Primera generalización de la Extrapolación Recíproca

Partiremos de una alternativa no lineal a la extrapolación clásica; la extrapolación recíproca. Revisaremos la primera generalización del método de Richardson y realizaremos una generalización de la extrapolación recíproca. Por último, veremos como esta nueva generalización tiene un mejor comportamiento en problemas donde la región de estabilidad es demasiado pequeña

Enabling Calibration In The Zero-Shot Inference of Large Vision-Language Models

Calibration of deep learning models is crucial to their trustworthiness and safe usage, and as such, has been extensively studied in supervised classification models, with methods crafted to decrease miscalibration. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive study of the calibration of vision-language models that are used for zero-shot inference, like CLIP. We measure calibration across relevant variables like prompt, dataset, and architecture, and find that zero-shot inference with CLIP is miscalibrated. Furthermore, we propose a modified version of temperature scaling that is aligned with the common use cases of CLIP as a zero-shot inference model, and show that a single learned temperature generalizes for each specific CLIP model (defined by a chosen pre-training dataset and architecture) across inference dataset and prompt choice

Some ozone advanced oxidation processes to improve the biological removal of selected pharmaceutical contaminants from urban wastewater

Removal of nine pharmaceutical compounds¿acetaminophen (AAF), antipyrine (ANT), caffeine (CAF), carbamazepine (CRB), diclofenac (DCF), hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), ketorolac (KET), metoprolol (MET) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX)¿spiked in a primary sedimentation effluent of a municipal wastewater has been studied with sequential aerobic biological and ozone advanced oxidation systems. Combinations of ozone, UVA black light and Fe(III) or Fe3O4 constituted the chemical systems. During the biological treatment (hydraulic residence time, HRT = 24 h), only AAF and CAF were completely eliminated,MET, SMX and HCT reached partial removal rates and the rest of compounds were completely refractory. With any ozone advanced oxidation process applied, the remaining pharmaceuticals disappear in less than 10 min. Fe3O4 or Fe(III) photocatalytic ozonation leads to 35% mineralization compared to 13% reached during ozonation alone after about 30-min reaction. Also, biodegradability of the treated wastewater increased 50% in the biological process plus another 150% after the ozonation processes. Both untreated and treated wastewater was non-toxic for Daphnia magna (D. magna) except when Fe(III) was used in photocatalytic ozonation. In this case, toxicity was likely due to the ferryoxalate formed in the process. Kinetic information on ozone processes reveals that pharmaceuticals at concentrations they have in urban wastewater are mainly removed through free radical oxidation.The authors thank the Spanish CICYT and Feder funds for the economic support through project CTQ2009/13459/C05/05. Also, Chemical Engineer A. Espejo thanks Gobierno de Extremadura for providing her a FPI grant.Espejo, A.; Aguinaco, A.; Amat Payá, AM.; Beltrán, FJ. (2014). Some ozone advanced oxidation processes to improve the biological removal of selected pharmaceutical contaminants from urban wastewater. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-Toxic/Hazardous Substances&Environmental Engineering. 49(4):410-421. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2014.854652S410421494Moldovan, Z. (2006). Occurrences of pharmaceutical and personal care products as micropollutants in rivers from Romania. Chemosphere, 64(11), 1808-1817. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.02.003Bartelt-Hunt, S. L., Snow, D. D., Damon, T., Shockley, J., & Hoagland, K. (2009). The occurrence of illicit and therapeutic pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and surface waters in Nebraska. Environmental Pollution, 157(3), 786-791. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.025Santos, J. L., Aparicio, I., Callejón, M., & Alonso, E. (2009). Occurrence of pharmaceutically active compounds during 1-year period in wastewaters from four wastewater treatment plants in Seville (Spain). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164(2-3), 1509-1516. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.073Sim, W.-J., Lee, J.-W., & Oh, J.-E. (2010). Occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants and rivers in Korea. Environmental Pollution, 158(5), 1938-1947. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.036Sui, Q., Huang, J., Deng, S., Yu, G., & Fan, Q. (2010). Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals, caffeine and DEET in wastewater treatment plants of Beijing, China. Water Research, 44(2), 417-426. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.07.010Calza, P., Massolino, C., Monaco, G., Medana, C., & Baiocchi, C. (2008). Study of the photolytic and photocatalytic transformation of amiloride in water. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 48(2), 315-320. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2008.01.014Camacho-Muñoz, D., Martín, J., Santos, J. L., Aparicio, I., & Alonso, E. (2010). Occurrence, temporal evolution and risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds in Doñana Park (Spain). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183(1-3), 602-608. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.067Boyd, G. R., Reemtsma, H., Grimm, D. A., & Mitra, S. (2003). Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface and treated waters of Louisiana, USA and Ontario, Canada. Science of The Total Environment, 311(1-3), 135-149. doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(03)00138-4ROBERTS, P., & THOMAS, K. (2006). The occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and surface waters of the lower Tyne catchment. Science of The Total Environment, 356(1-3), 143-153. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.031Kim, S. D., Cho, J., Kim, I. S., Vanderford, B. J., & Snyder, S. A. (2007). Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in South Korean surface, drinking, and waste waters. Water Research, 41(5), 1013-1021. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2006.06.034Yoon, Y., Ryu, J., Oh, J., Choi, B.-G., & Snyder, S. A. (2010). Occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products in the Han River (Seoul, South Korea). Science of The Total Environment, 408(3), 636-643. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.049Ternes, T. A., Stüber, J., Herrmann, N., McDowell, D., Ried, A., Kampmann, M., & Teiser, B. (2003). Ozonation: a tool for removal of pharmaceuticals, contrast media and musk fragrances from wastewater? Water Research, 37(8), 1976-1982. doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00570-5Rosal, R., Rodríguez, A., Perdigón-Melón, J. A., Mezcua, M., Hernando, M. D., Letón, P., … Fernández-Alba, A. R. (2008). Removal of pharmaceuticals and kinetics of mineralization by O3/H2O2 in a biotreated municipal wastewater. Water Research, 42(14), 3719-3728. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.06.008Fatta-Kassinos, D., Vasquez, M. I., & Kümmerer, K. (2011). Transformation products of pharmaceuticals in surface waters and wastewater formed during photolysis and advanced oxidation processes – Degradation, elucidation of byproducts and assessment of their biological potency. Chemosphere, 85(5), 693-709. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.082Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., Dinsdale, R. M., & Guwy, A. J. (2009). The removal of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs during wastewater treatment and its impact on the quality of receiving waters. Water Research, 43(2), 363-380. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.10.047Fernández, C., González-Doncel, M., Pro, J., Carbonell, G., & Tarazona, J. V. (2010). Occurrence of pharmaceutically active compounds in surface waters of the henares-jarama-tajo river system (madrid, spain) and a potential risk characterization. Science of The Total Environment, 408(3), 543-551. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.009Deblonde, T., Cossu-Leguille, C., & Hartemann, P. (2011). Emerging pollutants in wastewater: A review of the literature. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 214(6), 442-448. doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.08.002Rosal, R., Rodríguez, A., Perdigón-Melón, J. A., Petre, A., García-Calvo, E., Gómez, M. J., … Fernández-Alba, A. R. (2010). Occurrence of emerging pollutants in urban wastewater and their removal through biological treatment followed by ozonation. Water Research, 44(2), 578-588. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.07.004Rodríguez, E., Fernández, G., Ledesma, B., Álvarez, P., & Beltrán, F. J. (2009). Photocatalytic degradation of organics in water in the presence of iron oxides: Influence of carboxylic acids. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 92(3-4), 240-249. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.07.013Rodríguez, E. M., Núñez, B., Fernández, G., & Beltrán, F. J. (2009). Effects of some carboxylic acids on the Fe(III)/UVA photocatalytic oxidation of muconic acid in water. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 89(1-2), 214-222. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.11.030Moore, W. A., Kroner, R. C., & Ruchhoft, C. C. (1949). Dichromate Reflux Method for Determination of Oxygen Consumed. Analytical Chemistry, 21(8), 953-957. doi:10.1021/ac60032a020Means, J. L., & Anderson, S. J. (1981). Comparison of five different methods for measuring biodegradability in aqueous environments. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 16(3), 301-315. doi:10.1007/bf01046911Stookey, L. L. (1970). Ferrozine---a new spectrophotometric reagent for iron. Analytical Chemistry, 42(7), 779-781. doi:10.1021/ac60289a016Bader, H., & Hoigné, J. (1981). Determination of ozone in water by the indigo method. Water Research, 15(4), 449-456. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(81)90054-3Petala, M., Kokokiris, L., Samaras, P., Papadopoulos, A., & Zouboulis, A. (2009). Toxicological and ecotoxic impact of secondary and tertiary treated sewage effluents. Water Research, 43(20), 5063-5074. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.08.043Tothill, I. E., & Turner, A. P. F. (1996). Developments in bioassay methods for toxicity testing in water treatment. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 15(5), 178-188. doi:10.1016/0165-9936(96)80640-6Farré, M., & Barceló, D. (2003). Toxicity testing of wastewater and sewage sludge by biosensors, bioassays and chemical analysis. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 22(5), 299-310. doi:10.1016/s0165-9936(03)00504-1Ten Berge, W. F. (1978). Breeding Daphnia magna. Hydrobiologia, 59(2), 121-123. doi:10.1007/bf00020772American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 1987.Standard Guide for Conducting Renewal Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with Daphnia Magna. Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol. E 1193, 765–781. Philadelphia: ASTM.Radjenović, J., Petrović, M., & Barceló, D. (2009). Fate and distribution of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and sewage sludge of the conventional activated sludge (CAS) and advanced membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment. Water Research, 43(3), 831-841. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.11.043Lin, A. Y.-C., Lin, C.-A., Tung, H.-H., & Chary, N. S. (2010). Potential for biodegradation and sorption of acetaminophen, caffeine, propranolol and acebutolol in lab-scale aqueous environments. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183(1-3), 242-250. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.017Yang, S.-F., Lin, C.-F., Yu-Chen Lin, A., & Andy Hong, P.-K. (2011). Sorption and biodegradation of sulfonamide antibiotics by activated sludge: Experimental assessment using batch data obtained under aerobic conditions. Water Research, 45(11), 3389-3397. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.052Ternes, T. A., Herrmann, N., Bonerz, M., Knacker, T., Siegrist, H., & Joss, A. (2004). A rapid method to measure the solid–water distribution coefficient (Kd) for pharmaceuticals and musk fragrances in sewage sludge. Water Research, 38(19), 4075-4084. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2004.07.015Stevens-Garmon, J., Drewes, J. E., Khan, S. J., McDonald, J. A., & Dickenson, E. R. V. (2011). Sorption of emerging trace organic compounds onto wastewater sludge solids. Water Research, 45(11), 3417-3426. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.056Dionisi, D., Bertin, L., Bornoroni, L., Capodicasa, S., Papini, M. P., & Fava, F. (2006). Removal of organic xenobiotics in activated sludges under aerobic conditions and anaerobic digestion of the adsorbed species. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 81(9), 1496-1505. doi:10.1002/jctb.1561Byrns, G. (2001). The fate of xenobiotic organic compounds in wastewater treatment plants. Water Research, 35(10), 2523-2533. doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00529-7Hyland, K. C., Dickenson, E. R. V., Drewes, J. E., & Higgins, C. P. (2012). Sorption of ionized and neutral emerging trace organic compounds onto activated sludge from different wastewater treatment configurations. Water Research, 46(6), 1958-1968. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.012Yang, S.-F., Lin, C.-F., Wu, C.-J., Ng, K.-K., Yu-Chen Lin, A., & Andy Hong, P.-K. (2012). Fate of sulfonamide antibiotics in contact with activated sludge – Sorption and biodegradation. Water Research, 46(4), 1301-1308. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.12.035Feng, W., & Nansheng, D. (2000). Photochemistry of hydrolytic iron (III) species and photoinduced degradation of organic compounds. A minireview. Chemosphere, 41(8), 1137-1147. doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00024-2Rodríguez, E. M., Fernández, G., Álvarez, P. M., Hernández, R., & Beltrán, F. J. (2011). Photocatalytic degradation of organics in water in the presence of iron oxides: Effects of pH and light source. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 102(3-4), 572-583. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.12.041Beltrán, F. J., Aguinaco, A., García-Araya, J. F., & Oropesa, A. (2008). Ozone and photocatalytic processes to remove the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole from water. Water Research, 42(14), 3799-3808. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.07.019García-Araya, J. F., Beltrán, F. J., & Aguinaco, A. (2010). Diclofenac removal from water by ozone and photolytic TiO2 catalysed processes. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 85(6), 798-804. doi:10.1002/jctb.2363Rivas, F. J., Beltrán, F. J., & Encinas, A. (2012). Removal of emergent contaminants: Integration of ozone and photocatalysis. Journal of Environmental Management, 100, 10-15. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.01.025Rivas, F. J., Beltrán, F. J., Gimeno, O., & Acedo, B. (2001). Wet Air Oxidation Of Wastewater From Olive Oil Mills. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 24(4), 415-421. doi:10.1002/1521-4125(200104)24:43.0.co;2-cGIMENO, O., CARBAJO, M., BELTRAN, F., & RIVAS, F. (2005). Phenol and substituted phenols AOPs remediation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 119(1-3), 99-108. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.11.024Beltrán, F. J., Gimeno, O., Rivas, F. J., & Carbajo, M. (2006). Photocatalytic ozonation of gallic acid in water. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 81(11), 1787-1796. doi:10.1002/jctb.1605Aguinaco, A., Beltrán, F. J., García-Araya, J. F., & Oropesa, A. (2012). Photocatalytic ozonation to remove the pharmaceutical diclofenac from water: Influence of variables. Chemical Engineering Journal, 189-190, 275-282. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2012.02.072Trovó, A. G., Pupo Nogueira, R. F., Agüera, A., Fernandez-Alba, A. R., & Malato, S. (2011). Degradation of the antibiotic amoxicillin by photo-Fenton process – Chemical and toxicological assessment. Water Research, 45(3), 1394-1402. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.10.029Trovó, A. G., Pupo Nogueira, R. F., Agüera, A., Fernandez-Alba, A. R., & Malato, S. (2012). Paracetamol degradation intermediates and toxicity during photo-Fenton treatment using different iron species. Water Research, 46(16), 5374-5380. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.015Hoigné, J., & Bader, H. (1983). Rate constants of reactions of ozone with organic and inorganic compounds in water—II. Water Research, 17(2), 185-194. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(83)90099-4Javier Rivas, F., Sagasti, J., Encinas, A., & Gimeno, O. (2011). Contaminants abatement by ozone in secondary effluents. Evaluation of second-order rate constants. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 86(8), 1058-1066. doi:10.1002/jctb.2609Huber, M. M., Canonica, S., Park, G.-Y., & von Gunten, U. (2003). Oxidation of Pharmaceuticals during Ozonation and Advanced Oxidation Processes. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(5), 1016-1024. doi:10.1021/es025896hReal, F. J., Acero, J. L., Benitez, F. J., Roldán, G., & Fernández, L. C. (2010). Oxidation of hydrochlorothiazide by UV radiation, hydroxyl radicals and ozone: Kinetics and elimination from water systems. Chemical Engineering Journal, 160(1), 72-78. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2010.03.009Benner, J., Salhi, E., Ternes, T., & von Gunten, U. (2008). Ozonation of reverse osmosis concentrate: Kinetics and efficiency of beta blocker oxidation. Water Research, 42(12), 3003-3012. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.04.002Beltrán, F. J., Aguinaco, A., & García-Araya, J. F. (2009). Mechanism and kinetics of sulfamethoxazole photocatalytic ozonation in water. 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Varicella pneumonia associated with spontaneous popliteal arterial thrombosis in an adult: a case study and review of the literature

Introduction: Chickenpox is generally a childhood exanthematic benign self-limited disease. In contrast, most complications and fatal cases occur among adults, which is the group that suffers less commonly from this disease. The frequency of chickenpox in adults is increasing worldwide, together with the associated complications, mainly varicella pneumonia, which can lead to death. The incidence of other complications such as peripheral artery thrombosis is much lower but can cause important morbidity. Case presentation: We report the case of a 63-year-old male smoker, who was otherwise previously healthy, who was admitted to the Emergency Department with chickenpox and varicella pneumonia with respiratory insufficiency requiring mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit admission. During hospitalization, the patient developed spontaneous popliteal artery thrombosis that finally led to transfemoral amputation. Conclusions: Varicella pneumonia and peripheral artery thrombosis are two of the known complications of chickenpox. Both complications seem to be much more frequent in men with an active smoking habit. Clinicians should be aware of these complications in order to recognize them promptly and provide adequate treatment

The past distribution of pinus nigra arnold in northern iberia. Contribution from its macroremains.

The presence of Pinus nigra in central Spain, where its natural populations are very rare, has led to different interpretations of the current vegetation dynamics. Complementary to the available palynological evidence, macroremains provide local information of high taxonomic resolution that helps to reconstruct the palaeobiogeography of a given species. Here we present new macrofossil data from Tubilla del Lago, a small palaeolake located at the eastern part of the northern Iberian Meseta. We identified 17 wood samples and 71 cones on the basis of their wood anatomy and morphology, respectively. S ome of the fossil samples were radiocarbon dated (~4.230-3210 years cal BP). The results demonstrate the Holocene presence of P. nigra in the study area, where it is currently extinct. This evidence, together with other published palaeobotanical studies, indicates that the forests dominated by P. nigra must have had a larger importance on the landscape prior to the anthropogenic influence on the northern Iberian Meseta

Convergencia y análisis numérico de un método de tercer orden para sistemas de ecuaciones no lineales

A lo largo de la Historia la resolución de ecuaciones no lineales ha preocupado a gran cantidad de científicos. Hoy en día, con los adelantos tecnológicos, estas ecuaciones son aproximadas de forma eficiente por medio de métodos iterativos. La idea es generar una sucesión de aproximaciones x0, x1, x2, ... que bajo ciertas condiciones converge a la raíz deseada. En este trabajo, presentamos una extensión a espacios de Banach de un método de tercer orden recientemente presentado en el caso escalar [6] M.A. Noor et al., An iterative method with cubic convergence for nonlinear equations, Appl. Math. Comp., 183, (2006), 1249-1255. Se introducirán varios teoremas de convergencia, modificaciones que no necesitan el cómputo de derivadas y varios experimentos numéricos

Dominios de Dedekind.

El trabajo busca definir el concepto de Dominio de Dedekind en términos del anillo con la mejor teoría de divisibilidad (en el sentido de lo más cercano al teorema fundamental de la aritmética) a través de los conceptos de valoración, ideales fraccionarios y el grupo de divisibilidad.<br /

Un esquema de cuarto orden con casi-óptimo gasto computacional para ecuaciones no lineales

En este trabajo, presentamos un método de tres pasos y de cuarto orden que tiene un coste computacional muy aceptable. Esto es debido a que no necesita segundas derivadas y que la matriz de los sistemas lineales asociados es la misma en los tres pasos de cada iteración. Se estudiará su convergencia e implementación

Notas sobre philornis vulgaris (couri, 1984) (diptera: muscidae) en nidos del sinsonte tropical mimus gilvus (viellot, 1808) en los Andes de Colombia

Between September 2005 and April 2006 we observed 20 nests and 42 nestlings of the tropical mockingbird, Mimus gilvus (Vieillot, 1808) in Villa de Leiva, Boyacá, Colombia. 40% of all nestlings (40% of the nests) showed some level of myiasis or subcutaneous infestation by fly larvae (Diptera: Muscidae). The larvae collected from one of the nestlings were reared and identified as Philornis vulgaris Couri 1984, constituting the first record for this species in Colombia

A implantação do quadro de comando integral no setor agroalimentar: o caso do grupo alimentar guissona

The Guissona Food Group (located in the province of Lleida in Spain), was born with a strategic vision that has led it to position itself with remarkable success in the market. It has also implemented several management tools that have enabled the company to develop, adapt and grow for more than 50 years. This article discusses the implementation of a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) to monitor the aforementioned strategy. It is suggested to implement this particular tool, since it is the fifth most used management tool in the world according to the biannual study conducted by Bain &amp; Company (Rigby &amp; Bilodeau, 2013). BSC's proposal contained in this study includes 27 indicators, ranked the 4 perspectives proposed in the BSC.El Grupo Alimentario Guissona (ubicado en la provincia de Lleida en España), nació con una visión estratégica que le ha llevado a posicionarse con notable éxito en el mercado. Así mismo ha implementado diversas herramientas de gestión que le han permitido desarrollarse, adaptarse y crecer durante más de 50 años. El presente artículo plantea la implantación de un Cuadro de Mando Integral (CMI) para poder monitorear la referida estrategia. Se sugiere implementar esta herramienta concreta, ya que es la quinta herramienta de gestión más utilizada en el mundo según el estudio bianual que realiza Bain &amp; Company (Rigby &amp; Bilodeau, 2013). La propuesta de CMI contenida en el presente estudio incluye 27 indicadores, clasificados en las 4 perspectivas propuestas en el CMI.O Grupo Alimentar Guissona (localizado na província de Lleida em Espanha) nasceu com uma visão estratégica que o levou a se posicionar com notável sucesso no mercado. Desta maneira tem implementado diversas ferramentas de gerenciamento que lhe permitiram se desenvolver, se adaptar e crescer durante mais de 50 anos. O presente artigo propõe a implantação de um Quadro de Comando Integral (CMI, por sua sigla em espanhol) para poder monitorar a referida estratégia. Sugere-se implementar esta ferramenta concreta, visto que é a quinta ferramenta de gerenciamento mais utilizada no mundo segundo o estudo bianual que realiza Bain &amp; Company (Rigby &amp; Bilodeau, 2013). A proposta de CMI contida no presente estudo inclui 27 indicadores, classificados em 4 perspectivas propostas