept, in this study we explored the use of platelet lysate (PL), a pool of supra-physiological concentrations of growth factors (GFs), to generate a hydrogel layer, which is envisioned to act as a depot of therapeutic factors to induce tenogenic differentiation of encapsulated human adipose stem cells (hASCs). For this purpose, commercially available suture threads were first embedded in a thrombin solution and then incubated in PL containing hASCs. Herein, thrombin induces the gelation of PL and consequent hydrogel formation. After coating suture threads with the mixture of PL-ASCs, cells were found to be viable and homogeneously distributed along the fibers. Strikingly, hASCs encapsulated within the PL hydrogel layer around the suture thread were able to sense chemotactic factors present in PL and to establish connections between adjacent independent fibers, suggesting a tremendous potential of PL cell-laden hydrogel fibers as building blocks in the development of living constructs aimed at tendon repair applications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Biological process optimal design in a wastewater treatment plant

The aim of this paper is to determine the optimal design and operation of an activated sludge system that is being installed in a small town in the north of Portugal. This process design takes into consideration real data in order to define the objective cost function which includes both investment and operation costs. The collected data were also used to characterize the wastewater in that region. To define the constraints of the optimization problem, we consider very well established models for the aeration tank and the secondary settler, together with the system balances and some system definitions. The highly nonlinear optimization problem was solved through the internet by the SNOPT solver provided by the NEOS Server. We found, for the minimum cost, the optimal design/operation for the above mentioned system in terms of the volume of the aeration tank, air flow needed for the biological sludge, the sedimentation area and the secondary settler depth, to name a few of the involved variables

Contribution of a simple sludge treatment in a WWTP optimization procedure

In the sequence of the work done with a combined ATV and double exponential model to describe the secondary settler concerning the optimal design of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), a simple sludge treatment based on dewatering followed by deposition in landfills is now included in the system. Power consumption, transport and deposition of the sludge are involved in the operation cost of the sludge treatment. This work aims to evaluate the contribution of this cost in the WWTP design total cost. The experiments carried out with three WWTPs in design show that the considered wasted biosolids treatment does not affect the design although is responsible for 10 to 14% of the total costs