Sobre la lectura y la escritura: saberes y prácticas. Experiencias de investigación

In this article, some preliminary results are discussed concerning the reading comprehension and writing of a summary on the secondary education. On the one hand, the lack of teaching of readingcomprehension strategies is analyzed; on the other, is contemplated the paradox of trying to teach writing without deploying a teaching grammar points necessary as the text type. These inquiriesform a picture of how to tackle the teaching of language and literature, in Santa Rosa, the most populous city of La Pampa. Furthermore, in the absence of sequencing contained in official documents, the results are a starting point for developing a probable sequence of content related to reading, writing and grammar, textual and discursive knowledge, according to the schooling degree.Se exponen en este artículo algunos resultados preliminares respecto de la compresión de la lectura y de la escritura de un resumen en el nivel secundario de la educación común. Se analiza, por una parte, la ausencia de una enseñanza de estrategias de comprensión lectora y por otra, la paradoja de pretender enseñar a escribir sin desplegar una enseñanza de los contenidos gramaticalesnecesarios según el tipo textual. Estas indagaciones configuran un panorama del modo de abordar la enseñanza de la Lengua y la Literatura, en Santa Rosa, la ciudad más poblada de La Pampa.Además, ante la inexistencia de una secuenciación de contenidos en los documentos oficiales, los resultados constituyen un punto de partida para la elaboración de una secuencia probable decontenidos relativos a la lectura, a la escritura y a los saberes gramaticales, textuales y discursivos, según el nivel de escolaridad

Rationale and design of an independent randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of aripiprazole or haloperidol in combination with clozapine for treatment-resistant schizophrenia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>One third to two thirds of people with schizophrenia have persistent psychotic symptoms despite clozapine treatment. Under real-world circumstances, the need to provide effective therapeutic interventions to patients who do not have an optimal response to clozapine has been cited as the most common reason for simultaneously prescribing a second antipsychotic drug in combination treatment strategies. In a clinical area where the pressing need of providing therapeutic answers has progressively increased the occurrence of antipsychotic polypharmacy, despite the lack of robust evidence of its efficacy, we sought to implement a pre-planned protocol where two alternative therapeutic answers are systematically provided and evaluated within the context of a pragmatic, multicentre, independent randomised study.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>The principal clinical question to be answered by the present project is the relative efficacy and tolerability of combination treatment with clozapine plus aripiprazole compared with combination treatment with clozapine plus haloperidol in patients with an incomplete response to treatment with clozapine over an appropriate period of time. This project is a prospective, multicentre, randomized, parallel-group, superiority trial that follow patients over a period of 12 months. Withdrawal from allocated treatment within 3 months is the primary outcome.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The implementation of the protocol presented here shows that it is possible to create a network of community psychiatric services that accept the idea of using their everyday clinical practice to produce randomised knowledge. The employed pragmatic attitude allowed to randomly allocate more than 100 individuals, which means that this study is the largest antipsychotic combination trial conducted so far in Western countries. We expect that the current project, by generating evidence on whether it is clinically useful to combine clozapine with aripiprazole rather than with haloperidol, provides physicians with a solid evidence base to be directly applied in the routine care of patients with schizophrenia.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p><b>Clincaltrials.gov Identifier</b>: NCT00395915</p

Sobre la lectura y la escritura: Saberes y prácticas. Experiencias de investigación

In this article, some preliminary results are discussed concerning the reading comprehension and writing of a summary on the secondary education. On the one hand, the lack of teaching of readingcomprehension strategies is analyzed; on the other, is contemplated the paradox of trying to teach writing without deploying a teaching grammar points necessary as the text type. These inquiriesform a picture of how to tackle the teaching of language and literature, in Santa Rosa, the most populous city of La Pampa. Furthermore, in the absence of sequencing contained in official documents, the results are a starting point for developing a probable sequence of content related to reading, writing and grammar, textual and discursive knowledge, according to the schooling degree.Se exponen en este artículo algunos resultados preliminares respecto de la compresión de la lectura y de la escritura de un resumen en el nivel secundario de la educación común. Se analiza, por una parte, la ausencia de una enseñanza de estrategias de comprensión lectora y por otra, la paradoja de pretender enseñar a escribir sin desplegar una enseñanza de los contenidos gramaticalesnecesarios según el tipo textual. Estas indagaciones configuran un panorama del modo de abordar la enseñanza de la Lengua y la Literatura, en Santa Rosa, la ciudad más poblada de La Pampa.Además, ante la inexistencia de una secuenciación de contenidos en los documentos oficiales, los resultados constituyen un punto de partida para la elaboración de una secuencia probable decontenidos relativos a la lectura, a la escritura y a los saberes gramaticales, textuales y discursivos, según el nivel de escolaridad

Sunflower cake in multiple supplements for cattle grazing in the dry season: Nutritional characteristics

The objective was to evaluate the effect of inclusion levels of sunflower cake as protein source to replace soybean meal in multiple supplements for cattle grazing during dry season on nutritional parameters. Five steers were used, Nellore, non-castrated, with age and average initial weights of 20 months and 354.7 kg, respectively, divided into five paddocks of 0.25 ha each, consisting of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. The experiment was divided into 5 x 5 Latin square, composed of five experimental periods of 15 days each and five animals. The strategy adopted was the inclusion of sunflower cake in increasing levels of zero, 270, 406, 540 g / kg supplement and mineral supplement composed only by the will provided in the trough (control). Supplements were formulated to be isonitrogenous (25% CP) and provided the amount of 1.5 kg / animal / day of natural material. The forage mass and the availability of dry matter digestible pontecialmente were 3,120 and 2,379 kg DM / ha respectively. Effect was observed (P 0.10). There was a significant difference in the concentrations of NH3-N between animals that received only mineral mixture (8.64 mg / dL) and cattle supplemented with 0 (12.61 mg / dL) and 27% (11.79 mg / dL ) of adding TG in time 4 hours after supplementation. However, the concentration of NH3-N, between supplemented animalsindependent of the inclusion of TG was not significant (P> 0.10), but was numerically lower for animals supplemented with 40.6 (10.81 mg / dL ) and 54% (10.50 mg / dL) inclusion of sunflower cake. We conclude that the inclusion of sunflower cake in the formulation of the supplements did not interfere with nutritional parameters can replace soybean meal in up to 100% without affect consumption of animals, this level of supplementatio

Substituição do milho pela glicerina em suplementos múltiplos para novilhos Nelore em pastejo

The objective was to evaluate the performance and production costs of Nellore steers growing on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu during the dry season receiving mineral supplements with partial replacement of corn by residual glycerin. 40 Nellore steers with initial body weight of 203.12 +/- 20.10 kg and average initial age of 12 months, distributed into eight paddocks of 1.6 ha each, were used. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates and eight supplements. Supplements with levels of partial replacement of corn by glycerin were evaluated: 0% (G0), 10% (G10), 20% (G20), 30% (G30), 40% (G40), 50% (G50) and 60% (G60) provided on the amount of 1 kg/animal/day in the natural matter, and a mineral supplement (MS). The average daily gain (ADG) was higher (P&lt;0.05) in animals receiving supplements G30 (0.609 kg), G40 (0.588 kg) and G60 (0.611 kg) in relation to supplements G0 (0.546 kg), G10 (0.509 kg), G50 (0.561 kg) and MS (0.223 kg). There were differences (P &lt;0.10) in ADG in supplemented animals when compared to MS. The supplemented animals showed higher ADG (P&lt;0.05) compared to MS. The different levels provided positive financial return. It is concluded that the supply of multiple supplements replacing the corn by glycerol in production systems of steers in the dry period provides higher productive performance levels of 30, 40 and 60% and positive financial return to levels of 60% of replacement, demonstrating thus, its potential use for intensive systems of beef production on pasture.Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo e os custos de produção de novilhos Nelore recriados em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu durante o período seco do ano recebendo suplemento mineral e suplementos com substituição parcial do milho por glicerina residual bruta. Foram utilizados 40 novilhos Nelore com peso corporal médio inicial de 203,12 ± 20,10 kg e idade média inicial de 12 meses, distribuídos em oito piquetes de 1,6 ha cada. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com oito suplementos e cinco repetições. Foram avaliados suplementos com níveis de substituição parcial do milho por glicerina: 0% (G0); 10% (G10); 20% (G20); 30% (G30); 40% (G40); 50% (G50) e 60% (G60), fornecidos na quantidade de 1 kg/animal/dia na matéria natural, além de um suplemento mineral ad libitum (SM). O ganho médio diário (GMD) foi maior (P<0,05) em animais recebendo os suplementos G30 (0,609 kg), G 40 (0,588 kg) e G60 (0,611 kg) em relação aos suplementos G0 (0,546 kg), G10 (0,509 kg), G50 (0,561 kg) e SM (0,223 kg). Os animais suplementados apresentaram maior GMD (P<0,05) em relação ao SM. Os diferentes níveis proporcionaram retorno financeiro positivo. Concluise, que o fornecimento de suplementos múltiplos substituindo o milho por glicerina em sistemas de produção de novilhos de corte no período da seca proporciona maior desempenho produtivo nos níveis de 30, 40 e 60% e retorno financeiro positivo até níveis de 60% de substituição, demonstrando, portanto, o seu potencial de uso em sistemas intensivos de produção de carne bovina a pasto