Racismo e dominação: a formação das relações raciais no Brasil / Racism and domination: the formation of racial relations in Brazil

A presente investigação tem por objeto a formação das relações raciais no Brasil, a partir da noção de dominação social. Para tanto a investigação se valerá da conjuntura ideológica, cultural e científica do racismo, a tradução das teorias raciais importadas no contexto brasileiro, a sua originalidade e a sua influência no discurso jurídico. Refletir o contexto de suposto “enfraquecimento” da escravidão, refletir o binômio cativeiro e liberdade, à luz da visão da mestiçagem como um problema, ora como solução para a formação da sociedade brasileira. Por fim, refletir à luz do contexto do mito da democracia racial, os estudos sobre o papel do mestiço e da mestiçagem na formação da identidade nacional brasileira

SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT ENTRE PROFESSORES ATUANTES EM ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS SOB A ÁREA DE EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA TERRITÓRIO PAULO FREIRE

O estresse é um fator de risco para várias patologias, sendo ele preocupante em diversas profissões, especialmente no meio pedagógico. Tanto na natureza do trabalho do professor quanto no contexto em que exerce suas funções, existem fatores estressores que podem levar à síndrome de Burnout, sendo esta definida como um estado de esgotamento físico e mental cuja causa está intimamente ligada à vida profissional. Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a frequência da síndrome de Burnout entre professores de escolas públicas

SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT ENTRE PROFESSORES ATUANTES EM ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS SOB A ÁREA DE EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA TERRITÓRIO PAULO FREIRE

O estresse é um fator de risco para várias patologias, sendo ele preocupante em diversas profissões, especialmente no meio pedagógico. Tanto na natureza do trabalho do professor quanto no contexto em que exerce suas funções, existem fatores estressores que podem levar à síndrome de Burnout, sendo esta definida como um estado de esgotamento físico e mental cuja causa está intimamente ligada à vida profissional. Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a frequência da síndrome de Burnout entre professores de escolas públicas

A social and ecological assessment of tropical land uses at multiple scales: the Sustainable Amazon Network

Science has a critical role to play in guiding more sustainable development trajectories. Here, we present the Sustainable Amazon Network (Rede Amazonia Sustentavel, RAS): a multidisciplinary research initiative involving more than 30 partner organizations working to assess both social and ecological dimensions of land-use sustainability in eastern Brazilian Amazonia. The research approach adopted by RAS offers three advantages for addressing land-use sustainability problems: (i) the collection of synchronized and co-located ecological and socioeconomic data across broad gradients of past and present human use; (ii) a nested sampling design to aid comparison of ecological and socioeconomic conditions associated with different land uses across local, landscape and regional scales; and (iii) a strong engagement with a wide variety of actors and non-research institutions. Here, we elaborate on these key features, and identify the ways in which RAS can help in highlighting those problems in most urgent need of attention, and in guiding improvements in land-use sustainability in Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropics. We also discuss some of the practical lessons, limitations and realities faced during the development of the RAS initiative so far.Keywords: Social–ecological systems, Tropical forests, Land use, Interdisciplinary research, Sustainability, Trade-off

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Caracterização de programas de intervenção com crianças e/ou adolescentes

The objective was to present a descriptive analysis of interventions to prevent and/or reduce children's and/or adolescents' problem behaviors. The study reviewed 192 abstracts from journal articles published between the 1986 and June 2006, available on the following databases: Index-Psi/Periódicos, Lilacs, PsycInfo, Scielo and Medline. Categories of analysis focused on bibliography, method, and studies' results. Data-analysis showed that most of the studies focused on groups and families, and samples with more than 30 participants. Study designs were experimental and quasi-experimenta''on and self report or just self report for data collection. Result analysis suggests that the intervention programs contributed specially for reducing behavior problems, and improving parental practices. Discussion evaluates contributions of the study and gaps in knowledge

Caracterização de programas de intervenção com crianças e/ou adolescentes

The objective was to present a descriptive analysis of interventions to prevent and/or reduce children's and/or adolescents' problem behaviors. The study reviewed 192 abstracts from journal articles published between the 1986 and June 2006, available on the following databases: Index-Psi/Periódicos, Lilacs, PsycInfo, Scielo and Medline. Categories of analysis focused on bibliography, method, and studies' results. Data-analysis showed that most of the studies focused on groups and families, and samples with more than 30 participants. Study designs were experimental and quasi-experimental, combining observation and self report or just self report for data collection. Result analysis suggests that the intervention programs contributed specially for reducing behavior problems, and improving parental practices. Discussion evaluates contributions of the study and gaps in knowledge

Seawater carbonate chemistry and the toxicity of a hydrophobic organic compound on a benthic community

Natural pH values in coastal waters vary largely among locations, ecosystems, and time periods; still, there is an ongoing acidification trend. In this scenario, more acidic pH values can alter bioavailability of organic contaminants, to organisms. Despite this, interactive effects between pH and chemical substances are not usually considered in Ecological Risk Assessment protocols. This study investigated the effects of pH on the toxicity of a hydrophobic organic compound on a benthic community using a microcosm experiment setup to assess the response of nematode assemblages exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Irgarol at two natural pH conditions. Estuarine nematode assemblages were exposed to two concentrations of Irgarol at pH 7.0 and 8.0 for periods of 7 and 35 days. Lower diversity of nematode genera was observed at the highest tested Irgarol concentration (1281 ± 65 ng/g). The results showed that the effects of Irgarol contamination were independent of pH variation, indicating no influence of acidification within this range on the toxicity of Irgarol to benthic meiofauna. However, the results showed that estuarine nematode assemblages are impacted by long-term exposure to low (but naturally occurring) pHs. This indicates that estuarine organisms may be under naturally high physiological pressure and that permanent changes in the ecosystem's environmental factors, such as future coastal ocean acidification, may drive organisms closer to the edges of their tolerance windows

Tecnologias educacionais, assistenciais e gerenciais: uma reflexão a partir da concepção dos docentes de enfermagem Tecnologías educacionales, asistenciales y gerenciales: una reflexión a partir de la concepción de los docentes de enfermería Education, care and management technologies: a reflection based on nursing teachers' conception

Estudo realizado com os docentes de dezesseis Cursos de Enfermagem das Instituições de Ensino Superior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com objetivo de identificar as tecnologias assistenciais, educacionais e gerenciais que vêm sendo utilizadas e/ou produzidas em sua práxis profissional nas disciplinas profissionalizantes. Este texto apresenta um recorte da investigação realizada e centra-se nas concepções das diferentes tipologias de tecnologias abordadas pelos docentes. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário com perguntas fechadas e abertas e, após, foram categorizados e analisados, apoiados nos referenciais metodológicos de análise de conteúdo. Ficou evidenciado que a maioria dos docentes apresentou concepção conceitual restrita a respeito da temática, manifestando dificuldades para produção e utilização de tecnologias e sugerindo formas de assessoramento para suprir as dificuldades na perspectiva de melhoria da práxis profissional.<br>Este estudio fue realizado con los docentes de dieciséis Cursos de Enfermería de las Instituciones de Enseñanza Superior del Estado de Rio Grande do Sul, con objeto de identificar las tecnologías asistenciales, educacionales y gerenciales que han sido usadas y/o producidas en su praxis profesional en las disciplinas profesionalizantes. Este texto presenta un recorte de la investigación realizada y enfoca las concepciones de las diferentes tipologías de tecnologías aproximadas por los docentes. Los datos fueron colectados a través de un cuestionario con preguntas cerradas y abiertas y después analizados, con base en los referenciales metodológicos de análisis de contenido. El estudio evidenció que la mayoría de los docentes presentó una concepción restricta respecto a la temática, manifestando dificultades para la producción y utilización de tecnologías y sugiriendo formas de asesoramiento para suplir las dificultades en la perspectiva de mejorar la praxis profesional.<br>This study involved the teachers of sixteen Nursing Courses at Higher Education Institutions in the State of Rio Grande do Sul and aimed to identify the care, education and management technologies that are used and/or produced in their professional praxis in professionalizing subjects. This text presents a research extract and focuses on the conceptions about the different types of technologies the teachers approached. Data were collected through a questionnaire with closed and open questions and later analyzed according to the methodological framework of content analysis. The study revealed that most teachers presented a restricted concept of the theme, manifesting difficulties for technology use and production and suggesting ways of support to overcome these difficulties, with a view to improving professional praxis