4,725 research outputs found
Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Speleogenesis of Sistema Huautla in Oaxaca, Mexico
Sierra Mazateca, Mexico is home to Sistema Huautla, the deepest cave in the Western hemisphere with 1,560 meters of depth and 90 kilometers of passage, including 26 entrances distributed in a high-relief, karstified terrain, within the Sistema Huautla Karst Groundwater Basin. Exploration of the cave has generated research questions about its evolution and geomorphology given the different vadose and phreatic zones impacted by tectonic and incision processes. Dye traces during this study of Cueva de La Peña Colorada confirmed it is a fossil resurgence of the cave system. An additional cave, Cueva Elysium, was connected hydrologically in 2019, expanding the basin and recharge area for the cave system. Four springs were monitored at high-resolution along the Rio Santo Doming for water level, temperature, and specific conductivity in 2019. The dye trace results indicate connection between the springs and that primary dissolution likely occurs at the water table and phreatic zone, due to the extreme verticality of the cave system, while flood responses are rapid and short-lived, despite seasonal storms. Results from this study also help aid in understanding and managing water resources in the region, further exploration of the cave system and potential connections, and the future evolution of Sistema Huautla under a changing climate as exploration continues
Global economy dynamics? Panel data approach to spillover effects
Over the past year, there has been considerable debate about how the slowing of the United States and other major developed economies affects output growth across the world. The main purpose of this paper is to establish relevant conclusions on how the U.S., Euro Area and Japan gross domestic product growth affect international business cycle fluctuations, with the objective of identifying the main factors that influence spillovers into other countries. Using panel data regression, we conclude that output growth in the U.S. and Euro area are significant in explaining output growth across countries. Depending on the specifications, trade linkages play a significant role while financial linkages with respect to the three regions does not (except in one particular specification). There are signs of potential omitted variable bias in some regression indicating that some relevant variables have not been taken into account. There is also clear evidence of a structural change in the transmission mechanism of shocks after 1985 – since when shocks have become more country-specific.Output Growth, Trade and Financial Linkages, Structural Break, Cross- Section Panel Data.
Household private saving and public pensions in Germany and the United States:¿Does the life-cycle hypothesis hold?
This paper details how ageing is affecting to private saving and public pensions. In this way, it analyses if Life-Cycle Hypothesis is carrying out for individuals about their saving behaviours and if Pension Public Systems can make them to vary. For this reason, it establishes a specifically household saving comparative for Germany and Unites States, studying also their ageing evolution and pay capacity of public pension retirement.life–cycle hypothesis, private saving, pension public system, ageing, Germany, United States
Factors that affect the ability of universities to commercialize their patents in a latin american country
The main purpose for this study was to find out which factors at the university level
affect the ability to commercialize their invention patents in a Latin American country.
Twenty-one Colombian universities participated in this study. The information was treated by
the Partial Least Squares regression (PLS) path model. The primary information was obtained
from the application of a survey to a random sample of 87 invention patents, whose holder is
a Colombian university. Of the answers received, the one that generates the most concern is
the fact that almost 80% of patents of invention have not been commercialized. This
discovery is new for the Colombian case and it is something for which until now there was no
scientific evidence. This not only questions the effectiveness of the country's Innovation
System, but also forces to review the processes of scientific research and patenting carried out
by universities. It demonstrates weaknesses in academic entrepreneurship to the extent that
scientific research is not producing commercial applications capable of generating revenue
and incomes for those universities. For its part, the determination level R² values of the
endogenous constructs considered substantial the variable Closeness to the market (58.8%)
which turns out to be the most determining factor in order to achieve an effective
commercialization of patents in this country. This explains the poor ability of Colombian
universities to commercialize their patents and it gives the management of innovation and
university research the challenge of promoting the "exploitation of knowledge" through three
strategies: 1) better market research; 2) strengthening relations with industry; and 3) the prior
identification of the real possibilities of commercialization of its innovations.El objetivo principal de este estudio fue descubrir qué factores a nivel universitario
afectan la capacidad de comercializar sus patentes de invención en un país latinoamericano. 21
universidades colombianas participaron en este estudio. La información se trató mediante el
modelo de regresión de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS). La información primaria se obtuvo
de la aplicación de una encuesta a una muestra aleatoria de 87 patentes de invención, cuyo
titular es alguna universidad colombiana. De las respuestas recibidas, la que genera mayor
preocupación es el hecho de que casi el 80% de las patentes de invención no se han
comercializado. Este descubrimiento es nuevo para el caso colombiano y es algo para lo que
hasta ahora no había evidencia científica. Esto no solo cuestiona la efectividad del Sistema de
Innovación del país, sino que también obliga a revisar los procesos de investigación científica
y patentes llevados a cabo por las universidades. Ello demuestra debilidades en el espíritu
empresarial académico en la medida en que la investigación científica no está produciendo
aplicaciones comerciales capaces de generar ingresos para esas universidades. Por su parte, los
valores del nivel de determinación R² de las construcciones endógenas considera sustancial la
variable Cercanía al mercado (58.8%) que resulta ser un factor determinante para lograr una
comercialización efectiva de patentes en este país. Esto explica la escasa habilidad de las
universidades colombianas para comercializar sus patentes y entrega a la gerencia de la
innovación e investigación universitaria el desafío de impulsar la "explotación del
conocimiento" a través de tres estrategias: 1) una mejor investigación de mercado; 2) el
fortalecimiento de las relaciones con la industria; y 3) la identificación previa de las
posibilidades reales de comercialización de sus innovaciones.Tesi
Analysis of concentration in the spanish electricity output after liberalisation
This paper is about the Spanish Electricity Market after liberalisation. The analysis focuses on finding if the market has become as a Perfect Competition regimen or on the other side, he still continues as a regimen in wich a high output supply concentration and high power market appears, not allowing free-market prices as a consequence. Regarding on it, CTC´s are especially important, being responsible of voluntary actions of increasing prices by Electricity Companies with high market power, just trying to maximise incomes illegally.Liberalization, electricity output, competition and market power, Industry Concentration Indexes, energy prices, Competence Transition Costs
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Inability of the brown citrus aphid (Toxoptera citricida) to transmit citrus psorosis virus under controlled conditions
Might Toxoptera citricida (BrCA) be a citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) vector? We examined CPsV transmission by the BrCA throughout two experiments. In experiment 1, 4 CPsV-infected plants bearing BrCA colonies were introduced in separated cages with 12 healthy 'Madame Vinous' sweet orange (MV) seedlings in each one (48 in total). In experiment 2, 5 BrCAs collected from each CPsV-infected plant were transferred into 3 MV seedlings for each one (12 in total) and left for a 72-h inoculation period. Both experiments were replicated once. No psorosis symptoms or CPsV detection evidences a BrCA inability for CPsV transmission under our controlled conditions.
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