Implicações da radiação na saúde dos profissionais que utilizam a fluoroscopia na prática diária: Implications of radiation on the health of professionals who use the fluoroscopy in daily practice

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar as implicações da radiação na saúde dos profissionais que utilizam o arco cirúrgico na prática diária. Neste estudo foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Para seleção das publicações foram considerados como critérios de inclusão estar disponível em formato completo, publicado nos últimos cinco anos (2018-2022), escritas em língua portuguesa e inglesa. E como critérios de exclusão foram considerados estar foram do tema de pesquisa, ser revisão de literatura e repetido na base de dados. Os critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram considerados como meio de validade metodológica. Concluiu-se a partir desse estudo que apesar de baixos níveis de radiação emitidos por arco cirúrgico, os riscos ainda são significativos, verificando-se a necessidade de conscientização dos profissionais de saúde sobre a proteção necessária para mitigação das implicações, principalmente, entre os menos experientes.&nbsp

Contracepção hormonal e lesões cervicais pelo Papilomavírus Humano: uma revisão de literatura / Hormonal contraception and cervical injuries by Human Papillomavirus: a literature review

Introdução: A infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV) é a doença sexualmente transmissível (DST) mais comum, afetando 50% da população mundial. Estima-se que entre 75 e 80% da de indivíduos sexualmente ativos adquirirão algum subtipo de HPV ao longo da vida. No Brasil, a taxa de prevalência de HPV varia de 13,7 a 54,3%, de acordo com a população e as regiões estudadas. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a associação entre os hormônios contracepção e o aparecimento de lesões induzidas por HPV em o colo uterino. Metodologia: O presente estudo foi elaborado por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, realizada eletronicamente, procurando registros sobre o desenvolvimento de lesões induzidas por HPV em colo uterino e hormônios de contracepção. Objetivando com isso identificar através da literatura a associação entre os hormônios de contracepção e o aparecimento de lesões induzidas por HPV em colo uterino. Para a realização do mesmo foram analisados artigos publicados em revistas científicas, utilizando as bases de dados da BVS (Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde), como: Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online). Resultados: Após a seleção, restaram nove artigos para a discussão. Podemos observar os artigos escolhidos no quadro, composto pelos autores, título, metodologia, resultados e conclusão que cada um encontrou. Em seguida foi realizada uma discussão acerca destes artigos. Conclusão: Muitos estudos relataram que os mecanismos envolvidos na persistência e incidência de lesões de HPV estão longe de ser esclarecidas, e que novas estudos são necessários para elucidar melhores abordagens em relação ao tipo de contracepção, via de administração e doses hormonal que não estão associadas a lesões induzidas por HPV

Search for gravitational-lensing signatures in the full third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network

Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions of gravitational wave-signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO--Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by 1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, 2) calculating the degree of overlap amongst the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, 3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms amongst pairs of signals, and 4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by 1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and 2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the non-detection of gravitational-wave lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects

Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo

Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass M>70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0<e≤0.3 at 0.33 Gpc−3 yr−1 at 90\% confidence level

Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM

Using dung beetles to evaluate the conversion effects from native to introduced pasture in the Brazilian Pantanal

The Pantanal is the largest Neotropical seasonal freshwater wetland on Earth. Extensive livestock production has been the dominant economic land use activity of the Pantanal, where approximately 80 % of the land is occupied by native and introduced pastures. However, the impact of native pasture conversion into introduced pasture on the biodiversity of this biome is little understood. Here we evaluate the effect of native pasture to introduced pasture conversion on dung beetle communities. We sampled dung beetles in July 2011 (dry season) and January 2012 (rainy season), at four native pasture sites and four introduced pasture sites in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The sampling was carried out using pitfall traps baited with three different bait types: carrion, cattle dung, and human feces. We sampled 7086 individuals, belonging to 32 species of 16 genera and six tribes of dung beetles. The abundance was similar among the pasture types. However, a higher species richness was found on the native pasture. Species composition also differed between the two pasture types in each sampling season. Additionally, the dominant functional guilds were different in the two landscapes. The result shows that the conversion of native grasslands into introduced pasture results in a decrease of species number and changes in species composition. These findings highlight the importance on native pasture to the conservation of dung beetle biodiversity in this ecosystem

Atlantic flower–invertebrate interactions: A data set of occurrence and frequency of floral visits

Encounters between flowers and invertebrates are key events for the functioning of tropical forests. Assessing the structure of networks composed of the interactions between those partners leads to a better understanding of ecosystem functioning and the effects of environmental factors on ecological processes. Gathering such data is, however, costly and time-consuming, especially in the highly diverse tropics. We aimed to provide a comprehensive repository of available flower–invertebrate interaction information for the Atlantic Forest, a South American tropical forest domain. Data were obtained from published works and “gray literature,” such as theses and dissertations, as well as self-reports by co-authors. The data set has ~18,000 interaction records forming 482 networks, each containing between one and 1061 interaction links. Each network was sampled for about 200 h or less, with few exceptions. A total of 641 plant genera within 136 different families and 39 orders were reported, with the most abundant and rich families being Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae. Invertebrates interacting with these plants were all arthropods from 10 orders, 129 families, and 581 genera, comprising 2419 morphotypes (including 988 named species). Hymenoptera was the most abundant and diverse order, with at least six times more records than the second-ranked order (Lepidoptera). The complete data set shows Hymenoptera interacting with all plant orders and also shows Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera to be important nodes. Among plants, Asterales and Fabales had the highest number of interactions. The best sampled environment was forest (~8000 records), followed by pastures and crops. Savanna, grasslands, and urban environments (among others) were also reported, indicating a wide range of approaches dedicated to collecting flower–invertebrate interaction data in the Atlantic Forest domain. Nevertheless, most reported data were from forest understory or lower strata, indicating a knowledge gap about flower–invertebrate interactions at the canopy. Also, access to remote regions remains a limitation, generating sampling bias across the geographical range of the Atlantic Forest. Future studies in these continuous and hard-to-access forested areas will yield important new information regarding the interactions between flowers and invertebrates in the Atlantic Forest. There are no copyright restrictions on the data set. Please cite this data paper if the data are used in publications and teaching events.Fil: Boscolo, Danilo. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil. National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution; BrasilFil: Nobrega Rodrigues, Bárbara. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil. National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution; BrasilFil: Ferreira, Patrícia Alves. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; Brasil. National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution; BrasilFil: Lopes, Luciano Elsinor. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; Brasil. National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution; BrasilFil: Tonetti, Vinicius Rodrigues. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Reis dos Santos, Isabela Cristhina. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Hiruma Lima, Juliana Akemi. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Nery, Laura. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Baptista de Lima, Karoline. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Perozi, Jéssica. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Freitas, André Victor Lucci. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Felipe Viana, Blandina. Universidade Federal da Bahia; Brasil. National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution; BrasilFil: Antunes Carvalho, Caio. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Amorim, Dalton de Souza. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Freitas de Oliveira, Favízia. Universidade Federal da Bahia; Brasil. National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution; BrasilFil: Groppo, Milton. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Absy, Maria Lúcia. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: de Almeida Scabbia, Renata Jimenez. Universidade de Mogi Das Cruzes; BrasilFil: Alves Araújo, Anderson. Universidade Federal da Bahia; BrasilFil: de Amorim, Felipe Wanderley. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Antiqueira, Pablo Augusto Poleto. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Antonini, Yasmine. Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; BrasilFil: Aoki, Camila. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; BrasilFil: dos Santos Aragão, Daniele. Universidade do Estado da Bahia; BrasilFil: Balbino, Tais Cristina Teixeira. Universidade do Estado da Bahia; BrasilFil: da Silva Ferreira Bandeira, Michele. Universidade do Estado da Bahia; BrasilFil: Barbosa, Bruno Corrêa. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; BrasilFil: de Vasconcellos Barbosa, Maria Regina. Universidade Federal Da Paraíba; BrasilFil: Machado de Souza, Tatiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural. - Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; ArgentinaFil: Galetto, Leonardo. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit