The morality of political liberalism

The paper discusses two ways to understand political liberalism. On the one hand, political liberalism may rely on the existence of an overlapping consensus among all reasonable comprehensive views present in our society. On the other hand, we may ground political liberalism on the moral value of equal respect for everyone. The dilemma between a factual identification of an overlapping consensus and a normative appeal to moral values arises at two levels. First, when we fill the content of our political conception of justice. And second, when we require impartiality to fill that content. In the former case, we may argue for a particular conception of justice through normative argument with moral premises, or our political conception of justice might be the area where all reasona-ble comprehensive views overlap. Similarly, we require that citizens offer impartial public reasons because this is what people holding different comprehensive views do think ap-propriate, or because they should consider it so. The author argues that we should define our political conception of justice through impartial normative argument, and that we should ground the demand of impartiality on the moral value of equal respect

Avances jurídicos en la protección de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales dentro del marco de Naciones Unidas

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Pressure effects on NaMnF4: Structural correlations and Jahn-Teller effect from crystal-field spectroscopy

This work investigates the optical absorption spectrum of the NaMnF4-layered perovskite and its variation with pressure. The spectrum basically consists of three broadbands located at 1.916, 2.263, and 2.817 eV, which correspond to the crystal-field (CF) transitions 5B1g⃗5Γi (Γi=A1g, B2g, and Eg) with the Jahn-Teller- (JT-) distorted MnF63- complex (Mn3+ d4 configuration). In addition, there are two spin-flip 5B1g⃗3B1g peaks at 2.397 and 2.890 eV, which are activated by the exchange mechanism. Their variation with pressure reveals that the JT energy does not change significantly with pressure: ∂EJT/∂P=0.8 meV/GPa. Furthermore, the variation of the JT tetragonal splitting of the parent octahedral eg and t2g, termed Δe and Δt, respectively, clearly indicate that ∂Δe/∂P≪∂Δt/∂P, although Δe≈4Δt. The CF energies and their pressure shift are explained in terms of local structural changes within the MnF63- complex induced by pressure. The structural correlation analysis reveals that the reduction of the MnF63- JT distortion is smaller than the expected one on the basis of the crystal volume reduction, thus indicating tilt phenomena. This interpretation is supported by the decrease of in-layer Mn-F-Mn superexchange, such as is derived from the optical spectra. We demonstrate that the equatorial and axial distances decrease from 1.839 to 1.808 Å and from 2.167 to 2.107 Å, respectively, in the 0–10 GPa range

Pressure-induced Jahn-Teller suppression and simultaneous high-spin to low-spin transition in the layered perovskite CsMnF4

The interplay between the orbital ordering and the spin state in Jahn-Teller Mn3+ governing the optical, magnetic, and transport properties in the layered CsMnF4 perovskite is investigated. Such electronic effects are strongly coupled to the lattice and thus can be modified by external pressure. However, there is very little understanding of the structural conditions which are required to attain spin crossover in connection with the electronic structure of Mn3+. The distortion, spin state, and tilting of MnF6 octahedra in the insulating ferromagnet CsMnF4 are jointly studied by high-pressure optical spectroscopy. The insulating character of CsMnF4 allowed us to explore the electronic structure associated with the 3d levels of Mn3+ in the 0–46 GPa pressure range, an information which is obscured in most oxides due to metallization at high pressure. We show that the spin-crossover transition, related to the spin change, S=2→1, in Mn3+, takes place at 37 GPa with the simultaneous suppression of the axially elongated distortion associated with the Jahn-Teller effect. The wide stability pressure range of the Jahn-Teller distortion and high-spin state is explained in terms of crystalfield models including the Jahn-Teller stabilization energy. On this basis, we discuss the interplay between spin transition and Jahn-Teller effect comparing present findings with other results attained in Mn3+, Ni3+, and Co3

Poema del Cid y otras gestas heroicas

252 p., [4] h. de lám. col

Measuring the Effect of the Real Estate Bubble: a House Price Index for Bilbao

A spatio-temporal model is proposed aimed at producing an index of housing prices. A hedonic model with geographically varying coefficients is coupled with a non parametric estimation of the trend, whence a price index is derived.house prices, price index, GWR, geographically weighted regression

University Hackathons: new ways of educational and social innovation. The experience of the University of Salamanca

[ES] La Universidad de Salamanca lleva seis años celebrando este tipo de encuentros junto con otras universidades de España en un hackathon promovido por Telefónica. En este capítulo se detalla la experiencia de participación en este tipo de encuentros desde el punto de vista académico y se exponen algunos de los principales beneficios, especialmente para la implementación de metodologías docentes innovadoras y para el desarrollo de habilidades y competencias de los alumnos. Este artículo es una publicación derivada de los profesores Martín y Almaraz como responsables del Servicio de Innovación y Producción Digital de la Universidad de Salamanca, Servicio que, entre otras innovaciones, ha venido organizado los Hackáthones de la Universidad de Salamanca. La publicación complementa otros trabajos desarrollados por los autores en base a otros programas de innovación, que han dado lugar a comunicaciones a congresos, artículos y capítulos de libros, como p.e.: López-Esteban, C., Martín-García, T.; Almaraz-Menéndez, F. (2022). Wikipedia en la Universidad: contribución de la educación superior a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible desde el aprendizaje colaborativo. En C. López (Ed.) Los ODS. Avanzando hacia una educación sostenible. Modelos y Experiencias en el Máster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idiomas (pp. 279-290). Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca[EN] Hackathons’ celebration in the educational context has become an interesting formula to promote new forms of teaching and learning and to include universities in the processes of social and business innovation. For that reason, more and more universities are launching this type of initiative, born in the environment of hackers and which have evolved to extend to all professional and academic fields. This article describes the most outstanding results of the experience of participation of the University of Salamanca in hackathons over six years, as well as the main academic benefits that this type of technological meetings can bring to professors and students