47 research outputs found
Carbohydrates plus protein reduces oxidative stress after single bout of aerobic exercise
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CPA in muscle damage and oxidative stress induced by aerobic exercise. Participate in the study ten healthy young (24 ± 4 years), eutrophic (23.2 ± 1 kg/m2),VO2max = 44.9 ± 10 ml/kg/min, four women performed three aerobic exercise sessions lasting 50 minutes randomly supplemented with water (WAT), isolated carbohydrate (CHO) or carbohydrate associated with proteins and antioxidants (CPA) every 10 minutes of exercise. Blood samples were taken before, immediately and 24 hours after each exercise session for analysis markers of muscle damage creatine kinase (CK) and oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA). Blood glucose was measured before, during and after the exercise. After testing the data for normality and homogeneity through the Shapiro-Wilk and Levine tests, one-way ANOVA or two-way analyses were made to compare the initial and the answers to the experimental procedure respectively, or their corresponding non-parametric. CHO and CPA resulted in maintaining or increasing glucose, respectively, during exercise, whereas WAT resulted in glycemia reduction. CHO or CPA did not affect CK post exercise concentration. MDA values were very similar immediately after exercise between CHO and CPA, however occurred significant reduction from post exercice to 24 hours after exercise in CPA procedure (4.8 ± 1.8 to 2.5 ± 0.8, p <0,05), while CHO (5.1 ± 0.8 to 4.6 ± 0.9) and WAT (4.9 ± 0.9 to 5.1 ± 0.6) did not promotes the same phenomenon. This study revealed that carbohydrates associated with proteins and antioxidants have ergogenic effect by increasing blood glucose during a single bout of aerobic exercise and accelerate the restoration of oxidative stress
Conservação de folĂculos prĂ©-antrais caprinos em solução salina ou Ă base de ĂĄgua de coco
The present study investigated the efficiency of saline solution and coconut water solution in the preservation of goat preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue, at different temperatures and for different incubation periods. At the slaughterhouse, the ovarian pair was divided into 19 fragments; one ovarian fragment was immediately fixed for histology (control-time zero). The other 18 ovarian fragments were preserved in both solutions at 4ÂșC, 20ÂșC or 39ÂșC for 4 h, 12 h or 24 h. The histological analysis showed that the storage of ovarian fragments in both solutions at 4ÂșC for up to 24 h kept the percentage of normal preantral follicles similar to the control values. In contrast, preservation at 20°C or 39ÂșC, in either solution, reduced significantly the percentage of normal preantral follicles compared to the control values, except in saline solution at 20ÂșC for 4 h or in coconut water solution at 20ÂșC for 4 h and 12 h. In conclusion, this study shows that both solutions can be used with the same efficiency to preserve goat preantral follicles at 4°C, irrespective of the incubation time. However, to preserve goat preantral follicles at higher temperatures, coconut water solution is recommended.O presente estudo investigou a eficiĂȘncia da solução salina e solução Ă base de ĂĄgua de coco na preservação de folĂculos prĂ©-antrais inclusos em tecido ovariano, em diferentes temperaturas e diferentes tempos de incubação. No abatedouro, o par ovariano foi dividido em 19 fragmentos; um fragmento ovariano foi imediatamente fixado para histologia clĂĄssica (controle-tempo zero). Os outros 18 fragmentos ovarianos foram conservados em ambas as soluçÔes a 4ÂșC, 20ÂșC ou 39ÂșC por 4 h, 12 h ou 24 h. A anĂĄlise histolĂłgica mostrou que a conservação de fragmentos ovarianos em ambas as soluçÔes a 4ÂșC por atĂ© 24 h mantĂ©m a percentagem de folĂculos prĂ©-antrais normais similar aos valores do controle. Ao contrĂĄrio, a conservação a 20°C ou 39ÂșC, em ambas as soluçÔes, reduziu significativamente a percentagem de folĂculos prĂ©-antrais normais comparado aos valores do controle, exceto em solução salina a 20ÂșC por 4 h ou em solução Ă base de ĂĄgua de coco a 20ÂșC por 4 h e 12 h. Em conclusĂŁo, esse estudo mostrou que ambas as soluçÔes podem ser usadas com igual eficiĂȘncia para conservar folĂculos prĂ©-antrais caprinos a 4°C, independente do tempo de incubação. No entanto, para conservar folĂculos prĂ©-antrais caprinos a altas temperaturas, a solução Ă base de ĂĄgua de coco Ă© recomendada
Degeneration rate of preantral follicles in the ovaries of goats
The degeneration rate of ovarian preantral follicles in goats, and the distribution in the follicular classes (primordial, primary or secondary) was assessed. Ovaries from adult goats were collected at a local slaughterhouse. To evaluate the morphology of the caprine preantral follicles in situ, one fragment from each ovary was fixed individually in Carnoy for 12 h, sectioned serially at a thickness of 7 ÎŒm and stained with Periodic Acid Shiff-hematoxylin. Preantral follicles were then classified according to the stage of development. Preantral follicles were classified individually either as morphologically normal; as Type 1 degenerated follicles (only the oocyte was degenerated); or as Type 2 degenerated follicles (when degeneration occurred at both oocyte and granulosa cells). The total examined was 235 primordial, 195 primary and 101 secondary follicles. The distribution of degenerated follicles as primordial, primary and secondary follicles was 8.5, 14.3 and 16.8%, respectively. When Types 1 and 2 degenerated follicles were pooled, secondary follicles were significantly more degenerated than primordial and primary follicles. When degeneration Types 1 and 2 was compared in each follicular class, a higher (P<0.05) percentage of Type 1 degeneration was observed in primordial and primary follicles. Conversely, secondary follicles were significantly more affected by Type 2 degeneration. When the follicular classes were taken together, a significantly higher percentage of Type 1 degenerated preantral follicles was observed when compared with Type 2 degenerated follicles (P<0.05). In conclusion, a low percentage of degenerated preantral follicles was observed and secondary follicles were more affected by degeneration than primordial follicles. Thus, primordial follicles constitute a large and potentially valuable source of oocytes for reproductive programs after in vitro growth and maturation
Morphological and ultrastructural analysis of sheep primordial follicles preserved in 0.9% saline solution and TCM 199
The objective was to determine the morphological and ultrastructural features of sheep primordial follicles preserved in either 0.9% saline solution or TCM 199 at different temperatures. Soon after death, the ovarian pair of each ewe (n=5) was divided into 25 fragments. One fragment was immediately fixed for morphological evaluation (control). The other 24 fragments were randomly distributed in tubes containing 2 ml of 0.9% saline solution or TCM 199 and maintained at 4, 20 or 39 °C for 2, 4, 12, or 24 h. Based on histological assessment, storage of ovarian fragments in 0.9% saline solution at 20 °C for up to 24 h and in both solutions at 39 °C for 4, 12 or 24 h increased (P<0.01) the percentage of degenerate primordial follicles compared with controls. In contrast, preservation at 4 °C in both solutions, kept the percentage of morphologically normal primordial follicles similar to control values. Although histological integrity of primordial follicles was maintained in fragments stored at 20 °C for up to 24 h in TCM 199, these results were not confirmed by ultrastructural analysis. Based on transmission electron microscopy, only primordial follicles stored at 4 °C for up to 24 h, at 20 °C for up to 12 h and at 39 °C for up to 2 h in both solutions were ultrastructurally normal. In conclusion, sheep primordial follicles were successfully preserved at 4 °C for up to 24 h, at 20 °C for up to 12 h and at 39 °C for 2 h in 0.9% saline solution or TCM 199
ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest
Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ
Preservation of goat preantral follicles in saline or coconut water solution
O presente estudo investigou a eficiĂȘncia da solução salina e solução Ă base de ĂĄgua de coco na preservação de folĂculos prĂ©-antrais inclusos em tecido ovariano, em diferentes temperaturas e diferentes tempos de incubação. No abatedouro, o par ovariano foi dividido em 19 fragmentos; um fragmento ovariano foi imediatamente fixado para histologia clĂĄssica (controle-tempo zero). Os outros 18 fragmentos ovarianos foram conservados em ambas as soluçÔes a 4ÂșC, 20ÂșC ou 39ÂșC por 4 h, 12 h ou 24 h. A anĂĄlise histolĂłgica mostrou que a conservação de fragmentos ovarianos em ambas as soluçÔes a 4ÂșC por atĂ© 24 h mantĂ©m a percentagem de folĂculos prĂ©-antrais normais similar aos valores do controle. Ao contrĂĄrio, a conservação a 20°C ou 39ÂșC, em ambas as soluçÔes, reduziu significativamente a percentagem de folĂculos prĂ©-antrais normais comparado aos valores do controle, exceto em solução salina a 20ÂșC por 4 h ou em solução Ă base de ĂĄgua de coco a 20ÂșC por 4 h e 12 h. Em conclusĂŁo, esse estudo mostrou que ambas as soluçÔes podem ser usadas com igual eficiĂȘncia para conservar folĂculos prĂ©-antrais caprinos a 4°C, independente do tempo de incubação. No entanto, para conservar folĂculos prĂ©-antrais caprinos a altas temperaturas, a solução Ă base de ĂĄgua de coco Ă© recomendada
"A incorporação do proletariado Ă sociedade moderna": a Escola de Aprendizes ArtĂfices de Minas Gerais (1910-1941) "The proletariat's integration into the modern society": the School for Apprentice Craftsmen of Minas Gerais (1910-1941)
Este artigo trata da criação de uma instituição escolar, a Escola de Aprendizes ArtĂfices de Minas Gerais, inaugurada em Belo Horizonte em 1910. Apresentamos aqui algumas reflexĂ”es acerca da produção dessa escola como lugar de formação do cidadĂŁo trabalhador da repĂșblica brasileira. Discutimos tambĂ©m as implicaçÔes da sua localização na trama social e espacial da cidade, bem como da produção do espaço a ela destinada em espaço escolar. Utilizando como fonte principal os primeiros relatĂłrios de direção dessa escola e jornais mineiros do perĂodo, este trabalho aborda a constituição da Escola de Aprendizes ArtĂfices e sua configuração na cultura urbana e no ambiente de trabalho da capital mineira.<br>This article deals with the creation of an educational institution, the School for Apprentice Craftsmen of Minas Gerais, installed in Belo Horizonte in 1910. We present here some reflections about the production of this school as a place of formation for the working citizen in the Brazilian republic. We also discuss the implications of its location in the social and spatial fabric of the city, as well as the production of its destined space into a schooling space. Using as primary sources the first reports from the schoolÂŽs Principal and newspapers published in Minas Gerais in that period of time, this work approaches the constitution of the School for Apprentice Craftsmen and its configuration in the urban culture and the working environment of the Minas Gerais capital
Revascularização do miocårdio com cirurgia minimamente invasiva (MIDCAB): resultados em 46 pacientes
Objetivo: Apresentar a experiĂȘncia com a realização de revascularização do miocĂĄrdio com tĂ©cnica minimamente invasiva, via minitoratocotomia anterior esquerda sem circulação extracorpĂłrea (MIDCAB). CasuĂstica e MĂ©todos: 46 pacientes foram submetidos a MIDCAB de fevereiro de 1997 a janeiro de 1998. Todos eram portadores de doença obstrutiva na porção proximal do ramo interventricular anterior (RIA). A tĂ©cnica consistiu em pequena incisĂŁo, de cerca de 8,0 cm, transversal, na regiĂŁo inframamĂĄria esquerda, obtendo-se fĂĄcil acesso para dissecção da artĂ©ria torĂĄcica interna (ATI) e posterior anastomose com o RIA. A avaliação dos resultados foi feita com controle clĂnico, laboratorial e angiogrĂĄfico. Resultados: O tempo mĂ©dio de operação foi de 2 horas, com cerca de 18 horas de internação na UTI e permanĂȘncia hospitalar mĂĄxima de 5 dias. NĂŁo ocorreram Ăłbitos intra-operatĂłrios. Houve 1 caso de morte sĂșbita apĂłs alta (15Âș PO). Os pacientes acompanhados ambulatorialmente nĂŁo referiram dor anginosa. Documentou-se 4 casos de oclusĂŁo da ATI e 2 estenoses do RIA pĂłs anastomose, provavelmente decorrentes da bandagem desse vaso durante o procedimento. NĂŁo houve correlação entre nĂveis de troponina-I e oclusĂŁo do enxerto. Verificou-se, porĂ©m, que os nĂveis de troponina I dos pacientes submetidos Ă MIDCAB foram significativamente menores que no procedimento convencional. NĂŁo ocorreram complicaçÔes clĂnicas de significĂąncia. ConclusĂŁo: A MIDCAB demonstrou ser procedimento Ăștil e de baixa morbidade e mortalidade, com possibilidade de menor permanĂȘncia hospitalar e conseqĂŒente menor custo. Os baixos nĂveis sangĂŒĂneos de troponina I indicam menor sofrimento miocĂĄrdico com o procedimento