Impact of surface sizing on inkjet printing quality

Printing quality is strongly influenced by the structural and chemical properties of paper surface, and is one of the most important factors concerning costumer’s evaluation. Thus, all studies regarding the evaluation of paper surface characteristics, the effects of surface treatments, paper-ink interactions as well as the influence of all these parameters on printing quality, are of utmost importance. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence on printing quality of different chemical surface treatments used in printing and writing papers and also identify the most relevant parameters for inkjet printing quality evaluation. For that, four paper samples were studied. Differences in the performance of the distinct samples were detected, and interpreted in terms of the different treatments. The results also revealed that contact angles measurements are a valuable tool to predict paper’s inkjet printing behavior

Monitoring nitrogen nutritional status of vegetables in the social garden of Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, NE Portugal

Urban agriculture is a global phenomenon. In developing countries urban agriculture has had crucial importance in alleviating problems of extreme poverty and unemployment of the populations of the larger cities. In developed countries has been particularly important during periods of economic depression. Nowadays, the urban agriculture in developed countries is increasing, aimed more at leisure, sports and recreation of the urban dwellers. These spaces are also emphasizing environmental education awareness by implementing environmentally friendly agricultural practices. In the case of Portugal, urban agriculture is frequently regulated by norms, implicitly or explicitly, similar to those established for organic farming. The urban agriculture project of the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB) is one of these kinds of projects in which participants are encouraged to use sustainable farming practices. The fertilizers used are usually farmyard manures and other organic wastes. This work takes part of a larger project that aims to monitor the nutritional status of the plants, the residual mineral nitrogen content in the soil and the contamination of plants and soils with heavy metals. In this report, it will be present results only for the first two goals

Self-reseeding annual legumes for cover cropping in rainfed managed olive orchards

Given the environmental impact of nitrogen (N)-fertilizer manufacture and use, the sustainable management of agro-systems should be sought by growing N-fixing legumes. In this work, eleven self-reseeding annual legumes were grown in pure stands as mulching cover crops in a rainfed olive orchard managed without grazing animals. Dry matter yield, N content in above-ground biomass, groundcover percentage and persistence of the sown species were assessed during four growing seasons. All covers provided enough soil protection over the year, with living plants during the autumn/winter period and a mulch of dead residues during the summer. The legumes overcame a false break observed in the third year recovering the dominance of the covers in the fourth growing season. This means that the seed bank established in previous seasons ensured the persistence of the sown legume even when a gap in seed production occurred. The early-maturing cultivars produced less biomass and fixed less N (approx. 50 kg N/ha/yr present in the above-ground biomass) than the late-maturing ones, but would compete less for water since the growing cycle finished earlier in the spring. They seem best suited to being grown in dry farmed olive orchards with low N demand in drought prone regions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Health care expenses impact on the disability-adjusted life years in non-communicable diseases in the European Union

Non-communicable diseases are a global health problem. The metric Disability-Adjusted Life Years was developed to measure its impact on health systems. This metric makes it possible to understand a disease's burden, towards defining healthcare policies. This research analysed the effect of healthcare expenditures in the evolution of disability-adjusted life years for non-communicable diseases in the European Union between 2000 and 2019. Methods: Data were collected for all 27 European Union countries from Global Burden of Disease 2019, Global Health Expenditure, and EUROSTAT databases. Econometric panel data models were used to assess the impact of healthcare expenses on the disability-adjusted life years. Only models with a coefficient of determination equal to or higher than 10% were analysed. Results: There was a decrease in the non-communicable diseases with the highest disability-adjusted life years: cardiovascular diseases (-2,952 years/10(5) inhabitants) and neoplasms (-618 years/10(5) inhabitants). Health expenditure significantly decreased disability-adjusted life years for all analysed diseases (p 0.05) whereas public health expenditure did not significantly influence skin and subcutaneous diseases (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Health expenditure have proved to be effective in the reduction of several diseases. However, some categories such as musculoskeletal and mental disorders must be a priority for health policies in the future since, despite their low mortality, they can present high morbidity and disability.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A poda influencia a produção do olival tradicional? A que nível?

O olival tradicional constitui-se como a principal atividade económica da Terra Quente Transmontana, pelas pessoas que envolve e pelas receitas que gera. O setor passa, contudo, uma fase difícil decorrente dos baixos preços a que o azeite é comercializado. Para manter a atividade com sustentabilidade económica é necessário maximizar a produtividade e reduzir custos. Um dos aspetos da técnica cultural que mais pode influenciar o resultado económico da cultura é a poda, pelos custos que acarreta e pela forma como pode influenciar a produtividade das árvores. Neste trabalho, apresentam-se resultados do efeito de vários regimes de poda na produtividade e outros aspetos da fisiologia da árvore. O ensaio de campo está instalado em Valongo, Mirandela. Consiste em quatro regimes de poda, designadamente poda severa, poda moderada, poda ligeira e não poda (testemunha). Nos regimes de poda severa, moderada e ligeira procurou remover-se, respetivamente, 75, 50 e 25% da rama. Na modalidade testemunha não se efetuou poda. No início do ensaio as árvores estavam no terceiro ano após o último evento de poda. Cada regime de poda foi aplicado a um grupo homogéneo de dez árvores. No Inverno anterior à poda a produção foi muito baixa (valor médio de 2,2 kg/árvore) e sem diferenças significativas entre os quatro grupos de árvores submetidos a poda diferenciada na Primavera seguinte. As produções médias de azeitona na primeira colheita após a poda foram de 17,1, 15,7, 9,8 e 2,0 kg/árvore, respetivamente nas modalidades testemunha, poda ligeira, poda moderada e poda severa. O calibre dos frutos variou de forma inversa à produção, registando-se os valores de 237,5, 298,7, 377,8 e 451,6 g por 100 azeitonas. A concentração de nutrientes nas folhas variou significativamente em função dos regimes de poda, bem como os valores de clorofila-SPAD determinados com o aparelho portátil SPAD-502. Assim, em análise de curto prazo, a poda reprimiu fortemente a produção de azeitona, possivelmente por remover folhas, que se constituem como a principal reserva de fotoassimilados da planta e o aparato fotossintético responsável pela aquisição de mais produtos da fotossíntese no futuro. A alteração verificada no estado nutricional das plantas em função do regime de poda e o lançamento diferenciado de rebentação de tronco (ladrões) irá repercutir-se seguramente nos ciclos produtivos dos anos seguintes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Preliminary critical nitrogen nutritional indices for lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) grown in a Mediterranean environment in North-Eastern Portugal

The management of crop fertilization presupposes previous diagnoses of soil fertility and plant nutritional status. In Europe, regular soil testing and plant analysis is mandatory for farmers receiving EU subsidies. Soil testing provides information on the potential availability of nutrients in the soil, a key component in the fertilization recommendation systems. By analyzing plant tissues we can access the nutritional status of a crop, which allows understanding if supplemental fertilization is needed. Without these means of diagnostic, fertilization is an entirely empirical practice. The sector of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAP) seems to be out of that logical. For most MAP it were not yet established sufficiency ranges or critical levels that allows the interpretation of plant analysis results (see Mills and Jones, 1996; INIAP-LQARS, 2006). Taken into account that most of MAP production in Europe is organic, and that this may requires the use of expensive commercial organic manures, the situation seems to be unsustainable. There is a real need for sufficiency ranges or critical levels allowing the use of plant analysis as a diagnostic criterion on its nutritional status for a judicious decision on the rate of nutrients to apply. This work is part of a wider project that is still beginning, which main goal is to establish sufficiency ranges or critical levels for some MAP that are having great economic importance in Portugal. In this paper, preliminary results for lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) are presented.Projeto PRODER n.º 46025 - Gestão Sustentável da Produção de Plantas Aromáticas e Medicinais e Projeto PRODER n.º 46207 - Adaptação cultural de hortelã-vulgar e stevia

Nitrogen content in above-ground plant parts as an aid to establish more accurate fertilizer-nitrogen recommendations for grapevine

Nitrogen is the nutrient applied most frequently as fertilizer in annual and perennial crops. In grapevine, nitrogen determines the vigor and yield of vine and several attributes of must quality (Akin et al., 2012; Pérez-Alvaréz et al., 2013). The close relationship between nitrogen application, vine performance and the quality of wine requires the rational use of fertilizer-N. In addition, the excessive use of fertilizer-N may cause environmental damage (Powlson, 1993). The current recommendation systems for vine are usually based on plant analysis complemented by soil testing. These tools are important but insufficient to provide quantified rates of nutrients to apply. To increase the accuracy of the fertilization programs, data on nutrient content and dynamic in plant tissues may be helpful. In this work, nutrient content in different vine parts (leaves, canes, cordons and trunk) and at different dates (from September 14th to November 28th) was determined to understand the fate of the nutrients at the end of the growing season as a mean of increasing precision of the fertilizer recommendation system. In this extended abstract, it will be presented data on nitrogen content and dynamic in those plant tissues and dates

Understanding the Absorption of Fluorinated Gases in Fluorinated Ionic Liquids for Recovering Purposes Using Soft-SAFT

2020.00835.CEEIND 2021.01432.CEECIND RC2-2019-007It is proven that fluorinated gases (F-gases) have a vast impact on climate change due to their high global warming potential. Hence, it is imperative to search for new molecules to replace them in current applications, as well as technologies to capture, recover, and recycle F-gases to avoid their emissions to the atmosphere. One of the attractive technologies for this purpose is to absorb them in fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs), given their solubilization power. However, the complexity of FILs and the time-consuming experimental methodologies to fully characterize them hinder their prompt usage in this urgent field. In this work, the soft-Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (soft-SAFT) Equation of State is used as a tool to investigate the solubility of six different F-gases (R-32, R-125, R-134a, R-14, R-116, R-218) in five FILs ([C2C1Im][C4F9SO3], [C2C1Im][C4F9CO2], [C2C1py][C4F9SO3], [C2(C6F13)C1Im][N(CF3SO2)2], and [C2(C6F13)C1Im][N(C2F5SO2)2]). The robustness of the soft-SAFT approach allowed the establishment of new FIL models in a simple and fast way, and the calculation of F-gases solubility in them, in excellent agreement with existing experimental data. Once the models were assessed, a systematic study was performed regarding the structural features of FILs favoring their performance to absorb F-gases by using the soft-SAFT approach as a screening tool. It has been obtained that the solubility is favored by the presence of a perfluoroalkyl chain in the imidazolium cation, together with a bulkier anion. In all cases, [C2(C6F13)C1Im][N(C2F5SO2)2] shows a superior solubility of F-gases than the [C2(C6F13)C1Im][N(CF3SO2)2], also indicating that the addition of one carbon to the two anionic symmetric fluorinated chains contributes to the gas-philicity of the FILs. This work proves the relevance of using the soft-SAFT framework to obtain insights into the behavior of such complex systems and key trends, even when experimental data are scarce, as a step forward in assessing systems for separating and recovering F-gases.publishersversioninpres

Growth and nitrogen recovery in the above-ground biomass of eleven self-reseeding annual legumes grown in a rainfed olive orchard

Most of the traditional dry-farmed olive orchards of the NE of Portugal are planted in shallow soils on sloping terrain. The olive yields obtained are usually low, due to the severe environmental constraints under which these orchards are grown. Growing olive trees in such hard conditions, may recommend the management of the orchards as organic, a low-input farming system from which the farmer profit can arise from the appreciation of the price of the olive oil. The natural soil fertility of these orchards is usually very low, being nitrogen the most limiting nutrient to the growth of the trees (Rodrigues et al., 2011). Objectively, to manage these orchards as organic and to maintain the soil fertility and the tree nutritional status in an acceptable level, there is a single option: the introduction of legume species as cover crops. Legumes can access atmospheric N2, due to the symbiotic relationship that they can establish with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Russelle, 2008). In this work eleven self-reseeding annual legumes were introduced in a rainfed olive orchard in order to test their suitability to be used as cover crops. The legume species/varieties were grown as pure stand and managed without grazing, since currently the farmers of the region are not raising animals. The cover crops were shown in September 2009, and data on dry matter yield, nitrogen recovery, ground cover percentage, persistence of the sown species, …, are recorded for four consecutive growing seasons

The effect of different winter cover crops on sorghum nutritional status and dry matter yield

Growing winter cover crops has a great agroecological meaning, since it allow maintaining the residual inorganic N in the soil/plant system, thus avoiding leaching of N (Rodrigues et al., 2002). As winter cover crops, it can be grown diverse species (Jensen, 1992). If legume species were used, they can access atmospheric N through the establishment of a symbiotic relationship with N-fixing bacteria (Russelle, 2008). Thus, the winter leguminous cover crops can have a dual role: to uptake residual inorganic N; and promoting the growth of the following crop through a green manuring effect, which may reduce the need for expensive N fertilizers. Lupine (Lupinus albus) appears as a suitable legume species to be grown in this region, since it presents high growth rates in winter and a great ability to fix N (Rodrigues et al., 2013). In this work, the use of lupine as a winter cover crop was compared to small grains and natural vegetation (weeds) by measuring their effect on irrigated sorghum grown as a summer crop. The effect of the different winter cover crops was evaluated by comparing sorghum dry matter yield, plant N nutritional status and N recovery by sorghum plants